The review provides an analysis of literature data on the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the reproductive health of women of childbearing age. The peculiarities of transformation of the inactive form, which enters the human body with food and sunlight exposure of the skin, into the active form of D hormone – calcitriol (1,25 (OH) 2D) are considered. It is shown that the activation of the processes of differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts, provision of phosphoric calcium homeostasis, processes of mineralization and bone growth remains the leading property of vitamin D. Active forms of vitamin D have a decisive role in other biological processes, including the regulation and differentiation of cell growth, the activity of metabolic processes, in particular the development of insulin resistance, obesity, the ability to change neuromuscular conductivity, influence immunity, inflammation, hormonal activity of woman's reproductive system. The role of vitamin D in the processes of programming fetal and neonatal development, the further risk of developmental diseases in childhood and adulthood, due to the presence of VDR and 1a-hydroxylase in tissues such as ovaries, uterus, placenta, and also in the pituitary. It has been shown that vitamin D deficiency causes a number of adverse complications of pregnancy: hypertension and especially preeclampsia, an increase in the frequency of cesarean sections and spontaneous premature births, bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus. The data given on the possible role of vitamin D deficiency in the formation of polycystic ovary syndrome, its effect on puberty of girls, violation of the last is a predictor of the formation of a polycystic phenotype in the reproductive age. The conclusion is made about the expediency of determining the level of vitamin D and its supplementation at the pregravidar stage, which will ensure timely prevention of preeclampsia, weakness of labor activity, surgical delivery, and will also contribute to the birth of a healthy child.