Frequency In Men Research Articles

The AGTR2 rs11091046 Polymorphism Is Associated with Elite Japanese and Jamaican Sprint/Power Athlete Status

BACKGROUND: The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AGTR2) is a component of the renin-angiotensin system that mediates the effects of angiotensin II on cellular differentiation and growth, and plays several metabolic roles, i.e. muscular insulin regulation, cardiovascular and renal systems signalization. In the AGTR2 gene, the rs11091046 (A>C) polymorphism has been shown to be associated with muscle fibre type composition, athlete status and athletic performance in Caucasian population: the A allele being associated with a higher percentage of fast-twitch fibres and power-oriented athlete status. PURPOSE:To study whether the A allele of the AGTR2 rs11091046 (A>C) polymorphism is associated with sprint/power athletic performance in Japanese and Jamaican track and field athletes. METHODS:The AGTR2 rs11091046 polymorphism has been genotyped by TaqMan Genotyping Assay in 214 Japanese sprint/power athletes (42 international level, 172 national level, 56 women) and 815 Japanese healthy control subjects (601 women); and in 113 Jamaican sprint/power athletes (103 international level, 10 national level, 55 women) and 303 Jamaican healthy control subjects (152 women). All athletes answered a questionnaire about their competition results in order to assess athlete status. RESULTS:In the Japanese cohort, the C allele frequency was significantly higher in sprint/power athletes (68.0%) than in control subjects (56.5%) (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.40; P = 0.03), in men. In the Jamaican cohort, the C allele frequency in men sprint/power athletes (43.1%) tended to be higher than in control subjects (34.4%), without significance (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.87 - 1.81; P = 0.25). There were no significant differences in women for both Japanese and Jamaican populations. As shown by the low heterogeneity index (I2=0%), meta-analysis indicated that the frequency of the C allele was significantly higher in pooled (Japanese and Jamaican) men elite sprint/power athletes than in control subjects (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.40; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION:In contrast to the result obtained in Caucasian population, the C allele of the AGTR2 rs11091046 polymorphism is associated with sprint/power athlete status in Japanese and Jamaican men. Further replicate and functional studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Long-term effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on metabolic syndrome in patients with morbid obesity

BackgroundDiseases associated with obesity such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, and dyslipidemia are common and together are defined as metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in morbidly obese patients with MetS. MethodsThis was a retrospective study of data from a prospective database in a single center from 2005 to 2013 including 3795 LRYGB operated obese patients. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation Consensus Definition of Metabolic Syndrome from 2006. ResultsIn the study population, 79% of the patients were women, the preoperative median age was 42.4 years, and median body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was 40.9. MetS was diagnosed in 60% of the patients (2275/3795), with increased frequency in men and in those with higher age, higher BMI, and greater waist circumference; 27.5% of patients had impaired glucose metabolism, 40% hypertension, and 30% dyslipidemia.Postoperative follow-up rate>5 years was 71% (595/839). We found that 86.2% had resolution of MetS. After 5–9 years, complete remission of T2D was achieved in 78%, hypertension in 51%, and dyslipidemia in 89%. Mean excess BMI loss was significantly lower for patients with MetS (73.1%) compared with patients without MetS (75.6%) (P<.01). Early complications (leakage or hemorrhage) occurred in 1.2% (48/3975) and internal hernia in 7.8% (310/3975). Presence of MetS did not increase complication rates. ConclusionLRYGB in obese patients is associated with a significant and sustained reduction in excessive weight. In the present study, 86.2% of patients with MetS achieved complete remission and complication rates were low. Early bariatric surgery should be considered in patients with obesity and concurrent MetS.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus frequencies in men from areas of Kerala, India, with high vs normal levels of natural background ionizing radiation

We have measured the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) in adult male individuals living in areas of the Kerala coast, southwest India, with either high (HLNRA, >1.5mGy/year) or normal levels of natural ionizing radiation (NLNRA, ≤1.5mGy/year). Blood samples were obtained from 141 individuals, 94 from HLNRA and 47 from NLNRA, aged 18–72, and were subjected to the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. An average of 1835 binucleated (BN) cells per individual were scored. The overall frequency of MN (mean±SD) was 11.7±6.7 per 1000 BN cells. The frequencies of MN in the HLNRA (11.7±6.6) and NLNRA (11.6±6.7) were not statistically significantly different (P=0.59). However, a statistically significant (P<0.001) age-dependent increase in MN frequency was observed among individuals from both HLNRA and NLNRA. No natural background radiation dose-dependent increase in MN frequency was seen. MN frequency was not influenced by tobacco smoking or chewing but it was increased among individuals consuming alcohol. Chronic low-dose radiation in the Kerala coast did not have a significant effect on MN frequency among adult men.

Profile of patients with mild-to-moderate acne in Europe: a survey.

Although acne is almost universal in teenagers, few large cohort studies have investigated the profile of acne patients. To identify the profile of European patients with mild-to-moderate acne. an epidemiological study was performed using inclusion data from a prospective, international, observational phase IV study conducted in patients prescribed an anti-acne cream containing retinaldehyde, glycolic acid, modified rhamnose and Avene Thermal Spring Water. A total of 2926 patients (73.1% female) with mild to moderate acne (mean Global Evaluation of Acne score of 2.55±0.7), aged 22.5±8.0 years, were included in France, Switzerland, Italy and Portugal. A family history of acne was present in 62.9% of patients and mean age at acne onset was 16.0±4.9 years. In total, 69.6% of patients had moderate to severe hyperseborrhoea, 35.6% acne lesions on both face and trunk, 23.6% facial pigmentation and 46% scars. The extent of acne was significantly associated with sex, age at acne onset, history of acne and presence of scars. In women, acne onset was delayed (p<0.0001) and a family history of acne and extension to the trunk were less common than in men (p=0.0118, and p<0.0001), as were scars (p=0.0042). In subjects with a family history of acne, the frequency in men was higher (p=0.0118), acne onset was earlier (p<0.0001) and extension to the trunk and presence of scars were more common (both p<0.0001). Further epidemiological studies would help define specific risk factors for acne occurrence or progression, which may be modified.

EOSINOPHIL CATIONIC PROTEIN IN UREMIC DIALYZED PATIENTS WITH INTRACTABLE PRURITUS

We have analyzed 6 patients(pts) with chronic uremic pruritus(UPG) treated with intermittent hemodialysis more than 5 years,and 7 uremic pts treated under the same conditions but without pruritus(UG).In all pts and in appropriate control group(CG)of healthy subjects(N 0 = 5)we have measured the serum concentration of s.c.eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) known as a protein of allergic states(bronchial asthma as a classic example).We have found elevated serum concentrations of ECP in uremic pts(XECP cg = 2.03±0.02 µg/L vs X ECP ug = 2.63 ±0.29 µg/L),but especially at the uremics with intractable itching(X ECP upg = 8.37±1.67 µg/L). The aim pf the paper:The dialyzed pts with transitory uremic pruritus(u.p)or itching related to the other additioned conditions (like hepatocellular or obstructive jaundice)not differ significantly from the uremics without itching bearing in consi- deration the serum concentration of ECP. Material and methods:1.patients and control group: we have analyzed 6 patients(pts)with chronic imperative u.p(duration more than 6 months!)treated with intermittent hemodialysis more than 5 years(Department of nephrology,Clinical Centre,Skopje,R.of Macedonia) and 7 uremics treated under the same conditions but without up.In all pts(age and sex matched,N 0 = 13)and in the appropriate control group of healthy subjects(c.g,N 0 = 5),we have measured the serum concentrations of s.c.eosinophil cationic protein(ECP)known as a protein of allergic states(allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis,atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma as a classic example).The blood was picked up at 8 a clock for investigated persons and before hemodialysis for uremic pts to.Results: From the precedent tables is evident almost the same frequency in men and women(males = 10,females=8),with the mean age(all groups included) of about 44 years.The serum concentration of ECP is lowest(≈ 2 µg/l) in the CG with coefficient of variation(CV) under 2%!The UG is not so compact regarding sECP with CV ≈ 30%,and finally the uremic pts suffering from intractable itching(UPG) are heterogenous group with more elevated level of sECP(at p 1.96 SEM) but especially evident comparing the CG and UPG(Z= 3.8 SEM),respectively UG and UPG(Z >3.3 SEM).We have concluded that in the cases of very promounted u.p,the allergic component is higly included.The further investigations are needed to detect indoubtely the presence of ECP,EPX or eosinophils in the selected planes of the skin tissue and to develop more efficacious antipruritus drugs. Index trems: uremic intractable pruritus eosinophil cationic protein(ECP),Hemodialysis

Polymorphisms in Claudin 1 and Claudin 7 in Healthy Individuals in Sweden

Tight junction is the area between epithelial cells that controls the fluid between cells. It consists of three main groups of proteins, transmembrane proteins claudin and occludin, accessory proteins zonula occludence 1,2,3 and cytoskeletal protein Actin. Although their main function is to prevent leakage and diffusion of molecules across epithelial barriers they also contribute to the adherence of cells. In malignant tumors, tight junctions frequently show structural and functional abnormalities. Our aim in this study was to see the frequency of genotypes rs6174821 and rs9869263 in claudin 1, CLDN1 and rs4562, rs3744400 of claudin 7, CLDN7 among the healthy population in Sweden. 265 samples were collected from blood and plasma donors. DNA was extracted and mutational screening for CLDN 1 SNP rs6174821 and rs9869263 and CLDN 7 SNP rs4562 and rs3744400 was performed using pyrosequencing. The Hardy-Weinberg formula was used to calculate the genotype. The results show that there is a difference in the frequency of polymorphisms between men and women for several of the genotypes as well as differences compared to HapMap. In CLDN 1 SNP rs9869263 for men and women together the frequency for TT was 0.1959 for TC 0.385 and for CC 0.593 while the HapMap frequency for both men and women was for TT 0.035, for TC 0.230 and for CC 0.735. CLDN 7 SNP rs3744400 for men and women together genotype TT 1.931 and for TG 0.066, whereas GG were 0. When we compare to Hap map frequency for both men and women genotype TT 0.991, TG 0.009 and GG were 0. For men and women together the frequency for SNP rs4562 CC was 0.71, for TT 0.323 and for TC 0.97. The HapMap frequency for men and women was 0.292 for CC, 0.185 for TT and 0.523 for TC.

Selected tumor markers in the routine diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors, affecting men more frequently than women and constituting nearly 90% of all kidney tumors. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma has been described as a new histological type of renal cell carcinoma. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma constitutes up to 5% of all cases of kidney cancer. It is characterized by a significant number of deletions in many chromosomes, as well as the loss of entire chromosomes. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma arises from tubular cells or cells of the macula densa. In contrast to other types of kidney cancer, it occurs with equal frequency in men and women, mostly in the sixth decade of life. It is characterized by a relatively good prognosis and exhibits a low degree of malignancy. Histopathologic diagnosis of ChRCC can be a diagnostic challenge because these tumors may resemble oncocytoma or conventional cancer. Research by Mathers et al. proposed the use of cytokeratin 7 as a marker useful in the differentiation of these changes.

Značaj i uloga radio-terapije nakon operacije karcinoma prostate

Prostate cancer is among the most common cancer by frequency in men. In our country occupies third place in morbidity after lung and colorectal cancer. First therapeutic option in about half of patients is radical prostatectomy. Radiation therapy plays an important role in the further treatment of the treated patients and it can be applied, depending upon the findings and staging loco regional disease, as adjuvant or salvage. Postoperative radiotherapy provides better local control of disease and better long-term survival, without biochemical relapse. Salvage radiotherapy is indicated in the presence of local recurrence and/or biochemical relapse. It remains unclear whether it is the proven increase in PSA level best to wait and then to implement early salvage radiotherapy, or immediately after surgery.

Frequency of Beijing family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran

Background: Beijing family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is widespread in Asia and has been involved in outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in various parts of the world. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of Beijing family of M. tuberculosis in patients with tuberculosis in Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: Totally, 72 specimens of M. tuberculosis were collected from pulmonary samples of patients at Ghaem hospital in Mashhad (Iran) between April 2011 and May 2012. The authors used IS6110-based polymerase chain reaction (IS6110-based PCR) method to identify Beijing family of M. tuberculosis. Based on PCR results, strains belonging to Beijing and non-Beijing families were detected. Also, among members of Beijing family, ancient and modern subfamilies were distinguished. Results: Beijing genotype was observed in five (6.9%) of 72 culture positive samples. In the present study, no cases of modern subfamilies were detected. M. tuberculosis had a higher frequency in men (61.1%) compared to that of women (38.9%). Our data demonstrated that IS6110-based PCR can be used to distinguish Beijing family from non-Beijing family, with high specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion: The improvement of convenient and quick methods to detect and control Beijing family of M. tuberculosis in clinical samples is an interesting subject in areas where M. tuberculosis is prevalent. This method has the advantages of being quick, cost-effective, and requires comparatively less clinical laboratory equipment. K e y w o r ds: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Beijing lineage; Polymerase chain reaction

Associations Between iCOGS Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Upgrading in Both Surgical and Active Surveillance Cohorts of Men with Prostate Cancer

BackgroundAssociations have been documented recently between some of the 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms newly discovered with the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study iCOGS array that indicate prostate cancer (PCa) risk and aspects of disease aggressiveness. The utility of these iCOGS SNPs remains to be determined in active surveillance (AS). ObjectiveTo determine associations between iCOGS SNPs and upgrading among men who underwent surgical treatment and AS for low-risk PCa. Design, setting, and participantsThe genotypes of the 23 iCOGS SNPs were determined for all white subjects with biopsy Gleason score (GS) 6 including 950 men who underwent definitive treatment with surgery and 209 men who elected AS. The clinical and pathologic characteristics were documented for all subjects. Outcome measures and statistical analysisMen who underwent surgery were grouped according to their pathologic GS (upgraded was defined as GS ≥7; nonupgraded remained GS 6). Men who were enrolled in AS were also grouped according to their GS on subsequent surveillance biopsies. Statistical analyses were performed comparing the genotypes between the upgraded and nonupgraded groups. Results and limitationsOverall, 31% and 34% of men were upgraded in the surgery and AS cohorts, respectively. Three iCOGS SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of upgrading in the surgical cohort. After correction for multiple testing, only rs11568818 on chromosome 11q22 remained significantly associated with upgrading. Assessment of this allele in the AS cohort reveals that it was present at noteworthy higher frequencies in men with high-grade disease on surveillance biopsies compared with nonupgraded men (p=0.003). This study was primarily limited by the homogeneous patient population. ConclusionsThis is the first report of a SNP on chromosome 11q22 associated with higher grade disease in a surgical cohort that is also validated for eventual upgrading in a prospective AS cohort. Patient summaryWe examined the relationship between a group of genetic markers and prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness in a group of patients who underwent surgery for PCa and a group of patients who were enrolled in active surveillance. We found that these genetic markers helped predict which patients had more aggressive disease in both groups.

Family Flexibility in Response to Economic Conditions: Fathers' Involvement in Child‐Care Tasks

Recession‐related increases in men's child care are well documented, but supporting evidence describes the last several decades of the 20th century. Changes in family life and in the association between families' economic conditions and the macro economy provide reason to question the continued existence of a “recession effect.” This article evaluates the frequency of married and cohabiting fathers' engagement in the day‐to‐day tasks of child care during the so‐called Great Recession, using data from male respondents to the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Results indicated an increase in men's frequency of engagement in physical care and feeding, starting in 2008 and continuing into 2010. The share of men engaged in daily play fell sharply at the recession's onset but rebounded in subsequent years. These results suggest that, even with a narrowing of the gendered division of domestic labor, room remains for families to respond flexibly to economic shifts.

Sex-Specific Issues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects approximately 1 in 500 people living in the United States and generally occurs with equal frequency in men and women. However, despite equal sex distribution of the disease, men and women face unique challenges that can significantly impact quality of life. As more is discovered regarding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of IBD, physiologic and psychological differences between men and women with IBD have become increasingly apparent. It is important to understand these differences, as they have the potential to affect patient care and outcomes. This article will review sex-specific issues in IBD, such as impaired body image and sexuality, increased risk of cervical cancer, altered menstrual cycles, reduced fertility, and low bone mineral density.

Hypertension artérielle et risque cardiovasculaire associés au syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil chez l’adulte en Guadeloupe

Background and purposeIn Guadeloupe, data on the relationships between arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea are unavailable. The aim of this study was: to assess the frequency of hypertension and non-dipper pattern evaluated by 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in an adult population identified obstructive sleep apnea/non-obstructive sleep apnea during overnight polygraphy ; to determine the cardio-metabolic factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Design and methodA cross-sectional study was realized at Pointe-à-Pitre Hospital. Patients were referred for suspected sleep apnea to sleep specialist and performed a nocturnal polygraphy. Diagnosis was confirmed if the apnea-hypopnea index was≥5. We obtained two groups: sleep apnea/non-sleep apnea. All patients underwent 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The cardio-metabolic factors were identified and assessed (fasten level of hs-CRP and Homa-IR index). ResultsA total of 204 patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 54±10years, 63% were women. OSA was present in 69.6% with a higher frequency in men than in women. Difference was not significant between the two groups for hypertension frequency (84.5% vs 77%; P=0.22), non-dipper pattern (77.5% vs 76%; P=0.79) and hs-CRP. Differences for age, snoring, body max index, mean waist circumference, Homa-IR index, obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes were significant. ConclusionsOur data highlight raised frequency of cardiovascular metabolic factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and confirm their high cardiovascular risk.

Mise au point et évaluation de l’ExSel Test pour dépister une consommation excessive de sel chez les patients hypertendus

ObjectiveDevelopment of a test to screen excess salt intake (ESI) in hypertensive patients. MethodsHypertensive subjects living in Paris area have been included. A 24-hour urinary sodium collection has been performed the day before the visit for a day hospital. A food diary was completed on the day of the urine collection and validated after an interview with a dietetician. An ESI was defined by a urinary sodium ≥ 200mmol/d. Clinical or food characteristics associated to an ESI were retained for the ExSel Test variables. A ROC curve was performed to determine the optimal score for the ExSel Test in detection of ESI in hypertensive patients. ResultsOne hundred and forty-eight hypertensive patients have been included living in the Île-de-France area. ESI was observed in 19% with a higher frequency in men. Seven major determinants of ESI have been identified and are the questions that constitute the ExSel Test. A positive response assigns points: man (1); BMI > 30 (2); bread 4 or 5 pieces per day (1) or more than 6 pieces; cheese at least 1 time per day (2); charcuterie at least 2 times per week (2); use of processed broth or pilaf (1); food rich in hidden salt (pizza, cheeseburger, quiche, shrimp, potato chips, smoked fish, olive) at least 2 times per week (1). The ROC curve analysis shows that a score of 5 or more has the best Youden index with a sensitivity of 0.63, specificity of 0.95, PPV of 0.75, NPV of 0.92. ConclusionsIn hypertensive subjects, an excessive salt intake can be detected by the realization of the ExSel Test based only on a simple food-questionnaire and some clinical parameters. For a clinical use of the ExSel Test, an electronic version is available on http://www.comitehta.org.

Ejaculate parameters in patients with abdominal obesity

Objective: the definition of association of levels of sex steroid hormones and ejaculate parameters with different types of fat distribution in infertile men with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods. A total of 119 somatically healthy Russian men who contacted Novosibirsk Center of Reproductive Medicine in 2012–2014 with the problem of infertility have been examined. Based on the results of anthropometric surveys all the men were divided into 3 groups. The 1 st group included men with overweight, obesity, and upper type of fat distribution (the ratio of waist circumference (WC) to the hip circumference (HC) ≥ 0.95); the 2 nd group – men with overweight, obesity and lower type of fat distribution (WC/HC < 0.95); the 3 rd group – men with normal body weight. Questionnaires have been completed; determination in serum of concentrations of total testosterone, estradiol, sex hormones binding globulin (SHBG); free testosterone calculated. Special study of ejaculate included semen analysis, sperm morphology assessment by strict criteria of Kruger MAP test, NCA-test, analysis of DNA fragmentation of sperm. Results. In all 3 groups frequency of medical and social risk factors occurrence for infertility were analyzed: sexually transmitted infections, 88 chronic prostatitis, the systematic consumption of alcohol and smoking. It was revealed that these factors occurred with a high, but not significantly different frequency in men of 3 groups: the frequency of sexually transmitted infections in the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd groups was 65.8; 61.0 and 63.2 %; systematic consumption of alcohol – 85.4; 78.1 and 63.2 %; systematic smoking – 36.6; 53.7 and 34.21 %; chronic prostatitis – 68.3; 56.1 and 50.0 % respectively. The average concentrations of sex steroid hormones and SHBG in the serum of men of all groups did not go beyond the reference range. Patients of the 1 st and 2 nd groups had significantly lower concentration of total testosterone in serum compared with the third group, moreover the indicated decline was more pronounced in men of the 1 st group. The content of SHBG in serum was also significantly lower in the 1st and 2 nd groups in relation to the 3 rd group. Comparison of ejaculate indicators revealed significant differences in the 1 st and 2 nd groups of men, differing in the type of fat distribution, in terms of volume of ejaculate, share of progressively motile sperm and DNA fragmentation level. Differences are identified for some indicators of ejaculate between the 1 st and 3 rd groups, but the differences between the 2 nd and 3 rd groups on any indicator are not detected. Conclusion. The revealed differences indicate a negative effect on the ejaculate indicators, particularly of upper type of fat distribution, peculiar to the men of the 1 st group. The obtained results justify the assumption that abdominal obesity with upper type fat distribution is an independent risk factor of male fertility reduction.

Increase in higher risk prostate cancer cases following new screening recommendation by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).

143 Background: In 2011, the USPSTF issued a draft recommendation that PSA not be used for prostate cancer screening in men irrespective of age. Here we present early measures of the potential consequences of this recommendation. Methods: Data on men diagnosed with prostate cancer from January, 2005 through June, 2013 were extracted from the National Oncology Data Alliance (Elekta/IMPAC Medical Systems, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). This proprietary database of merged tumor registries captures newly diagnosed cancer cases at more than 150 hospitals in the United States. Data were available through 2013 compared to 2011 in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). The data in the NODA are identical to the data sent to state tumor registries and SEER in regions that participate in SEER. Date of diagnosis, age, race, T stage, Gleason score, and PSA were collected. Patients were classified into their respective National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk group. Data were available and analyzed for 87,562 men. Frequencies were examined by date of diagnosis, grouped in six-month intervals. Trends were assessed using linear regression. Results: From 2005 to 2011, the percentage of men with PSA&gt;10 decreased gradually. From 2011 to 2013, the percentage increased by 3.0% per year (p&lt;0.0004). The fraction of men with age ≥75 years to present with PSA&gt;10 increased by nearly double the rate for men of all ages from 2011 to 2013. No significant trends in Gleason score were observed; the frequency of men with higher T stages generally decreased over the entire period without a notable change after 2011. The percentage of men with intermediate or higher risk cancer was stable at 70-73% prior to 2011, but rose by 2.9 % per year after 2011 (p&lt;0.003) without evidence of a plateau. Conclusions: The proportion of men diagnosed with intermediate or higher risk cancer increased by nearly 6% from 2011 to 2013. Given an estimated 233,000 new prostate cancers in 2014, approximately 14,000 men per year will shift from low risk into a higher risk disease group. Our findings suggest an increase in the fraction of men diagnosed with higher risk prostate cancer after 2011.

Genetic influences on alcohol-related hangover.

To quantify the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to alcohol hangover. Biometric models were used to partition the variance in hangover phenotypes. A community-based sample of Australian twins. Members of the Australian Twin Registry, Cohort II who reported consuming alcohol in the past year when surveyed in 2004-07 (n = 4496). Telephone interviews assessed participants' frequency of drinking to intoxication and frequency of hangover the day after drinking. Analyses examined three phenotypes: hangover frequency, hangover susceptibility (i.e. residual variance in hangover frequency after accounting for intoxication frequency) and hangover resistance (a dichotomous variable defined as having been intoxicated at least once in the past year with no reported hangovers). Genetic factors accounted for 45% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 37-53%] and 40% (95% CI = 33-48%) of the variation in hangover frequency in men and women, respectively. Most of the genetic variation in hangover frequency overlapped with genetic contributions to intoxication frequency. Genetic influences accounted for 24% (95% CI = 14-35%) and 16% (95% CI = 8-25%) of the residual hangover susceptibility variance in men and women, respectively. Forty-three per cent (95% CI = 22-63%) of the variation in hangover resistance was explained by genetic influences, with no evidence for significant sex differences. There was no evidence for shared environmental influences for any of the hangover phenotypes. Individual differences in the propensity to experience a hangover and of being resistant to hangover at a given level of alcohol use are genetically influenced.

SY19-2 * BRIEF INTERVENTION FOR ALCOHOL PROBLEMS AT COMMUNITY ALCOHOL COUNSELLING CENTER IN KOREA

Alcohol consumption rates of Korean men and women are 85.8% and 65.4%, respectively. In regard to the amount of drinking, the highest frequency in men, was over 10 glasses and in women was 1-2 glasses per day. High risk drinking rate in Korea is 14.9% (male 23.2%, female 4.6%) and it is the high level than US (8.2%) and Japan (11.9%). Alcohol related problems in Korea create a great socioeconomic burden and threaten public health. However, Evidence-based treatments for problematic drinking, such as brief intervention have not been suggested and scientific accumulation of research results on the benefit of brief intervention for problematic drinking in Korea is still insufficient. So we made a evidence-based brief intervention program, SBIRT-AC (Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment for alcohol) for problematic drinker to reduce the alcohol-related problem. We are verifying the effectiveness of SBIRT-AC program now. We hope to provide the evidence for brief intervention for problematic drinker in Korea within a fast date, and we need to develop the strategies that we will spread SBIRT-AC program effectually in Korea. Language: en

Who gets post-concussion syndrome? An emergency department-based prospective analysis.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine who gets post-concussion syndrome (PCS) after mild traumatic brain injury or head injury.MethodsPatients presented within an hour of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, who then provided detailed answers to surveys at the time of injury as well as at 1 week and 1 month follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP 11.0 for the Macintosh.ResultsThe most commonly reported symptoms of PCS at first follow-up were headache (27%), trouble falling asleep (18%), fatigue (17%), difficulty remembering (16%), and dizziness (16%). Furthermore, only 61% of the cohort was driving at 1 week follow-up, compared to 100% prior to the injury.Linear regression analysis revealed the consumption of alcohol prior to head injury, the mechanism of head injury being a result of motor vehicle collision (MVC) or fall, and the presence of a post-injury headache to be significantly associated with developing PCS at 1 week follow-up, while the occurrence of a seizure post-injury or having an alteration in consciousness post-injury was significantly associated with developing PCS at 1 month follow-up. On multivariate regression analysis, the presence of a headache post-injury was the most robust predictor, retaining statistical significance even after controlling for age, gender, and presence of loss of consciousness (LOC), alteration of consciousness (AOC), post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), seizure, or vomiting.ConclusionsThe results of this prospective study suggest that headache right after the head injury, an alteration of consciousness after the head injury, and alcohol consumption prior to the head injury are significant predictors of developing PCS, which occurs with equal frequency in men and women. Early identification of those who are at risk of developing PCS would diminish the burden of the injury and could potentially reduce the number of missed work and school days.

Sex differences in microRNA expression during developmentin rat cortex

There are important sex differences in the risk and outcome of conditions and diseases between males and females. For example, stroke occurs with greater frequency in men than in women across diverse ethnic backgrounds and nationalities. Work from our lab and others have revealed a sex-specific sensitivity to cerebral ischemia whereby males exhibit a larger extent of brain damage following an ischemic event compared to females. Studies suggest that the difference in male and female susceptibility to ischemia may be triggered by innate variations in gene regulation and protein expression between the sexes that are independent of post-natal exposure to sex hormones. We have shown that there are differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression in adult male and female brain following focal cerebral ischemia in mouse cortex. Herein we examine a role for differential expression of miRNAs during development in male and female rat cortex as potential effectors of the phenotype that leads to sex differences to ischemia. Expression studies in male and female cortices isolated from postnatal day 0 (P0), postnatal day 7 (P7), and adult rats using TaqMan Low Density miRNA arrays and NanoString nCounter analysis revealed differential miRNA levels between males and females at each developmental stage. We focused on the miR-200 family of miRNAs that showed higher levels in females at P0, but higher levels in males at P7 that persisted into adulthood, and validated the expression of miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-429 by individual qRT-PCR as these are clustered on chromosome 5 and may be transcriptionally co-regulated. Prediction analysis of the miR-200 miRNAs revealed that genes within the Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor pathway are the most heavily targeted. These studies support that developmental changes in miRNA expression may influence phenotypes in adult brain that underlie sexually dimorphic responses to disease, including ischemia.