Abstract
Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common obstetric surgeries and often it is the only method to save mother's life and life of the fetus in various pregnancy and delivery complications. Each obstetric surgery, especially CS, implies professional valuation of prognostic valid parameters, i.e. existence of an accurate indication. The aim of the paper is to get a retrospective review of Caesarean section, its evaluation in the sense of frequency, indications and risk for mother and fetus. Frequency of Caesarean section was analyzed retrospectively and it has been noted that it grew significantly in past decades, which could be recognized as a new trend in the world in almost all countries, especially in the last decade. According to information from the WHO for 2010, CS percentage is as follows: USA 30.3%, Cuba 35.6%, Italy 37.4% and Germany 27.8%. In the first 6 months of 2006, at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, CS percentage was 20.54%, whereas in the same period of 2016, CS percentage is 31.58%. Nowadays, the World Health Organization suggests adoption of classification per Robson in order to decrease the CS percentage down to between 15% and 25%. This surgery carries certain risks; maternal mortality is 2-4 times higher while morbidity is 5-10 times higher after Caesarean section in comparison to vaginal delivery. Caesarean section is connected to lower risk of fetal traumas and this is one of the essential reasons affecting the selection of Caesarean section over vaginal delivery. Thanks to the development of modern perinatology and surgery techniques as well as development of modern anesthesia, maternal morbidity, and especially mortality, is reduced to minimum.
Highlights
Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common obstetric surgeries and often it is the only method to save mother’s life and life of the fetus in various pregnancy and delivery complications
Frequency of Caesarean section was analyzed retrospectively and it has been noted that it grew significantly in past decades, which could be recognized as a new trend in the world in almost all countries, especially in the last decade
Caesarean section is connected to lower risk of fetal traumas and this is one of the essential reasons affecting the selection of Caesarean section over vaginal delivery
Summary
Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common obstetric surgeries, where we use cut through mother’s abdominal wall and uterus to extract fetus, most often in late stages of pregnancy when there is a possibility for the fetus to survive, and it is often the only method to save mother’s life in various pregnancy and delivery complications. Caesarean section incidence The frequency of this obstetric surgery has grown extremely in the past decades, which could be recognized as a new trend in the world in almost all countries, especially in the last decade. According to the report by the WHO, about 18.5 million Caesarean sections are performed in the world. There is a growing number of primiparas and they are exposed to increased risk for Caesarean section. Apgar score from 4 to 7 was found in 13.8% children in the first half of the year 2006, and in 2016, there were 6.9% children delivered by Caesarean section. (Table 1)
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