Frequency Of Breastfeeding Research Articles

Brief Report: HIV-Positive and Breastfeeding in High-Income Settings: 5-Year Experience From a Perinatal Center in Germany.

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for women living with HIV (WLWH) in low-income-but not in high-income-countries, where milk substitutes are preferred. Some guidelines for high-income countries opted for a shared decision-making process regarding breastfeeding in optimal scenarios with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (cART), suppressed maternal viral load (mVL), and clinical monitoring. Although vertical transmission (VT) risk under cART is estimated below 1% in low-income settings, data from high-income countries are rare. We retrospectively analyzed all 181 live births from WLWH at the LMU Munich university hospital perinatal center in Germany between January 2016 and December 2020. We focused on VT, suppressed mVL and optimal scenario rates, breastfeeding frequency, cART regimens, and infant prophylaxis. All women were counseled according to current guidelines, foremost recommending avoidance of breastfeeding. In the 5-year cohort, no VT was observed. One hundred fifty-one WLWH (83.4%) decided not to breastfeed, even in optimal scenarios. Thrity infants (16.6%) were nursed, of which 25 were within an optimal scenario, whereas in 5 cases, breastfeeding was performed with a detectable VL in pregnancy or the postpartum period. All WLWH were treated with cART at delivery, and 91.7% sustained suppressed mVL. Zidovudine infant prophylaxis was given between 2 and 8 weeks but not necessarily over the whole breastfeeding duration and was declined from 5 breastfeeding WLWH. Although the cohort is too small to assess VT risk through breastfeeding with cART-suppressed mVL, breastfeeding might be an alternative even in high-income countries, but further studies are needed.

The Relationship between Psychological Stress with Breastfeeding Frequency and Breastmilk Volume during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Breastfeeding mothers have limited access to healthcare facilities during the pandemic, thus raising their risk of psychological stress. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between psychological stress with breastfeeding frequency and breastmilk volume. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 120 exclusively breastfeeding mothers. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was employed as a stress assessment indicator measuring tool. The measurement of breastmilk volume was performed using a manual breast pump two hours before or after the baby suckles to restore milk production. The frequency of breastfeeding was calculated by adding up the number of times the baby is breastfed in a day. The chi-square test was used in this study. It was found that 68 respondents (56.7%) reported experiencing mild to moderate stress. Stress levels were found to have a significant connection with breastfeeding frequency and breastmilk volume (p < 0.05). The respondents who experienced severe stress have a 2.63-times higher risk for breastfeeding <8 times/day and 33.2 times higher risk of producing breast milk <100cc than respondents who experienced mild-moderate stress. Concerns about the psychological stress of breastfeeding mothers highlight the critical need for good mental health and broader help from families during the pandemic.

Pandemic policies and breastfeeding: A cross-sectional study during the onset of COVID-19 in the United States.

The United States is one of the few countries, and the only high-income country, that does not federally mandate protection of postpartum employment through paid postpartum maternity and family leave policies. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., stay-at-home orders were implemented nationally, creating a natural experiment in which to document the effects of de facto paid leave on infant feeding practices in the first postpartum year. The purpose of this cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was to describe infant and young child feeding intentions, practices, decision-making, and experiences during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected March 27-May 31, 2020 via online survey among a convenience sample of respondents, ages 18 years and older, who were currently feeding a child 2 years of age or younger, yielding 1,437 eligible responses. Nearly all (97%) respondents indicated an intention to feed their infant exclusively with human milk in the first 6 months. A majority of respondents who were breastfeeding (66%) reported no change in breastfeeding frequency after the implementation of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. However, thirty-one percent indicated that they breastfed more frequently due to stay-at-home orders and delayed plans to wean their infant or young child. Key themes drawn from the qualitative data were: emerging knowledge and perceptions of the relationship between COVID-19 and breastfeeding, perceptions of immune factors in human milk, and the social construction of COVID-19 and infant and young child feeding perceptions and knowledge. There were immediate positive effects of stay-at-home policies on human milk feeding practices, even during a time of considerable uncertainty about the safety of breastfeeding and the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 via human milk, constrained access to health care services and COVID-19 testing, and no effective COVID-19 vaccines. Federally mandated paid postpartum and family leave are essential to achieving more equitable lactation outcomes.

The practice of exclusive breastfeeding and factors associated with its interruption

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EA) and factors associated with its interruption among mothers of children from 0 to 6 months of age in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus -BA. Method: Cross-sectional study with 278 mothers, attended in health units of the municipality. Data were collected through interviews. Through hierarchical multiple analysis, a crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR), and their respective confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 39.6%. The variables race/skin color (nonblack), primiparity, absence of family support for breastfeeding, dissatisfaction during breastfeeding, and pacifier use were associated with interruption of the outcome. Conclusion: The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding was below the indicator recommended by the Ministry of Health. Among the factors that were associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding are socioeconomic characteristics related to reproductive history and lifestyle, as well as conditions related to the child. More effective breastfeeding promotion measures are necessary to mitigate this outcome.

Recommendations For Improving Exclusive Breast Milk For Working Mothers With Health Action Process Approach (Hapa) In Batu Bara District

Mother's Milk (ASI) is the main and best food for babies that have no equal. The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are enormous, especially for the baby's growth and development, immunity, psychology, and the economy of the baby's parents. Even though the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are clear for mothers and their babies, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for babies is still low. The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in exclusive breastfeeding for working mothers using the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in Batu Bara Regency. The sample of this research is working mothers who have babies 0-6 months in Batu Bara Regency. The sampling technique is Non-Probability Sampling using Total Sampling, where the number of samples is the same as the population of 100 people. The data processing method used Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate tests. Theresults showed that self-efficacy, outcome expectations, risk perception, planning, the effect of intention, maintenance, and planning strategies to overcome barriers had a significant effect on breastfeeding practices for working mothers in Batu Bara Regency as evidenced by the p-value of each variable 0.000 <0.05. The multivariate test results show that together the independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable, with the most dominant variable being the maintenance variable with an average value of 10.66. The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding and the duration of breastfeeding has no effect on the practice of breastfeeding for working mothers in Batu Bara Regency.

The Relationship Of The Role Of Delivery Aid, Breastfeeding Frequency, And Family Support With Exclusive Breastfeeding At Pmb Nurachmi Palembang In 2022

orld Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations of Children's Fund (UNICEF) regarding the global strategy for infant breastfeeding stated that the prevention of infant mortality is through proper feeding, ie through exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and the introduction of complementary foods ( MPASI). This study aims to determine the correlation of the roles of the childbirth helper, breastfeeding frequency and family support at PMB Nurachmi Palembang in 2022. Analytical Survey was used as the research design with a Cross Sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study was carried out by accidental sampling with a total sample of 45 respondents. Data collection was done through a questionnaire sheet and data analysis used Univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Chi Square test. The Univariate results showed 22 respondents (48.9%) giving exclusive breastfeeding, while 23 respondents (51.1%) did not give exclusive breastfeeding were. The respondents with the good category for the role of childbirth helpers were at 73.3%, those in the good category for the breastfeeding frequency were at 75.6% and the respondents with the high category of family support were at 51.1%. The results of the Chi Square statistical test showed that there was a role of childbirth helper with exclusive breastfeeding (p value = 0.023; OR = 7.692), there was no correlation of breastfeeding frequency and exclusive breastfeeding (p value = 1,000; OR = 1,200 ) and there was a correlation of family support to exclusive breastfeeding (p value = 0.039; OR = 5.556). Conclusion: there was a correlation of the childbirth helper and family support to the exclusive breastfeeding. It is expected that healthcare personnel are able to provide counseling and information to mothers who have babies regarding exclusive breastfeeding and for families to provide information and support to mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding.

The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine27th Annual International MeetingBaltimore, MarylandSeptember 15–18, 2022

The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine27^th Annual International MeetingBaltimore, MarylandSeptember 15–18, 2022

Bireysel emzirme eğitiminin emzirme davranışlarına ve geleneksel uygulamalara etkisi: Randomize kontrollü çalışma

Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of individual breastfeeding training on breastfeeding behaviors and traditional practices.Materials and Methods: The research was of randomized controlled design. The study was conducted at the family health centers in Kütahya, Turkey. A total of 304 mothers were recruited into the study, 152 in the intervention group and 152 in the control group. The Chi-Square Test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test and Multinomial logistic regression were performed. Results: After the training, the rates of the mothers whose breastfeeding duration and frequency were sufficient, who breastfed their babies in the correct position, who did not have any breastfeeding problems, and whose babies latched onto the breast correctly were significantly higher in the training group than were the rates of the mothers in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The individual breastfeeding training had an implication in improving breastfeeding behaviors and reduced harmful traditional practices.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Ikterus Pada Bayi Baru Lahir Di RSU UMMI

Jaundice is one of the contributors to infant morbidity in Indonesia because it can cause the baby's body to become weak and refuse to suck, increased muscle tone, stiff neck, muscle spasms, seizures, sensory disturbances, mental retardation, disability and even death. The purpose of this study was to determine Factors Related To Icterus Incident On Newborn Baby At Ummi Hospital. The method used is an analytical research design with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study are 55 mothers who have newborn babies and chosen by using accidental sampling technique. This study uses SPSS with a chi-square bivariate statistical test. The results of the univariate analysis showed that most of the respondents were not LBW, most were not ABO incompatibility, the frequency of breastfeeding was more than 8 times and most were not jaundiced. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between low birth weight, breastfeeding frequency, ABO incompatibility with the incidence of jaundice in newborns (p 0.000). Researchers suggest that Public Health Center is expected to provide information about health, especially about jaundice.

Adolescent Pregnancy: A Case-Series Study of 112 Adolescent Mothers and Their Newborns.

BackgroundAlthough declining, adolescent pregnancy remains an important health concern and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. We aimed to characterize adolescent pregnancy in a level II hospital and the observed maternal, fetal, and perinatal complications.MethodsWe conducted a case-series study of five-years duration with adolescent mothers and their newborns. We collected sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal data through chart review and conducted a comparison analysis between newborns who needed hospitalization and those who did not.ResultsWe identified 112 newborns with adolescent mothers. Most pregnancies were unplanned (89.3%) and the start of pregnancy surveillance was late. The most frequent complications were intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, and threatened preterm labor. Prematurity was found in 9.8% of the newborns and 0.9% had less than 32 weeks at the time of birth. Thirteen newborns (11.6%) needed hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, with three (23%) needing invasive ventilation. The main diagnoses of admission were prematurity, social risk, low birth weight, feeding difficulties, and newborn respiratory distress syndrome. Hospitalization seemed associated with less frequent breastfeeding. Among the hospitalized newborns, there was a high rate of discharge at the care of a relative or an institution (30.8%). Surprisingly, surveillance during pregnancy did not seem to differ between newborns that needed hospitalization and those that did not.DiscussionAdolescent pregnancy is associated with poor surveillance as well as obstetric and neonatal complications. Newborns of adolescent mothers have a high hospitalization rate, but further investigations are needed to fully understand the contributing factors. The creation of multidisciplinary teams is fundamental for reducing complications, and appropriate reproductive health programs should focus on reducing adolescent pregnancy through better access to education and contraception.

Factors associated with nutritional status of under five children in Rara Chhayanath Municipaity, Mugu district

Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cluster survey 2019, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 31.5%, 12% and 24.3% respectively. The prevalence of under nutrition is higher in Karnali Province than other Provinces of Nepal. This study is conducted to assess the factors affecting the nutritional status of under five years’ children in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district of Nepal which was purposively selected. Three wards were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from Little Buddha College of Health Science and Municipality. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting and wasting were high as compared to national data i.e., 40.4% and 14.1% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and minimum meal frequency were significantly associated with stunting and wasting.Conclusions: Socio-economic and child feeding practices were the associated factors of under nutrition. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.

High Maternal Total Cholesterol Is Associated With No-Catch-up Growth in Full-Term SGA Infants: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.

ObjectivesInfants born small for gestational age (SGA) with no catch-up growth (No-CU) are at high risk of intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, factors leading to No-CU among SGA infants are unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal total cholesterol (TC) in mid-pregnancy and No-CU at 3 years among full-term SGA infants.Study DesignThe Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) is a nationwide prospective birth cohort study. We extracted a total of 2,222 mothers and full-term SGA infants (length and/or weight <‐2 standard deviation [SD]) without congenital abnormalities from the original JECS cohort comprising a total of 104,062 fetal records. According to the distribution of maternal TC in the entire cohort, participants were classified into nine groups per each fifth percentile with the 20th–79th percentiles (204–260 mg/dl) as the reference group. No-CU was defined by a Z-score of height at 3 years <‐2 SD according to the growth standard charts for Japanese children. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were carried out using multiple imputations. Additionally, a multiple-adjusted restricted cubic spline model was performed in the complete dataset.ResultsA total of 362 (16.3%) children were No-CU at 3 years. After adjusting for the Z-score of birth weight, age of mother, smoking status, weight gain during pregnancy, breastfeeding and meal frequency at 2 years, and parents’ heights, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of No-CU was 2.95 (1.28–6.80) for children whose maternal TC levels were in the highest category (≥294 mg/dl), compared to the reference group. A multiple-adjusted restricted cubic spline model showed a non-linear trend of the significant association between high maternal TC and No-CU (p for linear trend = 0.05, p for quadratic trend <0.05).ConclusionHigh maternal TC at mid-pregnancy was associated with No-CU among SGA infants. Such infants should be carefully followed up to introduce appropriate growth hormonal treatment. The findings may support previous animal experimental studies which indicated that maternal high-fat diet exposure induces impairment of growth and skeletal muscle development in the offspring. Future studies are required to elucidate the detailed mechanism.

Prevalence of breastfeeding in the public health sector of Argentina according to the National Survey on Breastfeeding of 2017.

Breastfeeding reduces the risk for morbidity and mortality in children and also provides environmental and financial advantages. Breastfeeding monitoring is critical for public policies. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of breastfeeding in the population seeking care in the public sector, compare this prevalence to data from 2015, and assess associated outcome measures. Cross-sectional, observational study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect intake and sociodemographic data from infants aged < 6 months (n = 15 322) and 12-15 months (n = 3243) who sought care from public sector health care providers spontaneously between August and September 2017. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants < 6 months was 53.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.7-54.3); and at 4 and 6 months, 51.5% (95% CI: 49.7-53.4) and 41.7% (95% CI: 39.8-43.5), respectively. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 and 6 months increased compared to 2015 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of breastfeeding among infants aged 12-15 months was 77.8% (95% CI: 76.4-79.3). The following variables were independently associated with a lower frequency of exclusive breastfeeding (< 6 months old) and breastfeeding: older age, lower level of maternal education, delivery via C-section, low birth weight, initial breastfeeding after the first hour, and separation of the mother-child dyad ≥ 4 hours a day. Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and continued breastfeeding showed certain improvement, but the rate of breastfed infants is still below desirable levels.

Feasibility of the automatic ingestion monitor (AIM-2) for infant feeding assessment: a pilot study among breast-feeding mothers from Ghana.

Passive, wearable sensors can be used to obtain objective information in infant feeding, but their use has not been tested. Our objective was to compare assessment of infant feeding (frequency, duration and cues) by self-report and that of the Automatic Ingestion Monitor-2 (AIM-2). A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in Ghana. Mothers wore the AIM-2 on eyeglasses for 1 d during waking hours to assess infant feeding using images automatically captured by the device every 15 s. Feasibility was assessed using compliance with wearing the device. Infant feeding practices collected by the AIM-2 images were annotated by a trained evaluator and compared with maternal self-report via interviewer-administered questionnaire. Rural and urban communities in Ghana. Participants were thirty eight (eighteen rural and twenty urban) breast-feeding mothers of infants (child age ≤7 months). Twenty-five mothers reported exclusive breast-feeding, which was common among those < 30 years of age (n 15, 60 %) and those residing in urban communities (n 14, 70 %). Compliance with wearing the AIM-2 was high (83 % of wake-time), suggesting low user burden. Maternal report differed from the AIM-2 data, such that mothers reported higher mean breast-feeding frequency (eleven v. eight times, P = 0·041) and duration (18·5 v. 10 min, P = 0·007) during waking hours. The AIM-2 was a feasible tool for the assessment of infant feeding among mothers in Ghana as a passive, objective method and identified overestimation of self-reported breast-feeding frequency and duration. Future studies using the AIM-2 are warranted to determine validity on a larger scale.

Determinants of Infant Young Child Feeding Among Mothers of Malnourished Children in South Punjab, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

Inadequate feeding is one of the most critical underlying determinants of child malnutrition. In this study, we explore infant young child feeding (IYCF) and deconstruct breastfeeding barriers in mothers of severely malnourished children in one of the most marginalized districts of Punjab province of Pakistan. Using purposive sampling, 20 lactating mothers are recruited for open-ended semi-structured interviews. Results reveal that barriers to immediate and exclusive breastfeeding include the introduction of pre-lacteal, butter, and cow or formula milk by mothers and grandmothers. Birthing difficulties and ritualizing prelacteal to transfer religion and culture cause the delay of early initiation of breastmilk. The colostrum is also discarded based on its weird physical look. Moreover, household circumstances, limited diet, extra workload, and mental stress associated with marital relationships are other significant barriers. Mothers perceive their breastmilk as thin, impotent, and of bad quality and often complain against breastmilk insufficiency due to general weakness. Furthermore, poor mothers reduce breastfeeding when the fertility burden is high, especially if a female baby is in their womb. Alternatively, outer milk is recommended but washing bottles with detergents often becomes frequent. In conclusion, immediacy, exclusivity, frequency, and duration of breastfeeding are circumscribed owing to multiple social, cultural, and economic causes. Therefore, a holistic approach combining cultural and structural causes might be more relevant for successful IYCF practices in marginalized communities of Pakistan.

Timing of Circumcision and Breastfeeding Frequency: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial.

To date, there is little in the literature that describes any relationship between newborn circumcision, its timing, and breastfeeding outcomes. We sought to determine if the timing of circumcision in term, healthy newborns affects exclusive breastfeeding rates during the first 6 months of life. One hundred and forty-eight maternal-infant dyads were enrolled in a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial between June 2016 and July 2019. Study participants included parent-infant dyads who desired both circumcision and breastfeeding. Newborns were randomized into 3 groups for circumcision: "early," circumcised within 24 hours of delivery; "intermediate," circumcised between 24 to 72 hours of age; and "late," circumcised between 1 and 3 weeks of age. The primary outcome was exclusive breastfeeding duration, assessed at discharge, 2 weeks, and 2, 4, and 6 months. Baseline characteristics between groups were similar. Exclusive breastfeeding decreased more rapidly over 6 months in the intermediate group (by 74%, 89% to 23%), as compared to the early (by 34%, 81% to 53%) or late (by 50%, 88% to 44%) groups (P = .04). Exclusive breastfeeding was less common in the intermediate group (circumcision between 24 and 72 hours), as compared to the early and late circumcision groups, at each measured time point beyond 2 weeks of age. Circumcision before 24 hours of age may be advantageous with respect to increased exclusive breastfeeding throughout the first 6 months of life. Deferral of circumcision beyond the immediate newborn period was not superior to performing the procedure within the first 24 hours.

Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach to Predict Theophylline Pharmacokinetics Using Virtual Non-Pregnant, Pregnant, Fetal, Breast-Feeding, and Neonatal Populations.

Perinatal pharmacology is influenced by a myriad of physiological variables that are changing dynamically. The influence of these covariates has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this work was to use theophylline as a model drug and to predict its pharmacokinetics before, during (including prediction of the umbilical cord level), and after pregnancy as well as in milk (after single and multiple doses) and in neonates using a physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Neonatal theophylline exposure from milk consumption was projected in both normal term and preterm subjects. Predicted infant daily doses were calculated using theophylline average and maximum concentration in the milk as well as an estimate of milk consumption. Predicted concentrations and parameters from the PBPK model were compared to the observed data. PBPK predicted theophylline concentrations in non-pregnant and pregnant populations at different gestational weeks were within 2-fold of the observations and the observed concentrations fell within the 5th−95th prediction interval from the PBPK simulations. The PBPK model predicted an average cord-to-maternal plasma ratio of 1.0, which also agrees well with experimental observations. Predicted postpartum theophylline concentration profiles in milk were also in good agreement with observations with a predicted milk-to-plasma ratio of 0.68. For an infant of 2 kg consuming 150 ml of milk per day, the lactation model predicted a relative infant dose (RID) of 12 and 17% using predicted average (Cavg,ss) and maximum (Cmax,ss) concentration in milk at steady state. The maximum RID of 17% corresponds to an absolute infant daily dose of 1.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg/day. This dose, when administered as 0.233 mg/kg every 4 h, to resemble breastfeeding frequency, resulted in plasma concentrations as high as 3.9 (1.9–6.8) mg/L and 2.8 (1.3–5.3) (5th−95th percentiles) on day 7 in preterm (32 GW) and full-term neonatal populations.

The Impact of a Prenatal Education Program for Opioid-Dependent Mothers on Breastfeeding Rates of Infants at Risk for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

This study aimed to determine the effect of a prenatal education program for opioid-dependent women on breastfeeding frequency, newborn hospital length of stay, and cost of care for neonates at risk of developing neonatal abstinence syndrome. From January1, 2015 to January1, 2020, opioid-dependent obstetric patients were educated on non-pharmacological preventative measures for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), with focused counseling on breastfeeding. Data were collected and compared to a control group of opioid-dependent pregnant women who received standard care before initiation of the education program. Sample size calculation revealed that to detect doubling of the breastfeeding rate from 25% to 50% with 80% power and α error of 0.05, 66 participants were required in each group. There were 75 women with opioid use disorder who had prenatal NAS education (study group) and 108 women with opioid use disorder who underwent standard care before NAS education (control group). Prenatal NAS education participants significantly increased breastfeeding initiation rates compared to the control group. Newborn length of stay significantly decreased after initiation of prenatal NAS education compared to the 36months before NAS education program.

HUBUNGAN BREASFEEDING SELF EFFICACY (BSE) TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS REJOSARI KOTA PEKANBARU

&#x0D; Breast milk is the best natural food for babies. Breast milk contains various substances that are needed in the process of growth, baby development, health and immunity. There are several factors in facilitating the production and expenditure of breast milk, namely breast care, frequency of breastfeeding, stress and disease or maternal health, consumption of cigarettes or alcohol, contraceptive pills, nutritional intake. According to Riskesdas 2018, exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia 2014 was 37.3%, 2015 was 55.7%, 2016 was 54%, in 2017 it was 61.33% and in 2018 experienced a very significant decrease of 37.7% . This study aims to determine the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers in the working area of ​​the Rejosari Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This study used a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were breastfeeding mothers with a total sample of 50 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The instrument of this research used a questionnaire. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. Based on the results of the study, the results of the che square test were obtained with a significance value of 0.022 where &lt;0.05, which means that there is an influence of breastfeeding self-efficacy with the success of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of ​​the Rejosari Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This proves that breastfeeding mothers who have high trust will succeed in providing exclusive breastfeeding to their babies &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: breasfeeding self efficacy, exslusife breastfeeding

Improving Exclusive Breastfeeding Behavior of Primipara Mothers With Lactation Education and Individualized Counseling Intervention

IntroductionNew mothers often need support to establish and maintain breastfeeding, and they may find it difficult to access breastfeeding resources locally. Therefore, postpartum lactation education and counseling of primipara mothers were given by integrating into their routine follow-ups in the family health center. This study was conducted to determine the effect of lactation education and individual counseling intervention integrated into the routine follow-up visits of primipara mothers in family health centers on exclusive breastfeeding rates and breastfeeding behaviors during the first 6 months postpartum.MethodsA two-factor, pretest–posttest, controlled, semi-experimental, prospective study was conducted. The study was conducted in three family health centers in a city on the north coast of Turkey. The interviews with the primipara mothers were performed between the 24th and 72nd hours and at the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th months postpartum.ResultsThe rates of giving exclusive breastfeeding to the infants in the first 6 months were 68% in the study group and 38% in the control group, exhibiting a statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to breastfeeding frequency (p =.001).ConclusionsIt was determined that the education and counseling integrated into the existing health system were effective in increasing the EBF rates and breastfeeding behaviors of primipara mothers in the first 6 months after birth.