Frequency Of Dyslipidemia Research Articles

Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients Presenting with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the developed world with increasing incidence among adults and children, and it is estimated to turn out leading cause for liver transplantation in America by end of this year1 It can present with variety of liver disease from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Purpose of our study is to determine frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease2, although many studies had already been conducted on the same topic but no such study has been performed in our setup for the last many years. This study will give us the latest magnitude of dyslipidemia in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in our setup which will result in timely diagnosis, better management and future recommendations. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients presenting with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Material and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at Gastroenterology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from Ist January 2022 to 31 June 2022. In the current study a total of 124 patients were observed. All the routine investigation, clinical examination and history were taken from the included patients as per hospital protocol. All the patients were subjected to radiology department for ultrasound of abdomen aimed at confirmation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. All radiological examination was done by an expert radiologist (FCPS) having at least 2 years of experience. 5 cc of blood sample was taken from the included patients and was referred to hospital laboratory for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Laboratory investigations were entirely done by expert pathologist (FCPS) having at least two years of experience. Dyslipidemia was considered positive if the lipid levels is other than the normal range in one or more laboratory tests. Results: In this study 22(18%) patients were in age range 18-30 years and 102(82%) patients were in age range 31-60 years. 38(31%) patients were male while 86(69%) patients were female. 33(27%) patients had duration of disease ≤ 5 year and 91(73%) patients had duration of disease > 5 year. 38(31%) patients had BMI ≤ 25 Kg/m2 while 86(69%) patients had BMI >25 Kg/m2. 82(66%) patients were diabetic while 42(34%) patients were not diabetic. 89(72%) patients were hypertensive while 35(28%) patients were not hypertensive. 32(26%) patients had dyslipidemia while 92(74%) patients didn’t had dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Our study concludes that frequency of dyslipidemia was 26% in patients presenting with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Keywords: dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic, fatty liver disease.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Early Clinical Outcome and Stent Restenosis after Carotid Artery Stenting

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is closely related to both the severity of carotid disease and its outcome after revascularization. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical endarterectomy but little is known about the impact of diabetes after CAS. MethodsA consecutive cohort of 1940 patients undergoing CAS in two institutions were divided into two groups, diabetics and non-diabetics and major cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) were analyzed at 30 days post-CAS and at 1 year follow-up. ResultsThere were 730 diabetic patients, with significantly higher BMI, hypertension, chronic dialysis and dyslipidemia frequency (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of early and late MACCEs (composite of transient ischemic attack, major stroke, myocardial infarction and death), with an early rate of 3.5 % non-diabetics vs 5.3 %, p = 0.08 and 2.4 non-diabetics vs 2.3% diabetics, p=0.1 at 12-months. Overall stroke/death rate in the asymptomatic patients was 2.4% and the restenosis rate was higher in the diabetes population (2.3% vs 1%, p = 0.04). Further analysis (inverse probability treatment weighting) showed no difference between the two groups in terms of stent design (restenosis rate for Wallstent 54% vs Roadsaver stent 46%, p=0.1). ConclusionThe presence of diabetes was associated with an acceptable increased periprocedural risk for CAS, but no further additional risk emerged during longer term follow-up. Diabetes may precipitate the rate of early in-stent restenosis.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with high comorbidity of metabolic disorders in obese subjects; a Japanese single-center, retrospective-study

Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays important roles in metabolic functions, especially in adulthood. Additionally, obese subjects are reportedly predisposed to having low absolute IGF-1 levels. However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of obese subjects with low IGF-1 levels are unknown. We examined 64 obese subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, with no history of endocrinological disorders, receiving inpatient care. IGF-1 levels were interpreted based on the IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) clinically used and standardized by age and sex (low IGF-1 group; ≤ − 2.0 SDS and standard IGF-1 group; − 2.0 < and < + 2.0 SDS). Notably, 26.6% of the subjects had low IGF-1. Body fat mass and percentage, but not BMI, were significantly higher in the low than in the standard IGF-1 group. Furthermore, natural log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and the frequencies of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were higher in the low IGF-1 group. Moreover, among the subjects without diabetes, fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in the low IGF-1 group. Stepwise variable selection procedure revealed body fat percentage to be a parameter most strongly associated with low IGF-1. Thus, low IGF-1 levels may be an important marker of adiposity-associated metabolic disorders in obese patients.

Serum zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein and insulin levels and their correlation with metabolic syndrome in patients with rosacea.

Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance may accompany rosacea. Zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine involved in lipid, glucose, and insulin metabolism and might be associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. To investigate the serum ZAG levels, presence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and the correlation between ZAG levels, rosacea severity, and metabolic syndrome in patients with rosacea. Seventy-nine patients with rosacea and 80 healthy volunteers were included. Anthropometric and demographic features, personal and family histories, clinical data, the subtype, severity, and duration of rosacea were recorded. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia were evaluated in both groups. Fasting blood sugar, lipid panel, C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, insulin, and serum ZAG levels were investigated. Frequency of metabolic syndrome, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the rosacea group (p < 0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Frequency of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance did not significantly differ between the groups (p=0.175 and 0.694, respectively). The mean serum ZAG levels were lower in the rosacea group, but no significant difference was evident. In rosacea patients with metabolic syndrome, serum ZAG levels were significantly lower (p=0.043); however, serum ZAG levels, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance values were significantly higher (p=0.168, 0.013 and 0.001, respectively). Metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and high C-reactive protein levels were associated with rosacea indicating chronic systemic inflammation. ZAG levels were associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with rosacea but not associated with rosacea subtype and disease severity.

Metabolically Neutral Obesity: Terminology, Prevalence, And Meaning

Determining the leptin level in patients with abdominal obesity without signs of insulin resistance is necessary for stratifying patients into groups with normal (metabolically neutral obesity) and increased adipokine activity. Objective — To compare the prevalence of metabolic disorders and signs of cardiovascular remodeling in young and middle-aged men with "metabolically healthy" and "metabolically neutral" obesity. Material and methods — observational sample survey of 590 men aged 38.5±5.6 years was conducted. Average body weight was assessed on301 men (the control group). Obesity was determined in 289 patients: among them, the criteria for metabolic syndrome were diagnosed for 134 study participants, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) was diagnosed in 155 men, and 86 patients from MHO with leptin levels &lt;3.5 ng/ml constituted metabolically neutral obesity group. All patients were evaluated by a lipidogram, adipokine, glycemic profiles, and ultrasound examination of the heart and carotid arteries. Results — Criteria for metabolically neutral abdominal obesity in men were determined: weight gain &gt;30 kg/m2 in the presence of no more than two criteria for metabolic syndrome and leptin level &lt;3.5 ng/ml. The metabolically neutral type was characterized by a better lipid profile, which was confirmed by a lower frequency of dyslipidemia (1.7 times); the frequency of prediabetes was 7% and was half as low as in metabolically healthy obesity; atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries was 1.5 times less common in the neutral type of obesity. Conclusion — The selection of a "metabolically neutral" type of obesity is justified since it allows us to determine the stage of the disease at which the frequency of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders is still minimal and non-drug prevention is necessary.

The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in older adults before and during COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundVitamin D is an essential fat-soluble vitamin thought to be associated with chronic diseases, mortality and COVID-19. ObjectiveTo investigate the association between 25(OH) vitamin D levels and mortality of chronic diseases in subjects aged ≥65 years before and during COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsA single-center, retrospective study was performed using the hospital database of subjects aged 65 years and older who had undergone vitamin D measurement between 01.01.2019 and 31.12.2021. All patients with vitamin D measurement (N = 2155) were followed as a cohort from the date of serum vitamin D analysis through death date or 01.01.2022. Age, gender, chronic diseases, survival status, date of death of the deceased, laboratory values including complete blood count, liver/renal functions and 25(OH) vitamin D levels were all noted. Subjects were classified into three groups according to their 25(OH) vitamin D levels; severe deficient group (<10 ng/ml), moderate deficient group (10–19.9 ng/ml), and control group (≥20 ng/ml). ResultsData of 1949 subjects were included in this retrospective analysis and 206 of them (10.6%) had at least two vitamin D measurements. Until the time of data collection (01.01.2022), 94 of the cases had died within the last three years, and only five of them had repeated measurements. While the mean vitamin D level was lower, age and frequency of dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arrhythmia, dementia and severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) were higher in subjectswho died (all p<0.05). According to the Cox proportional hazards model; age, presence of CAD, COPD, arrhythmia, dementia, anemia and severe vitamin D deficiency were independently related with mortality (all p<0.05). After adjusted by age, gender, and comorbidities, the probability of death was found to be 1.91 (95% CI=1.12–3.24) times higher in the severe vitamin D deficient group. ConclusionsThe results of this study have shown that - after having adjusted for potential factors - severe vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) seems to be an independent predictor for non-cancer mortality. Although vitamin D measurement/treatment is very easy and cheap where, on the contrary, severe vitamin D deficiency can be quite mortal.

Comparison of coronary artery calcium score and its determinants in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes, in primary cardiovascular prevention

Background and Aims : Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is a frequent dyslipidemia often associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The magnitude of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk increase in FCH is not clearly established. We used coronary artery calcium score (CAC) as a surrogate of the intensity of coronary atherosclerosis and as a strong predictor of MACE and compared its results in FCH versus T2D (type 2 diabetes) patients (a control group with a well-established high ASCVD risk).

Dyslipidemia - incidence in oncological and cancer-free patients

Background and Aims : Dyslipidemia as a risk factor for stroke has been well established in literature. Many publications worldwide has indicated it's incidence to be different in cacer patients as opposed to the general, cancer-free population. Our study aimed to prove the frequency of dyslipidemia in cancer patients with acute stroke, compared to stroke patients without underlying cancer.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Early Clinical Outcome and Stent Restenosis after Carotid Artery Stenting.

Background Diabetes mellitus is closely related to both the severity of carotid disease and its outcome after revascularization. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical endarterectomy but little is known about the impact of diabetes after CAS. Methods A consecutive cohort of 1940 patients undergoing CAS in two institutions was divided into two groups, diabetics and nondiabetics, and major cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) were analyzed at 30 days post-CAS and at 1 year follow-up. Results There were 730 patients with diabetes, with significantly higher BMI, hypertension, chronic dialysis, and dyslipidemia frequency (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of early and late MACCEs (composite of transient ischemic attack, major stroke, myocardial infarction, and death), with an early rate of 3.5% nondiabetics vs. 5.3%, p = 0.08 and 2.4 nondiabetics vs. 2.3% diabetics, p = 0.1 at 12 months. Overall stroke/death rate in the asymptomatic patients was 2.4%, and the restenosis rate was higher in the diabetes population (2.3% vs. 1%, p = 0.04). Conclusion The presence of diabetes was associated with an acceptable increased periprocedural risk for CAS, but no further additional risk emerged during longer term follow-up. Diabetes may precipitate the rate of early in-stent restenosis.

Higher systemic inflammatory status and cardiovascular risk associated with Charcot arthropathy unrelated to infection or extremity amputation.

People with diabetes and Charcot arthropathy have higher mortality than people with diabetes without this complication. Are the causes of this higher mortality exclusively infectious or of a cardiovascular origin? We aimed to study aspects related to cardiovascular risk and inflammation in a population of people with type 2 diabetes with and without Charcot arthropathy. A cross-sectional study was performed in people with diabetes and Charcot Eickenholtz III arthropathy, matched for sex and age, with two groups of people with diabetes without Charcot arthropathy with and without peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy, in the absence of active infection. All participants underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation at the time of the interview, and their cardiovascular risk was calculated according to the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) calculator. We evaluated 69 people with type 2 diabetes (21 with Charcot arthropathy, 24 with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and 24 without this neuropathy), with a mean age between 57 and 61years and with a diabetes duration of more than 10years. Patients with Charcot arthropathy had a longer duration of diabetes; more frequency of dyslipidemia; and higher levels of uric acid, microalbuminuria and C-reactive protein than the other two groups. A total of 73.9% of the people evaluated had high or very high cardiovascular risk according to the UKPDS score. The people with type 2 diabetes presenting Charcot arthropathy had greater values of systemic inflammatory parameters, even in the chronic phase of the complication, with a higher risk of mortality unrelated to infections.

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Single-Center Prospective Study From Pakistan.

BackgroundStroke is a debilitating condition that adds morbidity to the patient and is an economic burden to society. Several modifiable risk factors can be identified and controlled, and dyslipidemia is one such under-diagnosed and least reported risk factor in Pakistan. We aimed to conduct this study to determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients.MethodologyWe conducted a prospective cross-sectional study for seven months at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, from November 2020 to May 2021. One hundred four patients were enrolled as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. After informed consent, a blood sample was taken from the patients and sent to a laboratory to determine dyslipidemia. Demographic details, history, and co-morbidities were also noted on a performa. All the collected data were analyzed in SPSS 20.0.ResultsThe mean age was 53.09 ± 12.51 years. Of 104 patients, 60 (57.69%) were male, and 44 (42.31%) were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean duration of disease in our study was 5.77 ± 3.33 hours. The mean BMI was 27.54 ± 3.03 kg/m2. In our study, the frequency of dyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients was 39.42% (41 patients). ConclusionThis study concluded that dyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients is very high in the Pakistani population. This highlighted the need to control this modifiable risk factor in the population. Strategic measures, including pharmacological therapy and diet modification, should be adopted, and awareness about the disease burden, control, and importance should be spread.

Elevated Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Is Associated With Intracranial Atherosclerosis.

BackgroundLipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an inflammatory factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque and is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Whether Lp-PLA2 is associated with stenosis subtypes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been investigated.MethodsA total of 126 eligible AIS patients were divided into four groups: (1) no cerebral artery stenosis (NCS); (2) intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS); (3) extracranial artery stenosis (ECAS); and (4) combined intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis (IECS). Associations between serum Lp-PLA2 levels and the stenosis subtypes were assessed.ResultsThe ICAS group had a lower frequency of dyslipidemia as compared to the NCS group and the IECS group (35.3% vs. 70% vs. 71.8%, respectively, p = 0.001) and was more likely to be symptomatic than the ECAS group (76.5% vs. 43.8%, respectively, p = 0.014). Lp-PLA2 levels in the ICAS group were 112.2 ± 66.8 μg/L which are, higher than those in the NCS, ECAS, and IECS groups (81.7 ± 38.5, 106.1 ± 57.8, 89.3 ± 52.2 μg/L, respectively, p = 0.025). In the third and fourth quartiles of Lp-PLA2 levels, stenosis had occurred more frequently in the ICAS group than in the other three groups (third Q: 50.0% vs. 3.1% vs. 28.1% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.002; fourth Q: 48.4% vs. 16.1% vs. 25.8% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.014). Lp-PLA2 levels were higher in patients with more or severe stenosis in the ICAS group.ConclusionsElevated Lp-PLA2 levels were differentially associated with increased risk in AIS patients with ICAS compared to those with ECAS or no stenosis. Lp-PLA2 may be a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target for ICAS.

Dyslipidaemia Among Bangladeshi Children and Adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes: An Observational Study

Introduction: Dyslipidemia increases the frequency and severity of micro and macrovascular complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D).&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the frequency of dyslipidaemia and its association with other risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A total of 397 Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients aged 10-18 years who attended, Paediatric diabetes clinic in BIRDEM over one year period were included in this study.&#x0D; Results: The overall frequency of dyslipidaemia was 63.5% and median duration of diabetes was 3.0[2.0- 5.0 years]. The High LDL was most cmmmon dyslipidaemia (81%) in our study population. FBS was significantly higher 12.8[10.0-15.5] vs 10.8[7.7- 12.6] (p&lt;0.0001)) and higher median HbA1c 9.9 [8.5-11.9] vs 9.0[7.9-10.5] (p&lt;0.0001)) was found in dyslipidaemic patients. Median systolic blood pressure was higher (110 vs100) in dyslipidaemic patients ( p =.042).&#x0D; Conclusion: The frequency of dyslipidemia was high among the children and adolescents with T1DM which was associated with poor glycaemic control. Our results provide strong support for prior literature in emphasizing the importance of good glycemic control, to reduce the risk of dyslipidaemia.&#x0D; BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (2) : 79-82

Frequency of Dyslipidemia and Associated Risk Factors Among Obese Children and Adolescents in Turkey

Background: The chronic inflammatory state that occurs in obesity causes metabolic complications such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, and cardiovascular disorder. Dyslipidemia secondary to obesity, which is an important cause of morbidity, is a worldwide concern. Dyslipidemia has an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in obese children and adolescents. Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study included 1,136 obese patients. Fasting lipid, liver transaminases, glucose, and insulin levels were measured, and ultrasound scans (US) were performed. Other clinical assessments included waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans and striae. Results: Dyslipidemia was present in 644 (56.7%) cases. Puberty, high body mass index (BMI), increased waist-hip ratio, increased homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high uric acid, and acanthosis nigricans were found to be risk factors for dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in obese children was high and increased with puberty. Therefore, obese children and adolescents should be closely monitored for dyslipidemia that predisposes them to adolescent CVD.

A Pattern of Lipid Profile Among Saudi Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: Dyslipidemia is prevalent in adults living with type 1 diabetes, and it can worsen the presentation of microvascular complications such as retinopathy. This study aims to identify the pattern coupled with the frequency of dyslipidemia in diabetic adults who followed up at different clinics in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, and evaluate the associations with demographic and clinical characteristics.Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective chart review study of 514 adults with type 1 diabetes was conducted in a tertiary health care facility in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Demographics were retrieved by using the implemented electronic medical records. Fasting lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were checked for all subjects.Results: Five hundred and fourteen (514) subjects aged 18-65 years were studied (mean age: 26.1 ± 7.1 years). There were 318 (62%) females in the sample, and their mean age was significantly different from the mean age of males (p = 0.01). The mean duration of having diabetes was 12.8 ± 6.9 years. The prevalence of lipid abnormalities included abnormal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (70%), hypercholesterolemia (23%), abnormal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (8%), and hypertriglyceridemia (5%). Abnormal HDL was significantly higher in males than in females (p=<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of other lipid abnormalities between the two genders and the age group < or ≥ 25 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of the tested lipids levels between the two genders. One hundred and forty-three (143) (27.8%) patients had more than one abnormal lipid condition. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean HbA1c between males and females (p=0.001). Otherwise, there was no significant association of lipid abnormalities with gender, age, diabetes duration, and weight.Conclusion: The most prevalent lipid abnormality was high LDL cholesterol. Nearly a third of the tested individuals had more than one lipid abnormality. Furthermore, poor glycemic control was linked to abnormal lipid profiles. Consequently, local programs must aim to screen and intervene early to delay and prevent future severe vascular complications related to non-treated dyslipidemia.

A Study on the Dyslipidemia in Type II Diabetic Patients with and without Microalbuminuria

Objective: To record the rate of microalbuminuria in cases with type II diabetic mellitus and to record the frequency of dyslipidemia in cases with microalbumina and without it. Methodology: This study was conducted at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan from July 2021 to December 2021 a total of 80 cases with type-II diabetes mellitus, between 35-70 years of age of either gender was enrolled whereas those having microalbuminuria, increased levels of serum creatinine with the history of CVD, UTI and pregnant females were excluded. Blood samples in a disposable syringe were obtained to determine microalbuminuria and with 12 hours fasting time for evaluation of hyper triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C in positive and negative cases of microalbuminuria. Results: In this study, 35%(n=30) were between 35-50 years of age whereas 45%(n=50) were between 51-70 years of age, Mean+SD was calculated as 55.43+7.66 years, male cases were 48%(n=48) whereas 32%(n=32) were females. Presence of microalbuminuria was recorded in 29%(n=25). Comparison for presence of dyslipidemia in diabetic cases with and without microalbuminuria shows that 91.8%(n=27) in microalbuminuria and 57.13%(n=32) in cases without it had hypertriglyceridemia, p value was 0.0009, increased LDL-C was recorded in 84.19%(n=25) in microalbuminuria group whereas 59.95%(n=44) had in cases without microalbuminuria, p value was 0.017, decreased DHL-C level were recorded in 80.74%(n=24) in microalbuminuria group and 72.63%(n=53) without it, p value was 0.38. Conclusion: The rate of microalbuminuria in cases with type II diabetes is not uncommon while these cases had higher risk of dyslipidemia when compared to those without it. Keywords: Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Microalbuminuria Dyslipidemia

Body mass index is superior to other body adiposity indexes in predicting incident hypertension in a highly admixed sample after 10-year follow-up: The Baependi Heart Study.

Hypertension is the leading cause of overall mortality in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In Brazil, there is paucity of data on the determinants of incident hypertension and related risk factors. We aimed to determine the incidence of hypertension in a sample from the Brazilian population and investigate possible relationships with body adiposity indexes. We assessed risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, including adiposity body indexes and biochemical analysis, in a sample from the Baependi Heart Study before and after a 10‐year follow‐up. Hypertension was defined by the presence of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive drugs. From an initial sample of 1693 participants, 498 (56% women; mean age 38 ± 13 years) were eligible to be included. The overall hypertension incidence was 24.3% (22.3% in men and 25.6% in women). Persons who developed hypertension had higher prevalence of obesity, higher levels for blood pressure, higher frequency of dyslipidemia, and higher body adiposity indexes at baseline. The best prediction model for incident hypertension includes age, sex, HDL‐c, SBP, and Body Mass Index (BMI) [AUC = 0.823, OR = 1.58 (95% CI 1.23‐2.04)]. BMI was superior in its predictive capacity when compared to Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). Incident hypertension in a sample from the Brazilian population was 24.3% after 10‐year follow‐up and BMI, albeit the simpler index to be calculated, is the best anthropometric index to predict incident hypertension.

A community based cross sectional study on the prevalence of dyslipidemias and 10\xa0years cardiovascular risk scores in adults in Asmara, Eritrea

Despite the contribution of dyslipidemia to the high and rising burden of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa; the condition is under-diagnosed, under-treated, and under-described. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of dyslipidemias, estimate a 10-year cardiovascular disease risk and associated factors in adults (≥ 35 to ≤ 85 years) living in Asmara, Eritrea. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals without overt CVDs in Asmara, Eritrea, from October 2020 to November 2020. After stratified multistage sampling, a total of 386 (144 (37%) males and 242 (63%) females, mean age ± SD, 52.17 ± 13.29 years) respondents were randomly selected. The WHO NCD STEPS instrument version 3.1 questionnaire was used to collect data. Information on socio-demographic variables was collected via interviews by trained data collectors. Measurements/or analyses including anthropometric, lipid panel, fasting plasma glucose, and blood pressure were also undertaken. Finally, data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). All p-values were 2-sided and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses. The frequency of dyslipidemia in this population was disproportionately high (87.4%) with the worst affected subgroup in the 51–60 age band. Further, 98% of the study participants were not aware of their diagnosis. In terms of individual lipid markers, the proportions were as follows: low HDL-C (55.2%); high TC (49.7%); high LDL (44.8%); high TG (38.1%). The mean ± SD, for HDL-C, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG were 45.28 ± 9.60; 205.24 ± 45.77; 130.77 ± 36.15; 160.22 ± 42.09 and 144.5 ± 61.26 mg/dL, respectively. Regarding NCEP ATP III risk criteria, 17.6%, 19.4%, 16.3%, 19.7%, and 54.7% were in high or very high-risk categories for TC, Non-HDL-C, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C, respectively. Among all respondents, 59.6% had mixed dyslipidemias with TC + TG + LDL-C dominating. In addition, 27.3%, 28.04%, 23.0%, and 8.6% had abnormalities in 1, 2, 3 and 4 lipid abnormalities, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression modeling suggested that dyslipidemia was lower in subjects who were employed (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.97, p = 0.015); self-employed (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17–1.00, p = 0.018); and married (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.19–4.66, p = 0.009). A higher likelihood of dyslipidemia was also associated with increasing DBP (aOR 1.04 mmHg (1.00–1.09, p = 0.001) and increasing FPG (aOR 1.02 per 1 mg/dL, 95% CI 1.00–1.05, p = 0.001). Separately, Framingham CVD Risk score estimates suggested that 12.7% and 2.8% were at 10 years CVD high risk or very high-risk strata. High frequency of poor lipid health may be a prominent contributor to the high burden of atherosclerotic CVDs—related mortality and morbidity in Asmara, Eritrea. Consequently, efforts directed at early detection, and evidence-based interventions are warranted. The low awareness rate also points at education within the population as a possible intervention pathway.

Frequency of Dyslipidemia among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Thrice Weekly Maintenance Hemodialysis

Background: Serum lipid abnormalities are strongly related to cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality. The most common dyslipidemia among dialysis patients is low HDL followed by hypertriglyceridemia. Total cholesterol and LDL levels are normal. Dyslipidaemia in end-stage renal disease is multifactorial in addition to abnormalities in lipid metabolism, malnutrition, inflammation, low albumin, and inadequate hemodialysis also contribute to premature atherosclerosis. That’s why treatment of dyslipidemia in hemodialysis patients should be individualized. Objective: To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia among patients of end-stage renal disease on thrice-weekly hemodialysis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Dialysis Unit, Department of Nephrology Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 1s9th March 2021, to 18th September 2021 Methodology: Seventy two patients having maintenance HD at our center were enrolled. The data included the patient's name, age, gender, duration of maintenance hemodialysis, BMI, HTN, DM, IHD, and smoking status. Fasting lipid samples of patients were collected in serum vials and samples were analyzed in the major laboratory for any lipid abnormality. Results: Forty four (61.1%) patients have dyslipidemia among which 27 (61.4%) were males and 17 (38.6%) were females. The mean age was 47.5±11.5 years. The most common lipid abnormality in our patients was low HDL levels i.e., 56.8% followed by hypertriglyceridemia 6.9%. Total cholesterol and LDL levels are normal in 98% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of dyslipidemia among patients of thrice-weekly maintenance hemodialysis is 61.1%. Low HDL is the most common lipid abnormality followed by hypertriglyceridemia 56.8% and 6.9% respectively. Key words: Dyslipidemia, End-stage renal disease (ESRD), Hemodialysis

Correlation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Serum Lipid Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: We conducted this study among people with type 2 diabetes to see if 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and serum lipid levels correlate. Study Design: Retrospective/ Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: THQ Hospital Khairpur Tamewali, Bahawalpur. Jun 2021-Dec 2021 Methods: In this study, a total of 140 people with type-2 diabetes were examined. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 85 years. Detailed demographics, including age, sex, BMI, literacy, and occupation, were obtained from all patients with signed consent. Blood samples were obtained from each patient and sent to a facility to be analyzed. HbA1c and cholesterol levels were also tested. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence technique. The lipid panel was measured using an automated analyzer utilizing enzymatic techniques. SPSS 24.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: There were 80 (57.1%) males and 60 (42.9%) female patients in this study. Mean age of the patients was 49.12±3.61 years with mean BMI 27.11±8.44 kg/m2. 65 (46.4%) cases were literate and majority of the patients were job holders in factories 82 (58.6%). Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was found among 100 (71.4%) cases. Frequency of dyslipidemia was found among 108 (77.1%) patients. We found mean cholesterol level was 184.11±6.67 (mg/dl), mean HDL among patients were 45.16±5.53 mg/dl, mean triglyceride was 148.9±4.71 mg/dl, mean LDL among patients was 102.6±7.31 mg/dl and mean vitamin D deficiency among patients was 24.13±9.76 mg/dl. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it is possible that vitamin D deficiency has an impact on dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.