Frequency Of Damage Research Articles

Genotoxic parameters of human degenerated intervertebral discs are linked to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a prevalent disorder that brings great incapacity and morbidity to the world's population. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood. DNA damage can influence this process, but so far, there have been few studies to evaluate this topic and its true importance in DDD, as well as whether there is a relation between degeneration grade and DNA damage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of damage to the DNA and the relation to the severity of DDD and measure its response to this insult compared to live/dead cell parameters and reactive oxygen species activity in human discs. An experimental study was performed with 15 patients with grade IV or V Pfirrmann classification who underwent spinal surgery. Five patients were operated on two levels, resulting in 20 samples that were submitted to the comet assay to measure DNA damage. Of these, six samples were submitted to flow cytometry, and apoptosis, necrosis, cell membrane integrity, intracellular esterase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase 3 and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. All samples had DNA damage, and the average of index damage (ID) was 78.1 (SD±65.11) and frequency damage (FD) was 49.3% (SD±26.05%). There was no statistical difference between the Pfirrmann grades and genotoxic damage. Likewise, all samples that underwent flow cytometry showed apoptosis and ROS to many different degrees. DNA damage occurs in high-grade degeneration of human discs and contributes to activation of the apoptosis pathway and ROS production that can accelerate disc degeneration.

Verification of the Efficacy of Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners in a Typical Pressurized Water Reactor under a Station Blackout Condition

The presence of a stable stratified gas cloud inside the containment near or at the flammability limit may lead to deflagration or even detonation which may challenge the containment and cause a radioactive material release into the environment. To mitigate this risk, a number of approaches have been proposed, for example, containment inerting or venting and use of passive autocatalytic recombiners or igniters. However, for these measures to be effective, a thorough analysis of the hydrogen dispersion and associated phenomena is indispensable during the design phase as well as the mitigation phase during a severe accident. In this work, a MAAP analysis is performed to assess the hydrogen risk in a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) containment. An extended station blackout (SBO) was chosen as an initiating event given its high contribution to the core damage frequency. RCS depressurization and external injection are mitigation techniques implemented consecutively to extend the coping capability of the plant for the extended SBO scenario. A sensitivity study is performed to select the combination of timing and flow rate that generate the most severe case for the “in-vessel phase of hydrogen generation.” Subsequently, a number of passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) were implemented to mitigate the hydrogen risk during the first three days of the accident. The Shapiro diagram is used to assess the flammability condition of the containment atmosphere based on MAAP analysis. The results show that the gas mixture composition is acceptable in the majority of the containment compartments and only marginally acceptable in the cavity. Even under the conservative conditions of the accident, the simulation results confirmed the sufficiency of recombiners alone without igniters in the low hydrogen concentration zones, while for compartments close to the sources, additional mitigation may be needed.

Sewerage infrastructure asset management based on a consumer-centric approach.

In most developed countries, such as the USA, the E.U., and East Asia, the importance of public infrastructure asset management has been stressed for a long time. Among the various types of public infrastructure, sewerage systems are one of the most cost-intensive facilities to manage. Sewerage systems are considered highly difficult to manage due to the undetermined level of service needed, different standards of user satisfaction, and the large gap of service understanding between experts and users. To address these issues, this study aims to define the appropriate target level of service improvement by combining consumers’ expected level of service and complaint data. In this study, the case of the inland flood management project in South Korea is investigated because of the global trend of increasing flood damage. The complaint data represent the frequency of flood damage in the area. Using the contingent valuation method, we found that people want to use 25% of their current monthly sewage bill on the management project. In addition, the results of this study demonstrate that people prefer to deal with the problems caused by old service infrastructure when it can be handled at a lower cost during early stages.

Anti-nuclear antibody and a granuloma could be biomarkers for iCIs-related hepatitis by anti-PD-1 treatment

It has been reported that various kinds of immune checkpoint inhibitors (iCIs) could induce immune-related liver damage. We should focus on the programmed cell death-receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to analyze the characteristics of hepatitis related to iCIs and find factors that could be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis. A single-center retrospective study of 252 NSCLC patients who received PD-1 antibody (nivolumab or pembrolizumab). Some of the biochemical markers and immunological markers were analyzed during PD-1-antibody treatment with or without ALT elevation. Histopathological features were reviewed by a single expert of hepatic pathology focusing on the following features: fibrosis, portal inflammation, lobular inflammation, lobular necrosis. The formation of macro- and micro-granulomas was also evaluated. The frequency of liver damage induced by nivolumab including grade 1 to 4 (ALT) was 41.9% (78/186 patients). The positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody in the nivolumab group with iCIs-related hepatitis was significantly higher than that in the nivolumab group without iCIs-related hepatitis (p = 0.00112). Granulomatous changes were significantly increased in patients with iCIs-related hepatitis compared with DILI and AIH patients (p < 0.05). The ratios of inflammatory cells CD4/CD8, and CD138/CD3 in ICIs-related hepatitis were significantly lower than those in AIH or DILI patients (p < 0.05). We demonstrated that the pre-existing ANA and characteristic liver histology including CD8+ cells dominancy and granulomatous hepatitis could be biomarkers for the diagnosis of iCIs-related hepatitis in the NSCLC with anti-PD-1 therapy.

COVID-19 pandemic and kidney disease in children: literature review and own regional observations

Introduction. Currently, the coronavirus infection pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues around the world. Research data from domestic and foreign authors indicate that the kidneys are a target organ for a new infection, lesions vary from proteinuria and hematuria to acute kidney injury.Aim of the study – to determine the frequency and nature of kidney damage in children with confirmed coronavirus infection.Materials and methods. A retrospective and prospective analysis of cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection in children (n = 441) admitted to the Samara Regional Children’s Infectious Diseases Hospital from March 2020 to July 2021 was carried out. SARSCoV-2 RNA was detected in all patients by a one-step reverse transcription reaction combined with a polymerase chain reaction. The changes in the kidneys that occurred in 57 children were studied. The research results were processed using the Statistica 7.0 software (StatSoft, USA).Results. The involvement of the kidneys in the infectious process was detected in every 8 children with COVID-19 (12.9%), more often in the form of isolated urinary syndrome, the detection rate of which correlated with the severity of the course of coronavirus infection: in severe cases, proteinuria was detected in 31.6% of patients, hematuria – in 21%, acute kidney injury – in 10.5%, diabetic nephropathy – in 5.3%. Kidney damage was combined with damage to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, characterized by rapid recovery of urine output and azotemia parameters without special renal therapy. A clinical case of the onset of nephrotic syndrome that developed 2 weeks after suffering a coronavirus infection is described.Conclusions. Children with COVID-19 require kidney function monitoring for early detection and correction in case of impairment. Patients with isolated urinary syndrome in the acute period require long-term observation in order to detect latent renal pathology.

AO Reconstruction Plate as Buttressing for Greater Trochanter in Hemiarthroplasty Procedure

INTRODUCTIONThe trend of intertrochanter fractures has gradually increased leading to a high frequency of difficulties and damage as the result of the increased age and risk factors. Accordingly, the aim of stable fixation in these fractures is designed with appropriate surgical procedures and patient care. The contribution of a stable fixation is due to several considerations including fracture shape and assurance, bone quality, comminution pattern, implant choice, and surgical technique. This study aimed to assess the functional outcomes of the patients with an intertrochanteric fracture who underwent hemiarthroplasty with AO recon as buttressing.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a case series study conducted in Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital in Yogyakarta from July 2017 to August 2018. Patients with Evans unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures who underwent simultaneous bipolar hemiarthroplasty and fixation with AO reconstruction plate and SS wire as buttressing were evaluated. Pre and postoperative radiographs, postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, walking ability using Harris Hip Score (HHS), and Lower Extremity Functional Score (LEFS) were the outcome parameters.RESULTSA total of 6 patients, 4 of whom were male with an average age of 81 years old were included in this study. All the mechanisms of injury were low-energy trauma. The mean VAS score was decreased, from 7 pre-operatively to 1.5 post-operatively at final follow-up (p-value 0.05). The patients had a mean HHS of 82.5 and a LEFS mean of 56.7.CONCLUSIONButtress plate fixation using an AO reconstruction plate for trochanteric fracture following bipolar hemiarthroplasty resulted in a good functional outcome.

The role of BRCA2 in the fragility of interstitial telomeric sites

We examined frequencies of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations, using classical cytological methods, and DNA damage in interphase and metaphase cells, using a combination of FISH, CO-FISH, TIF (telomere dysfunction induced assay) and simultaneous detection of DNA damage and telomeric sequences in metaphase chromosomes, in Chinese hamster cells defective in BRCA2 and control cells. Given that the Chinese hamster genome contains large blocks of interstitial telomeric sites, our results allow us to examine the role of BRCA2 in the potential fragility of these sites, but also whether BRCA2 affects DNA repair within terminal telomeric sequences. BRCA2 defective cells exhibited greater frequencies of DNA damage within interstitial telomeric sites, as well as within terminal telomeric sites, relative to control cells. Therefore, BRCA2 deficiency contributes to the telomere dysfunction phenotype in Chinese hamster cells.

Probabilistic safety margin characterization of an integrated small modular reactor using MFM and adaptive polynomial chaos

Characterization of the safety margins can provide essential information for both licensee and regulatory commission to support decision-making, especially for the next generation of nuclear power plants which implement several novel designs. However, the traditional monte-carlo based best estimate plus uncertainty method is not appropriate for large scale application because of its high computational cost. Thus, a novel hybrid method that combines multilevel flow modelling (MFM) and generalized polynomial chaos (gPC)is proposed in this paper. In the framework of the proposed method, the MFM is utilized to model the functions of collaborative working passive systems of an integrated small modular reactor (iSMR) and perform causal reasoning for selecting relevant uncertain parameters, then the gPC is implemented to construct an orthogonal polynomials-based surrogate model for the thermal hydraulic model to perform fast sensitivity analysis and safety margin characterization. An adaptive sampling algorithm is also implemented to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the safety margin characterization. The proposed method is applied to a test case to analyze the sensitivity of uncertain parameters during an SBO accident of iSMR. Subsequently, the adaptive method is implemented for probabilistic safety margin characterization after considering a delayed core makeup tank (CMT) injection and the conditional core damage frequency is predicted. The result shows great efficiency of the proposed MFM combining adaptive gPC method.

Assessing the Clinical Consequences of Untreated Caries in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children with Pufa Index

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the oral health conditions of 8- to 10-year-old students in the mixed dentition stage in Erzurum, Turkey, by determining their dental caries’ status and the soft tissue damages by untreated caries. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two randomly selected schools in the residential areas populated predominantly by families with mid-and-low socioeconomic levels. A total of 586 children, 275 girls, and 365 boys with a mean age of 8.95 ± 0.8 participated in the study. Number of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth in the permanent dentition/number of decayed and filled teeth in the primary dentition (DMFT/dft) and visible pulpal involvement (P/p), ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments (U/u), fistula (F/f) and abscess (A/a) (PUFA)/pufa indices are included in the clinical examination section of the study. Obtained data were analyzed with SPSS (IBM Corp. 2013, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY). Results: Our research revealed a DMFT score of 2.43 ± 1.7, dft 4.12 ± 2.7, pufa 0.75 ±1.2, PUFA 0.05± 0.24, a caries frequency of 96.1, PUFA/pufa frequency of 40.9, and untreated caries PUFA/pufa ratio was found as 13.3%. A significant difference with positive correlation was found between d and pufa scores ( P &lt; .01). Increasing DMFT, decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) in the permanent dentition, and decreasing dft, decayed, and filled surfaces (dfs) in the primary dentition, and pufa scores with the age increment were found to be significant ( P &lt; .05). Conclusion: The frequency of soft tissue damage associated with untreated caries, caries index scores, and frequency of dental caries was found to be quite high in the study population consisting of children belonging to families with similar socioeconomic status.

Stress Coupling Analysis and Failure Damage Evaluation of Wind Turbine Blades during Strong Winds

Blades in strong wind conditions are prone to various failures and damage that is due to the action of random variable amplitude loads. In this study, we analyze the failure of 1.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine blades. The computational fluid dynamics unsteady calculation method is used to simulate the aerodynamic load distribution on the blade. Fluid–structure coupling methods are applied to calculate the blade stress. The results show that the equivalent stress of the blade is the largest when the azimuth angle is 30°, and the maximum equivalent stress is 20.60 MPa. There are obvious stress peaks in six sections, such as r/R = 0.10 (the span length of blade/the full length of the blade = 0.10). The frequency of damage that is caused by the stress in each area of the blade is determined based on the blade damage. The frequency of gel coat cracking in the blade tips and leaves is 77.78% and 22.22%, respectively, and the frequency of crack occurrence is 87.75%, 10.20% and 2.05%, respectively. By combining the stress concentration area and the damage results, the cause of blade damage is determined, which can replace the traditional inspection methods and improve the inspection efficiency.

Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Kanopi di Bengkel Las Purnama Karya

The Purnama Karya weld workshop is individual business engaged in the welding industry that produces one of the products, namely the canopy. In the process of canopy production, there is no possibility if there are no results of products that have bad quality. This research uses Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method. The method contains steps for the identification failure mode against product or process by scoring each form of failure mode based on occurrence values, severity values and detection values. The purpose of this research is found out factors that cause canopy product defects, identify the types of potential defects that occur and identify the impacts that occur. The results show that there are defects that occur with the classification of 2 types of defects, welding and painting, where the most common types of defects are welding defects with a frequency of damage of 56.8% and there are also 16 causes of canopy product defects with details of 8 factors that cause weld defects and 8 factors that cause painting defects. The results of the provision of severity, occurrence, and detection are taken in the order of the 3 highest rankings taken from the results of RPN values.

A risk-based approach to construction control applied by a developer

Introduction. The activity of a technical customer, performed in the course of implementing construction projects, encompasses numerous functions, including construction control. Given that multitasking is typical for intensive construction, construction control, performed by the technical customer, cannot reach 100 % of the activities conducted by the general contractor and subcontractors. Currently no regulatory documentation determines the level of danger of construction defects and violations of occupational health and safety requirements. In this regard, it is important to develop and implement methods that allow prioritizing the objects of control and management, and determine the sequence of violations to be eliminated. It is important to introduce a risk-based approach into construction control performed by the technical customer to solve these problems. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology of risk-based construction control by the developer. The objectives of the research include identification, analysis and calculation of risks in the course of construction control.&#x0D; Materials and methods. In this article, methods of systemic and morphological analysis are used to identify risks; standards of the system of indicators applied to the product quality in construction are used to classify defects. Risks are calculated using risk management standards and provisions of the theory of probability, namely, Bayes’ theorem.&#x0D; Results. This article has an overview of application of risk management in construction; it substantiates the relevance of its implementation by the technical customer within the framework of the construction control system. The article identifies the main risks of construction control and suggests a method for calculating them using Bayes’ theorem. Methods of calculating the a posteriori probability of injury in the event of a violation of occupational health and safety rules are determined. In the article, the authors present a classification of defects of monolithic railway structures. The article provides sample classifications of defects of monolithic reinforced concrete structures. The method of calculating the risk of damage caused by a defect in a building structure is determined, which allows assessing the degree of the defect hazard. The method of calculating the a posteriori probability of adverse events in the course of detecting defects in building structures is determined.&#x0D; Conclusions. In the article, the authors present a methodology for identifying risks in the course of construction control. It encompasses the calculation of a posteriori probabilities of adverse events using three a priori indicators: the frequency of hazards, the frequency of damage, the frequency of hazards that cause damage. The prospects of further research are addressed in the conclusion section of the article.

Debarking intensity of European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains in relation to forest habitat features

The damage to trees that is caused by ungulate species is a natural result of their presence in ecosystems. High densities of ungulates may have a negative effect on biodiversity and the regeneration and survival of trees. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that affect the probability of the occurrence of damage in forest stands as a result of the presence of European bison (Bison bonasus). We collected data on the presence of European bison in given locations in winter and spring of 2020; this data also concerned damage to trees, forest stand characteristics, and densities of other ungulates.European bison was the most important debarking agent. Within the home range of the European bison, 344 forest stands were damaged, which represented 43.5% of all stands. The most frequent damage was bark stripping, 35.9%. The most important factors in terms of bark damage were canopy cover, dominating tree species, dominating tree age, and distance to a feeder. More debarking occurred in stands with open canopies, and coniferous species were more likely to be damaged than broadleaved species. Frequency of damage in forest stands with dominating Norway spruce was higher than 0.5, whereas for forest stands with silver fir and Scots pine it was over 0.4. Other coniferous species also presented a relatively high proportion of damage (0.38). The results of our study indicate a need for rational damage-prevention measures in the ranges of other free-living wisent populations that live in managed forests.

A Well-Designed Implement for Promoting Population Health and Property via Insurance.

The frequency and intensity of catastrophes (including natural disasters and pandemics) rise and damage the population's health, life and property more seriously. In order to protect population health and wealth via full insurance indemnity, many countries set up a public catastrophe insurance scheme (PCIS) to maintain the function of catastrophe insurance markets. Little literature discusses the smart payment way of contributions charged by PCIS. This article design a model to describe the upward trend and cyclic frequency and intensity of catastrophic events. Such characteristics also promote the business cycle of the insurance industry. We analyze the changes in catastrophic insurer's capital structures under three cases of that the volume-based charges to the PCIS may come from equity holders or policyholders or both. PCIS may entail a shift of equity capital toward minimum solvency requirements, and then adverse incentives regarding insurer's security level arise. Various numerical experiments illustrate the changes in equity position, default probabilities, or expected policyholder deficits. The results show that the payment way of contributions should be designed carefully, not only with regard to PCIS's finance balance but also the resultant incentives and effects.

Ecotoxic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic potential of leachate obtained from chromated copper arsenate-treated wood ashes.

Preservative treatments increase the durability of wood, and one of the alternative treatments involves the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Due to the toxicity of CCA, the disposal of CCA-treated wood residues is problematic, and burning is considered to provide a solution. The ecotoxicological potential of ash can be high when these components are toxic and mutagenic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and genotoxicity of bottom ash leachates originating from CCA-treated wood burning. Physical-chemical analysis of the leachates revealed that in treated wood ashes leachate (CCA-TWBAL), the contents of arsenic and chromium were 59.45 mg.L-1 and 54.28 mg.L-1, respectively. In untreated wood ashes leachate (UWBAL), these contents were 0.70 mg.L-1 and 0.30 mg.L-1, respectively. CCA-TWBAL caused significant toxicity in Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa, and microcrustacean Artemia spp. (LC50 = 12.12 mg.mL-1). Comet assay analyses using NIH3T3 cells revealed that concentrations ranging from 1.0 and 2.5 mg.mL-1 increase the damage frequency (DF) and damage index (DI). According to MTT assay results, CCA-TWBAL at concentrations as low as 1 mg.mL-1 caused a significant decrease in cellular viability. Hemolysis assay analyses suggest that the arsenic and chromium leachate contents are important for the ecotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of CCA-TWBAL.

Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail-transportable blades – Part 2: 3D finite element design optimization of the rotor blades

Abstract. Increasing growth in land-based wind turbine blades to enable higher machine capacities and capacity factors is creating challenges in design, manufacturing, logistics, and operation. Enabling further blade growth will require technology innovation. An emerging solution to overcome logistics constraints is to segment the blades spanwise and chordwise, which is effective, but the additional field-assembled joints result in added mass and loads, as well as increased reliability concerns in operation. An alternative to this methodology is to design slender flexible blades that can be shipped on rail lines by flexing during transport. However, the increased flexibility is challenging to accommodate with a typical glass-fiber, upwind design. In a two-part paper series, several design options are evaluated to enable slender flexible blades: downwind machines, optimized carbon fiber, and active aerodynamic controls. Part 1 presents the system-level optimization of the rotor variants as compared to conventional and segmented baselines, with a low-fidelity representation of the blades. The present work, Part 2, supplements the system-level optimization in Part 1 with high-fidelity blade structural optimization to ensure that the designs are at feasible optima with respect to material strength and fatigue limits, as well as global stability and structural dynamics constraints. To accommodate the requirements of the design process, a new version of the Numerical Manufacturing And Design (NuMAD) code has been developed and released. The code now supports laminate-level blade optimization and an interface to the International Energy Agency Wind Task 37 blade ontology. Transporting long, flexible blades via controlled flapwise bending is found to be a viable approach for blades of up to 100 m. The results confirm that blade mass can be substantially reduced by going either to a downwind design or to a highly coned and tilted upwind design. A discussion of active and inactive constraints consisting of material rupture, fatigue damage, buckling, deflection, and resonant frequencies is presented. An analysis of driving load cases revealed that the downwind designs are dominated by loads from sudden, abrupt events like gusts rather than fatigue. Finally, an analysis of carbon fiber spar caps for downwind machines finds that, compared to typical carbon fibers, the use of a new heavy-tow carbon fiber in the spar caps is found to yield between 9 % and 13 % cost savings.

Numerical assessment for entry condition of severe accident management guidelines in a Swedish nuclear power plant

The entry conditions of severe accident management guidelines (SAMGs) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) rely on the indication of core exit temperature (CET). Yet, the setpoints for the CET may be different from plant to plant. Most Westinghouse PWR designs adopt the setpoint of CET at 650℃ as the entry condition of the SAMGs, since this setpoint is an effective indicator of core damage in a wide spectrum of accident sequences. Motivated by the interest in the verification & validation of SAMS after the Fukushima accidents, the present study is conducted numerically to verify the effectiveness of the CET setpoint for the transition from emergency operation procedures (EOPs) to SAMGs in a Swedish nuclear power plant. For this purpose, six representative severe accident sequences covering the main contributors to the core damage frequency (CDF) are analyzed using the MELCOR code. Moreover, different CET readings and alternative entry conditions are also investigated. The simulation results show that the average CET = 650 °C is the effective setpoint as the entry condition of SAMGs, i.e., given this setpoint the transition from EOPs to SAMGs will take place slightly before the occurrence of core degradation, which secures the intended mitigation of SAMGs while keeping EOPs active as long as possible. On the other hand, it is too conservative if the maximum CET = 650 °C is used as the setpoint of entry condition of SAMGs, i.e., it will result in an excessive realization of SAMGs over EOPs. The coolant temperature in the primary circuits, the water level in the RPV and the hydrogen concentration in the containment can also be applied as reference indications of core damage states in the accident management.

Mitigative effect of green tea extract against mercury(II) chloride toxicity in Allium cepa L. model.

Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic heavy metal for all organisms. In the present study, the mitigative role of 190 mg/L and 380 mg/L doses of green tea extract (GTex) against mercury(II) chloride (HgCI2)-induced toxicity was evaluated in Allium cepa L. For this aim, selected physiological, genotoxicity, and biochemical parameters as well as meristematic cell injuries in the roots were investigated. Ratios of catechin and caffeine in GTex were determined by HPLC analysis. Also, free radical scavenging activity of GTex was tested against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals. As a result of HgCI2 application, germination percentage, root elongation, weight gain, and mitotic index (MI) declined, while the frequency of micronucleus (MN), chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), and meristematic cell damages increased. HgCI2 administration also led to a significant increase in malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities which are signs of oxidative stress. On contrary, applications of GTex together with HgCI2 reduced HgCI2-induced adverse effects in all parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant components in GTex were listed as caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and catechin according to their abundance. GTex exhibited a strong scavenging ability in the presence of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals. The present study revealed the strong protective capacity of GTex against HgCI2-induced toxicity in A. cepa owing to its high antioxidant content with a multifaceted perspective. With this study, a reliable starting point was established for future studies investigating the more common and diverse use of GTex against toxic substances.

Oxidative Damage Induced Telomere Mediated Genomic Instability in Cells from Ataxia Telangiectasia Patients.

Our cellular genome is susceptible to cytotoxic lesions which include single strand breaks and double strand breaks among other lesions. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein was one of the first DNA damage sensor proteins to be discovered as being involved in DNA repair and as well as in telomere maintenance. Telomeres help maintain the stability of our chromosomes by protecting the ends from degradation. Cells from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients lack ATM and accumulate chromosomal alterations. AT patients display heightened susceptibility to cancer. In this study, cells from AT patients (called as AT -/- and AT +/- cells) were characterized for genome stability status and it was observed that AT -/- cells show considerable telomere attrition. Furthermore, DNA damage and genomic instability were compared between normal (AT +/+ cells) and AT -/- cells exhibiting increased frequencies of spontaneous DNA damage and genomic instability markers. Both AT -/- and AT +/- cells were sensitive to sodium arsenite (1.5 and 3.0 μg/ml) and ionizing radiation-induced (2 Gy, gamma rays) oxidative stress. Interestingly, telomeric fragments were detected in the comet tails as revealed by comet-fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, suggestive of telomeric instability in AT -/- cells upon exposure to sodium arsenite or radiation. Besides, there was an increase in the number of chromosome alterations in AT -/- cells following arsenite treatment or irradiation. In addition, complex chromosome aberrations were detected by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization in AT -/- cells in comparison to AT +/- and normal cells. Telomere attrition and chromosome alterations were detected even at lower doses of sodium arsenite. Peptide nucleic acid - FISH analysis revealed defective chromosome segregation in cells lacking ATM proteins. The data obtained in this study substantiates the role of ATM in telomere stability under oxidative stress.

Розвиток ХОЗЛ при неспецифічному виразковому коліті: клініко-інструментальне підтвердження

Objective — to study the degree and frequency of lung damage in patients with UC. Materials and methods: A total of 24 patients with a verified diagnosis of UC were examined, 63.6% of them with left-sided intestinal lesions of moderate severity and 36.4% with total lesions of moderate severity. The age according to WHO was 45.2 + _2.2 years. The control group consisted of 42 people. The study of lung function in 24 patients with UC was carried out using spirography (Spirolab3): the volume of forced expiration was measured in 1 sec. (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow in the middle of 25—75% (FEF25-75), residual volume and ratio (FEV1 \ FVC) and used the CAT-test questionnaire (COPD Assessment Test). To assess the severity of COPD, the GOLD classification (2019) was used. The data were statistically processed using the Statistica 8.0 software. Results. UC with lesions of the left intestine was detected in 63.6% of patients and corresponded to the obstructive type of pulmonary lesion. With total intestinal lesion, UC was found in 36.4%, which corresponded to the restrictive type of lung lesion. In 17 patients with left-sided lesions, the volume of forced expiration in 1 sec. (FEV1- 2.95 l/s ± 0.62), forced vital capacity (FVC-2.68 l/s + _0.8), residual volume (70.1%), forced expiratory volume ratio in 1 sec. and forced vital capacity of the lungs (FEV1 \ FVC — 62.1%) indicates an obstructive type of lung injury. In 7 patients with UC with total lesion, a restrictive type of lung lesion was noted, which is statistically significant (p&lt;0.002). Pathology of the bronchopulmonary system in patients with NUC according to GOLD criteria in 2.8% of patients corresponded to GOLD1, GOLD2 in 70.8% and GOLD3 in 26.4% of patients. Conclusions. In 63.6% of patients with UC, the obstructive type of COPD was established, and 36.4 was the restrictive type. Violation of bronchopulmonary pathology in patients with UC is associated with the level of intestinal damage, the severity and activity of the disease. With left-sided intestinal lesions, a significant decrease in indicators was observed FEV1, FVC, FEV1 / FVC, MEF (p&lt;0.002), which can be explained by a higher likelihood of lung inflammation. Spirometry is a non-invasive, simple, and informative method for early detection of latent lung lesions in patients with UC.