Frequency Of Dyslipidemia Research Articles

Lipid Profile in Relation to Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Children and Adolescents in Bangladesh.

Introduction:Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are metabolic abnormalities commonly found in young patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and both increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.Methods:This cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the pattern of dyslipidemia and its relationship with other risk factors in children and adolescents with T1DM. A total of 576 T1DM patients aged 10–18 years who attended Changing Diabetes in Children, a pediatric diabetes clinic in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders over 1 year period from July 2015 to June 2016 were included in this study.Results:The overall frequency of dyslipidemia was 65%. The high triglyceride, high cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high-density lipoprotein were found in 50%, 66%, 75%, and 48%, respectively. Compared to patients without dyslipidemia, patients with dyslipidemia had significantly lower mean body mass index (kg/m2) (18.4 [interquartile range; 16.2–21.4] vs. 19.5 [17.3–21.5] (P = 0.005)); significantly higher median fasting blood sugar (12.7 [9.9–15.2] vs. 10.6 [7.9–12.6] (P < 0.0001)) and higher median glycosylated hemoglobin (9.8 [8.4–11.8] vs. 7.9 [9.3–10.5] (P < 0.0001)). Hypertension was significantly higher in dyslipidemic patients (9.4% vs. 2.5% P < 0.002).Conclusion:More than half (65%) of our children and adolescents with T1DM had dyslipidemia, among them high LDL was the most common. These findings emphasize the screening of lipid profile in T1DM children and adolescents.

A second peak highlighted by daily hs-T-Troponin and high CRP dosage conspire to microvascular occlusion on MRI after reperfused myocardial infarction

Micro-vascular occlusion (MVO) in myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and mortality. Our team found that T hs-Troponin has a double peak kinetic after MI. The goal was to determine if this kinetic was correlated to microvascular occlusion evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after myocardial infarction. This is a monocentric retrospective study. The inclusion criterions were: hospitalization for myocardial infarction, a 0 or 1 TIMI flow, a reperfusion within 12 h from the onset of chest pain, a cardiac MRI within the first month after MI, and a 5 days’ biological follow up with at least hs-T-Troponin and CRP. Statistics were performed using the R software. MRI analysis was blinded to biological analysis. Ninety-eight patients were included (82.6% of male, a mean age of 58.9 y.o, 25.6% of diabetes mellitus, 65.3% of dyslipidemia and 50.8% of hypertension). The mean delay from chest pain to angioplasty was 3.5 hours. MI were mostly anterior STEMIs (69.4%). A total of 54.1% of the patients had MVO at MRI. These patients had more frequent dyslipidemia ( P = 0.006), lower LVEF on MRI (41.8% (10.0%) vs. 53.5% (11.7%), P < 0.0001) in comparison to the patients without MVO. A second peak was more frequently observed (75.0% vs. 51.0%) in case of MVO ( P = 0.048 in multivariate analysis adjusted on the necrosis extension evaluated by MRI). Interestingly high C reactive protein was associated with NR ( P < 0.0001) and this effect was persistent after adjustment on necrosis size ( P = 0.015). When patients had persistent ST elevation after admission in ICU, high CRP (more than 40 usi) and a second pic of T-troponin, MVO was found in 93.7% of the patients ( P = 0.015 in multivariate analysis) ( Fig. 1 ). A second peak highlighted by daily hs-T-Troponin dosage was associated to MVO on MRI after reperfused myocardial infarction in our population. Prospective study in larger population is needed to confirm this observation.

Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Patients with Cherry Angioma: A Case-Control Study in Guilan, Iran.

Background Cherry angioma is the most common type of acquired cutaneous vascular proliferation which would increase with aging due to some angiogenic factors but the exact pathogenesis is unknown. Usually angiogenic factors are synthesized in human body to compensate occlusive effects of atherogenic agents such as serum lipids. Our hypothesis was that increased levels of these angiogenic factors could be a trigger for development of cherry angioma. This study has been designed to compare frequency of dyslipidemia in subjects with and without cutaneous cherry angioma. Methods In this case-control study, 122 cases with cherry angioma and 122 control subjects without cherry angioma were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, number of the cherry angioma lesions, and serum lipid profile were collected for all subjects. The data was analyzed using SPSS 18 software. Results Mean levels of the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were higher in patients with cherry angioma compared to control subjects in which differences were significant for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride (P < 0.05) but not for high-density lipoprotein level. Conclusion Serum lipids may have a role in producing angiogenic factors and development of cherry angioma and it seems logical to evaluate lipid profile in these cases.

English

Background: Lipid lowering therapy in documented Coronary artery diseaseis considered secondary prevention and lipid levels have significant influence on CAD Deathrates. Objectives: To find out the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients of ischemic heart diseasepatients and to compare the results with international studies. Study Design: A descriptive caseseries study was carried out. Setting: The study was done in Medical Unit-II and CCU of AlliedHospital Faisalabad. For 6 months from 15march 2016 to 15 September 2016. Subjects: 50patients diagnosed to have angina pectoris and ischemic heart disease patients were included.and all 50 Patients were on routine diet and were asked not to take anything overnight. Bloodsample (5cc) was taken in all 50 patients with overnight fasting and blood sample were sent toAllied Hospital Laboratory immediately for analysis of (Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL andHDL). Reagents used were those of: “Merck Diagnostia Germany” Triglycerides were measuredby ready to use reagent-using enzymatic splitting with lipoprotein lipase and quinoneimine asindicator. Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured by “CHOD PAP METHOD” using readyto use reagents. Methods: Diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical examination andECG findings. The history included chest pain, palpitation, sweating and shortness of breath.Ischemic heart disease patients’. ECG criteria were ST segment depression, T-wave flatteningand inversion. All patients were subjected to fasting lipid profile. Results: Out of 50 patients,30 were males and 20 were females. The frequency of dyslipidemia was 60% in patients ofangina pectoris and ischemic heart disease patients. Triglycerides were elevated in 56 %. Malewere 40% and females 16% and P value regarding gender distribution was 0.063; significantone indicating that there is a definitive relation between gender and hypertriglyceridemia. Totalcholesterol was elevated in 20%. Males were 12% and females were 8%. And P value regardingsex distribution was 1.00. LDL was elevated in only 4%. HDL was also elevated in 4% of thecases. Conclusion: Present study concluded that dyslipidemia is common in angina pectorisand ischemic heart disease patients especially males and all patients of angina pectoris must bescreened for dyslipidemia as early as possible and should be treated aggressively to minimizethe risk of further complication of angina pectoris.

FREQUENCY OF DISLIPIDEMIA.

Background: Lipid lowering therapy in documented Coronary artery diseaseis considered secondary prevention and lipid levels have significant influence on CAD Deathrates. Objectives: To find out the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients of ischemic heart diseasepatients and to compare the results with international studies. Study Design: A descriptive caseseries study was carried out. Setting: The study was done in Medical Unit-II and CCU of AlliedHospital Faisalabad. For 6 months from 15march 2016 to 15 September 2016. Subjects: 50patients diagnosed to have angina pectoris and ischemic heart disease patients were included.and all 50 Patients were on routine diet and were asked not to take anything overnight. Bloodsample (5cc) was taken in all 50 patients with overnight fasting and blood sample were sent toAllied Hospital Laboratory immediately for analysis of (Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL andHDL). Reagents used were those of: “Merck Diagnostia Germany” Triglycerides were measuredby ready to use reagent-using enzymatic splitting with lipoprotein lipase and quinoneimine asindicator. Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were measured by “CHOD PAP METHOD” using readyto use reagents. Methods: Diagnosis was made on the basis of history, clinical examination andECG findings. The history included chest pain, palpitation, sweating and shortness of breath.Ischemic heart disease patients’. ECG criteria were ST segment depression, T-wave flatteningand inversion. All patients were subjected to fasting lipid profile. Results: Out of 50 patients,30 were males and 20 were females. The frequency of dyslipidemia was 60% in patients ofangina pectoris and ischemic heart disease patients. Triglycerides were elevated in 56 %. Malewere 40% and females 16% and P value regarding gender distribution was 0.063; significantone indicating that there is a definitive relation between gender and hypertriglyceridemia. Totalcholesterol was elevated in 20%. Males were 12% and females were 8%. And P value regardingsex distribution was 1.00. LDL was elevated in only 4%. HDL was also elevated in 4% of thecases. Conclusion: Present study concluded that dyslipidemia is common in angina pectorisand ischemic heart disease patients especially males and all patients of angina pectoris must bescreened for dyslipidemia as early as possible and should be treated aggressively to minimizethe risk of further complication of angina pectoris.

IMPACT OF SMOKING STATUS ON SHORT TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF DRUG ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Objective: To evaluate the impact of smoking status on short-term clinicaloutcomes of Drug Eluting Stents (DES) in patients with stable coronary arterydisease. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Department ofCardiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from April 2011 to July 2012. Itincluded all patients with stable coronary disease undergoing DES implantation.Smoking status was assessed on the basis of information obtained from hospitalmedical records at the time of first medical examination and rechecked bytelephone interview. All patients were classified as non-smokers and smokers.Clinical outcomes (Myocardial infarction [MI], unstable angina [UA], and positiveETT) at three months stratified by smoking status were measured in patients whoreceived DES for coronary artery lesions. All patients were followed andreassessed after 3 months from the index procedure. Exercise Tolerance Test(ETT) was performed on every patient and recorded on proforma. Data analysiswas done using SPSS version 16. Result: A total of 376 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was57±9.313 years. Males were 271(72.1%). Among 376 patients who werefollowed up, 70 of them were smokers (18.6%) at the index procedure, 306patients (81.4%) were non-smokers. The frequency of dyslipidemia and diabetesmellitus was higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. Mean stent lengthin smokers was 27.824±6.23mm as compared to 26.592±4.73mm in nonsmokers.Mean stent diameter was 2.91±0.347mm in smoker group while itwas 3.01±0.141mm in non-smoker group. Most of the patients in both groupsunderwent DES implantation to LAD and LCx arteries. There were significantlyhigher rates of myocardial infarction (7.1% vs 2%, p<0.036),unstable angina(22.9% vs 3.3%, p<0.001) and positive ETT (30% vs 5.2%, p<0.001) in thesmoker group as compared to non-smoker group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that smokers treated with DESexperience higher rates of myocardial infarction, unstable angina and positiveETT at three months as compared to non-smokers, particularly in the setting ofstable coronary artery disease. Key Words: Smokers, Coronary artery disease, Drug eluting stent

Public and Private Hospital Care Disparities of Ischemic Stroke in Mexico: Results from the Primer Registro Mexicano de Isquemia Cerebral (PREMIER) Study

Mortality and bad outcome by stroke are higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries. Health-care system efficiency could explain these disparities. Our objective was to identify the impact on short- and middle-term outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among public and private Mexican medical care. We analyzed data from patients with AIS included in the Primer Registro Mexicano de Isquemia Cerebral (PREMIER) study. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and ambulatory patients were excluded. Mortality and good outcome were assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and analyzed at 1, 3, and 12 months of follow-up. From 1246 patients with AIS included in the registry, 1123 were hospitalized, either in public (n = 881) or in private (n = 242) hospitals. There were no significant differences regarding age and gender. In private settings, patients had a higher educational level, a major frequency of dyslipidemia, a previous stroke and TIA, less overweight and obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes; stroke severity, the rate of systemic complications, the length of stay, and in-hospital mortality were also lower; a major frequency of thrombolysis was observed when compared with public hospitals. Our study showed a better outcome (mRS score ≤2) in private scenarios and a higher mortality in patients treated in public hospitals at short- and middle-term follow-ups. A polarized medical practice was observed in the AIS care in this large multicenter cohort of Mexico. There is evidence of an advantage for private scenarios, possibly related with an optimal infrastructure or with a strong patient's economic status.

ILLITERACY AND DYSLIPIDEMIA: RISK FACTORS FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE, BUT MARKERS OF BETTER CLINICAL EVOLUTION?

Illiteracy is a risk factor for the occurrence of dementia and is associated with a lower cognitive reserve, but patients with a higher educational level tend to have a faster cognitive decline. One hundred and fort three patients with Alzheimer Disease an outpatient clinic of cognitive disorders in the northeastern region of Brazil were followed retrospectively. All patients were a follow-up at least 1 year. Patients who presented stability or increase in the MMSE score between the first and last visit were considered good responders. Student T test, Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square were used to compare good response and the group without good. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors of good response. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 73.4(±7.2) years, with a predominance of females of 99 (69.2%). The illiteracy rate was 25.9% (37) and 63% (90) had less than 4 years of study. The mean initial MMSE was 15.3(±5.6) points. The mean follow-up of the patients was 29.96 (±16.2) months and the mean last MMSE was 12.79 (±6.5) points. During this follow-up period, 39 patients (27.3%) had a good response to treatment. There was no difference between good and no responders according to age and follow-up time, but there was a tendency to lower initial MMSE 14.4(±4.8) x 16.4(±5.8) (p = 0.07) and lower initial score in Pfeffer scale 16.5(±8.2) x 20, 68(±8) (p = 0.05). There was a higher frequency of dyslipidemia 62.16 x 36.14 (p = 0.01) and illiteracy 51.42% x 21.11 (p = 0.02) in good responders. The presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in follow up was more frequent in non responders (69.9% x 50%) p = 0.046. In the logistic regression, only illiteracy (OR 5.23 CI 1.87–14.77) and dyslipidemia (OR 4.53 CI 1.75–11.73) had an association with good prognosis. Illiteracy and dyslipidemia were associated with good evolution in a group of patients with AD and low educational level.

High frequency of dyslipidemia in VIH-infected patients in aa peruvian public hospital

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of dyslipidemia in patients with HIV in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a Peruvian public hospital. A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with complete lipid profile after receiving at least six months of HAART. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the criteria of the NCEP-ATP III. We reviewed 2 975 clinical histories, and included 538 (18.1%) in the analysis. The frequency of dyslipidemia was 74.7%. HAART regimens which include protease inhibitors (PI) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22; confidence interval at 95% [CI 95%]: 1.11-1.33) and to be older than 40 years (OR: 1.17; CI 95%: 1.05-1.28) were associated with dyslipidemia, adjusted by viral load, CD4 lymphocyte level and gender. In conclusion, dyslipidemia was very common in our sample and was mainly associated with the use of PI. It is necessary to promote the dyslipidemia control as part of the comprehensive care of the patient with HIV.

Role of Diabetic Dyslipidemia on Coronary Atherosclerotic Severity in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Aims: To evaluate the association of coronary atherosclerotic severity in diabetic dyslipidemic patients of acute coronary syndrome.Methods: This was a cross sectional comparative analytical study, done in the Department of Cardiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital and Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital &amp; Research Institute, Dhaka, during September 2009 to August 2010.Results: Most of the patients (57.5%) were in the age range of 40-70 years. Atherosclerotic severity in diabetic ACS patients was significantly higher with low HDL, high TC/HDL and high LDL/HDL ratio. Low HDL, high TC/HDL and high LDL/HDL ratio are indicators of the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. More frequent dyslipidemia in diabetic ACS patients were low HDL and it was about 54%.Conclusion: Atherosclerotic severity in diabetic acute coronary syndrome patients was significantly more in dyslipidemic group than non dyslipidemic group.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2016; 31(2) : 65-69

Association between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents.

Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease. We aimed to determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risks in obese children. The studied children were selected from obese children who were followed up at obesity clinic, aged 6-17 years. Basic demographic information and laboratory data were collected retrospectively from hospital records. A total of 310 students (178 [57.4%] girls) were evaluated for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) levels in late winter/spring. The prevalence rates of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were 62.3%, 34.5%, and 3.2%, respectively. Insulin resistance was observed in 146 (47.1%) children; the frequencies of dyslipidemia and hypertension were 31% and 19.4%, respectively. The mean atherogenic dyslipidemia ratio was higher in the deficient group (p = 0.049). Inverse correlations of 25(OH) D levels were observed with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values (r = -0.146, p = 0.010). The mean values of 25(OH) D (ng/mL) were lower in girls (12.15 ± 6.60) than in boys (16.48 ± 8.69) (p < 0.05) and in children with hypertension (11.92 ± 5.48) than in those without (14.50 ± 8.24) (p < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency is observed more frequently than expected in obese children and adolescents. Our findings indicate that low 25(OH) D levels are associated with insulin resistance. Vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the morbidities associated with childhood obesity, such as insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus, increased cardiovascular/cardiometabolic risks, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hypertension.

Frequency of Dyslipidemia in patients with Lupus Nephritis.

Objective:To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with lupus nephritis and its association with the degree of proteinuria.Methods:This cross-sectional analytic study included 65 patients who fulfilled the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria for SLE and had renal involvement, presenting to the Division of Rheumatology, Fatima Memorial Hospital (FMH), and Lahore from 21st Sep 2016 to 20th Dec 2016. After 12 hours overnight fast their blood samples were assessed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Patient demographic variables (age, sex) and disease characteristics (disease duration, degree of proteinuria, steroid dose) were noted. Patients were categorized into two groups on the basis of degree of proteinuria: having proteinuria >1gm or ≤ 1gm. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Individual lipid profiles were correlated with the degree of proteinuria.Results:Most common lipid abnormality found in our study was hypertriglyceridemia (58.5%). Total Cholesterol and LDL-C was high in 55.4% and 30.8% subjects respectively. Low HDL was found in 21.5% subjects. Increased frequency of dyslipidemia was noticed in those subjects who had proteinuria >1gm (P value < 0.05).Conclusion:Dyslipidemia was observed in a high frequency in patients with lupus nephritis and was strongly associated with their degree of proteinuria.

High frequency of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with Down Syndrome

To describe the frequency of dyslipidemia in a population of Chilean children and adolescents with DS. Retrospective study, including patients with DS, aged 2 to 18 years, who participated in a special health care program for people with DS in Health Net UC CHRISTUS, between 2007 and 2015. Patients who had a lipid profile between their routine laboratory tests were included. Clinical characteristics, relevant comorbidities, malformations, medications, nutritional status and pubertal development were obtained from medical records. Diagnosis of dyslipidemia was considered according to the criteria of the NHLBI 2011. The medical records of 218 children with DS were revised, 58,3% had some type of dyslipidemia. The most frequent single dyslipidemias were low HDL Chol (15,1%) and hypertriglyceridemia (12,8%). Atherogenic dyslipidemia (low HDL plus hypertriglyceridemia) was the most frequent combined dyslipidemia (13,3%). The occurrence of atherogenic dyslipidemia was not associated with overnutrition and obesity. A high frequency of dyslipidemia was found in Chilean children and adolescents with DS. Our results make us suggest that lipid profile should be performed early in all patients with DS, independent of the presence of risk factors for dyslipidemia.

Dyslipidemia in Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background Increased cardiovascular morbidity in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may be due to vascular endothelial dysfunction, accelerated thickening of arterial intima, and changes in the ventricular functions. Aim The study aimed to describe the frequency and the pattern of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with T1DM, and its relation to the degree of glycemic control, regular activities, and the duration of diabetes. Patients and methods This case–control study included 50 patients with T1DM, aged more than or equal to 9 years, with more than 1-year duration of diabetes, and 39 healthy age-matched and sex-matched children as controls. All participants were subjected to the following: full history taking, full clinical examination, and investigations including glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Results There was a high statistically significant increase in the frequency of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients (64.0%). Twenty (50%) patients had elevated LDL-C, with a mean of 102.0±34.4 mg/dl; the most common type of dyslipidemia was high LDL-C and low HDL-C in eight (25.0%) patients followed by isolated high LDL-C in six (18.75%) patients, isolated low HDL-C in five (15.63%) patients, and hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C in four (12.50%) patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the dyslipidemia group and the normolipidemic group regarding BMI (P=0.070), but waist circumference showed statistically significant increase in the dyslipidemic group compared with the normolipidemic group (P=0.045). As regards the degree of activity affecting the lipid profile, as in the normolipidemic group, 94.4% were practising mild regular activities, whereas in the dyslipidemic group, only 62.5% were practicing mild regular activities (P=0.041). Conclusion Our study support the hypothesis that LDL-C is the ‘cornerstone’ for assessment of lipoprotein-related cardiovascular risk. In addition, activity is important for the prevention of dyslipidemia, and waist circumference is an easily obtainable measure of abdominal adiposity.

Association Between Prior Aspirin Use and Morphological Features of Culprit Lesions at First Presentation of Acute Coronary Syndrome Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography.

The effect of prior use of aspirin (ASA) on the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been clarified. This study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate the morphological features of culprit lesions of ACS in patients with prior ASA use.Methods and Results:In total, 442 patients with their first ACS episode undergoing OCT for the culprit lesions were investigated. Clinical characteristics, OCT findings, and adverse events at 30 days were compared between patients with prior ASA use and ASA-naïve patients (non-ASA). 67 patients (15.2%) had received ASA at presentation. The ASA group was older, had higher frequency of dyslipidemia and hypertension, and lower renal function than the non-ASA group. Non-ST-elevation ACS was more prevalent in the ASA than in the non-ASA group (79.1 vs. 53.6%, P<0.001). Propensity score matching yielded 49 patients in both groups. OCT revealed less frequent thrombi in the ASA than in the non-ASA group in both the entire (37.3 vs. 75.2%, P<0.001) and score-matched cohorts (38.8 vs. 75.5%, P<0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed in plaque characteristics. Rate of adverse events did not differ between the ASA and the non-ASA groups in the matched cohort. With a first ACS presentation, patients with prior ASA use were more likely to present with non-ST-elevation ACS with less frequent intraluminal thrombi, but no significant difference in underlying plaque characteristics or clinical course.

Lipid abnormalities in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective:To determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Methods:This is a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, conducted at the ‘Rheumatology Clinic’ of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi, from November 2013 to May 2014. A total of 200 patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), diagnosed according to the ACR/EULAR criteria 2010, were included in the study. Laboratory investigations including creatinine, ALT, CBC, TSH and fasting lipid profile (LDL, HDL, and Total cholesterol) were done for all patients.Results:Out of 200 patients, 23 (11.5%) were male and 177 (88.5%) were female. The mean age was 36.31±10.46 years and the mean duration of disease was 3.82±3.03 years. A total of 107 (53.5%) patients had dyslipidemia, and the commonest abnormality was a low HDL, seen in 83 (41.5 %) patients.Conclusion:Dyslipidemia was frequently observed in Rheumatoid Arthritis. This may be considered as a secondary impact of chronic inflammatory state, seen in RA. Lipid abnormalities should be sought at regular intervals, and corrective actions taken to mitigate increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Serum Lipid Profile, Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia, and Associated Risk Factors Among Northern Mexican Adolescents.

The increase in overweight and obese children and adolescents may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the serum lipid profile, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, and associated risk factors among the North Mexican adolescent population. Two hundred and ninety-three subjects (47.8% girls) ages 11 to 16 years took part in the Nuevo León State Survey of Nutrition and Health 2011-2012. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, dyslipidaemia was defined as a presence of ≥1 of the following levels (mg/dL): Total cholesterol ≥200, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40, and triglyceride ≥130. The overall frequency of dyslipidaemia was 48.8% with no differences between sexes. Adolescents with high body mass index were more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (overweight: odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.77, P < 0.05; obesity: OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.11-4.41, P < 0.05) than those with normal weight. Abdominally subjects with obesity were also more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.35-3.91, P < 0.01) than their leaner counterparts. Half of Mexican adolescents living in the State of Nuevo León have at least 1 abnormal lipid concentration. Low HDL-chol level was the most common dyslipidaemia. Body mass index and abdominal obesity were associated with the prevalence of at least 1 abnormal lipid level.

Ассоциация полиморфизмов I/D и T-786С генов ACE и NOS3 с особенностями течения ишемической болезни сердца на фоне сахарного диабета 2-го типа

to study relationship of ACE insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism and NOS3 T-786C polymorphism with characteristics of the course of ischemic heart disease (IHD) at the background of diabetes mellitus. Were examined 114 patients with IHD, 29.8% of patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. ACE and NOS3 polymorphisms were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with primers by "Lytech". Patients with combined pathology belonged to older age group, had increased frequency of obesity and predominance of functional class II chronic heart failure. In this group we detected association of D allele of the ACE gene with higher frequency of dyslipidemia and obesity. Among patients with IHD without diabetes we observed associations of ACE I/D and NOS3 T-786C polymorphisms (close and moderate, respectively) with severity of effort angina. We also found that frequency of dyslipidemia among carriers of II and TT genotypes was lower than among carriers of other genotypes. Presence of type 2 diabetes as background pathology leads to a change of character of association of ACE I/D and NOS3 T-786C polymorphisms with clinical characteristics of patients with IHD.

Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients Having Subclinical Hypothyroidism

INTRODUCTIONThyroid hormone by binding to the thyroid hormone receptors affects metabolism and growth in nearly all tissues of the body. Thyroid hormones play vital role in the synthesis and metabolism of lipids. The reduced secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) from the thyroid gland results in hypothyroidism. The subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is term used for the condition in which there is small elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the presence of normal thyroid hormone levels. Disorders of thyroid gland are the second most common endocrine abnormalities globally after diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVETo determinethe frequency of dyslipidemia in patients having subclinical hypothyroidism.METHODOLOGYThis study was conducted at Naseer Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Duration of the study was one years and the study design was descriptive cross sectional study. The total sample size was 136 patients presenting with subclinical hypothyroidism taking 34.31% proportion of dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroid patients12, 95% confidence interval and 8 % margin of error; using WHO software for sample size calculation. More over consecutive (non-probability sampling) technique was used for sample collection.RESULTSIn this study mean age was 40 years with SD 1.26. Sixty three percent patients were female and 37% patients were male. Seventy percent patients had dyslipidemia while 30% patients didn’t have dyslipidemia.CONCLUSIONThe current study shows that the incidence of dyslipidemia was found to be in patients having subclinical hypothyroidism.

ISCHEMIC STROKE

Objectives: To determine the frequency of Dyslipidemia and other risk factorsin patients with ischemic stroke. Study design: Descriptive and case series. Setting: Thisresearch study was carried out in the Medicine department of Liaquat University HospitalJamshoro/Hyderabad. Duration of study: Six months. Sample size: Total 100 patients of bothmale and female sex were enrolled in this research study. Results: Total 100 cases of ischemicstroke were included. The mean age + SD (range) was 59.72 + 6.40 (45 – 70 years), 76(76.0%)were males and 24(24.0%) were females. Speech deficits was present in 28(28.0%, n = 100)patients. Eighty seven (87.0%, n = 100) patients had difficulty in walking, 17(17.0%, n = 100)patients had seizures, confusion was observed in 35(35.0%, n = 100) patients, 35(35.0%, n =100) had headache, Vertigo was seen in 11(11.0%n = 100) patients, Visual disturbances wasseen in 14(14.0%, n = 100) cases and 20(20.0%n = 100) patients had vomiting. High bloodpressure was in 51(51.0%, n = 100), diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in 30(30.0%, n = 100)respectively. Eighteen (18.0%, n = 100) patients were known cases of cardiovascular diseases,36(36.0%, n = 100) were smokers, 22(22.0%, n = 100) patients had family history of strokeand only 2(2.0%, n = 100) patients had the history of alcoholism. High cholesterol (mg/dL) wasseen in 21(21.0% n = 30) patients, High LDL (mg/dL) in 37(37.0%, n = 30), Low HDL (mg/dL) in90(90.0%, n = 30) and High Triglycerides (mg/dL) were seen in 40(40.0%, n = 30). Conclusion:High Blood pressure, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia and Smoking are chief risk elements ofischemic stroke. Prevalence of stroke is high in poor socioeconomic demographics with singleor multiple risk elements and this may be because of unawareness about these risk elements,unaffordability of treatment or proper follow up.