Frequency Of Breakfast Research Articles

Bed and Breakfast: The Role of Sleep in Breakfast Intake

Breakfast intake is associated with numerous positive physical and mental health outcomes, yet skipping breakfast remains common in adults. Sleep behaviors show potential as predictors of breakfast intake; the existing literature, however, has methodological limitations. The current investigation explored the association of means and intraindividual variability of a variety of sleep behaviors (bedtime, midsleep, sleep duration) as predictors of the frequency of eating breakfast and frequency of high-protein breakfast intake. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to assess direct associations between sleep behaviors and breakfast intake frequency. Variability in bedtime was a significant predictor of the frequency of breakfast intake, with greater variability associated with less frequent intake. Variability in sleep duration and midsleep was not significant predictors of the frequency of breakfast intake. Both variability and mean sleep behaviors were not significant predictors of the frequency of breakfast intake or high-protein breakfast intake. Because greater regularity in bedtimes was associated with more frequent breakfast intake, it is plausible that there should be increased education regarding the importance of regularity of sleep behaviors.

Parental phone use during mealtimes with toddlers and the associations with feeding practices and shared family meals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPositive parental feeding practices and a higher frequency of family meals are related to healthier child dietary habits. Parents play an essential role when it comes to the development of their child’s eating habits. However, parents are increasingly distracted by their mobile phone during mealtimes. The aim of this study was to describe the feeding practices and daily shared family meals among parents who use and do not use a mobile phone during mealtimes, and further to explore the associations between the use of a mobile phone during mealtimes and feeding practices and daily shared family meals, respectively.MethodsCross-sectional data from the Food4toddler study were used to explore the association between mobile use during meals and parental feeding practices including family meals. In 2017/2018 parents of toddlers were recruited through social media to participate in the study. In total 298 out of 404 who volunteered to participate, filled in a baseline questionnaire, including questions from the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ), questions of frequency of family meals and use of mobile phone during meals.ResultsHerein, 4 out of 10 parents reported various levels of phone use (meal distraction) during mealtimes. Parental phone use was associated with lower use of positive parental feeding practices like modelling (B = − 1.05 (95% CI -1.69; − 0.41)) and family food environment (B = − 0.77 (95% CI -1.51; − 0.03)), and more use of negative parental feeding practices like emotional regulation (B = 0.73 (95% CI 0.32; 1.14)) and the use of pressure to eat (B = 1.22 (95% CI 0.41; 2.03)). Furthermore, parental phone use was associated with a lower frequency of daily family breakfast (OR = 0.50 (95% CI 0.31; 0.82)) and dinner (OR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.35; 0.93)).ConclusionsMobile phone use is common among parents during mealtimes, and findings indicate that parental phone use is associated with less healthy feeding practices and shared family meals. These findings highlight the importance of making parents aware of potential impacts of meal distractions.Trial registrationISRCTN92980420. Registered 13 September 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Analysis of the Effects of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Habits on Depression in Korean Adults.

While several studies have explored nutrient intake and dietary habits associated with depression, few studies have reflected recent trends and demographic factors. Therefore, we examined how nutrient intake and eating habits are associated with depression, according to gender and age. We performed simple and multiple regressions using nationally representative samples of 10,106 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results indicated that cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium, frequency of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and eating out were significantly associated with depression (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, depression was associated with nutrient intake and dietary habits by gender and age group: sugar, breakfast, lunch, and eating out frequency in the young women’s group; sodium and lunch frequency among middle-age men; dietary fibers, breakfast, and eating out frequency among middle-age women; energy, moisture, carbohydrate, lunch, and dinner frequency in late middle-age men; breakfast and lunch frequency among late middle-age women; vitamin A, carotene, lunch, and eating out frequency among older age men; and fat, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and eating out frequency among the older age women’s group (p-value < 0.05). This study can be used to establish dietary strategies for depression prevention, considering gender and age.

Depression and anxiety and assciated factors among college students returned to campus during the outbreak of COVID-19

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of depression and anxiety and assciated factors of back-to-school college students during the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide theoretical basis for emotional counseling and psychological crisis intervention after long-term school closure due to epidemic outbreak. Methods Cluster sampling was used to select the first batch of 2 697 back-to-school students in a high vocational college. The survey content includes basic information questionnaire, Depression Self-rating Scale (SDS) and Anxiety Self-rating Scale (SAS). Results The detection rate of depression and anxiety was 31.8% and 10.4% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depression in female college students was 1.28 times higher than that in male students. The risk of depression among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.30 times that of those without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Outgoing personality ( OR = 0.62), neutral ( OR = 0.55) and mild temper ( OR = 0.46), moderate frequency of physical exercise per week (1–2 times: OR = 0.73, 3–4 times: OR = 0.65) were protective effects for depression in college students.Low frequency of breakfast were the risk effects for depression in college. The risk of anxiety among college students who was the only child in the family was 1.61 times higher than that who was not the only child in the family. The risk of anxiety among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.45 times higher than that college students without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Neutral temper, mild temper and physical exercise 1–2 times a week were associated with lower level of anxiety in college students ( OR = 0.67, 0.56, 0.67). Breakfast skipping ( OR = 2.03) was associated with higher levvel of anxiety in college students. Conlusions During the outbreak of COVID-19, the first batch of back-to-school college students presented high level of depression. Colleges are suggested to promptly carry out effective emotional relief and psychological intervention for students, especially those whose family suffered in COVID-19, the only child in the family, with poor breakfast eating habits, as well as breakfast skipping and lack of physical exercise. 【摘要】 目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间返校大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪现况及其影响因素, 为后续开展有效的情绪 疏导和心理干预提供依据。 方法采用整群抽样的方法对安徽中医药髙等专科学校首批返校的2 697名大学生进行自编 问卷调査, 内容包括基本信息、抑郁自评量表 (Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS) 和焦虑自评量表 (Self-rating Anxiety Scale, SAS) 等。 结果 首批返校大学生抑郁检出率为31.8%, 焦虑检出率为10.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 女生产生抑 郁情绪的风险是男生的1.28倍;因疫情致家庭损失的大学生产生抑郁情绪的风险是无家庭损失的1.30倍;外向性格 ( OR = 0.62)、中性脾气 ( OR = 0.55)及温和脾气 ( OR = 0.46)、每周体育锻炼次数适中 (1~2次:OR = 0.73;3~4次:OR = 0.65)与大 学生产生抑郁情绪呈负相关;早餐次数较少与大学生产生抑郁情绪呈正相关。独生子女大学生产生焦虑情绪风险是非独 生子女的1.61倍;因疫情致家庭损失的大学生产生焦虑情绪的风险是无家庭损失的1.45倍;中性脾气 ( OR = 0.67)及温和 脾气 ( OR = 0.56)、每周体育锻炼1~2次 ( OR = 0.67)与大学生产生焦虑情绪呈负相关;从来不吃早餐 ( OR = 2.03)与大学生 产生焦虑情绪呈正相关。 结论新冠肺炎流行期间, 首批返校大学生群体抑郁检出率较髙。学校应针对有因疫情所致损 失经历、独生子女、具有不良早餐习惯、缺乏体育锻炼的学生及时开展有效情绪疏解和心理干预。

The Sequential Mediating Effects of Dietary Behavior and Perceived Stress on the Relationship between Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Multicultural Adolescent Health.

Studies have examined the impact of social determinants of health on the health behaviors and health statuses of ethnic minority adolescents. This study examines the subjective health of this population by examining the direct effects of multicultural adolescents’ subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and the sequential mediating effects of their dietary behaviors and perceived stress. We utilized secondary data of 500 middle school students from multicultural families who participated in the 15th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey, 2019. Information about SES, perceived stress, subjective health status, and dietary behavior (measured by the breakfast intake frequency during the prior week) were utilized. For the relationship between the SES and the subjective health status, we confirmed the sequential mediating effects of breakfast frequency and perceived stress using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS macro with bootstrapping. The results showed that SES had a direct effect on subjective health status and indirectly influenced subjective health status through the sequential mediating effect of breakfast frequency and perceived stress. However, SES had no direct effects on perceived stress. These findings emphasize that broadening the community-health lens to consider the upstream factor of SES when preparing health promotion interventions is essential to achieving health equity for vulnerable populations.

Cross-sectional association of meal skipping with lipid profiles and blood glucose in Chinese adults

ObjectivesThere is an increasing trend of skipping meals, especially breakfast and dinner, in China. Previous studies on the association of meal skipping with lipid profiles and blood glucose have yielded inconsistent results. MethodsA national representative survey of 47 841 adults (age ≥ 45 y) was conducted in China. Frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner consumption were assessed with a questionnaire. Blood triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were measured using standard methods. Generalized linear models were used to estimate relative concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ResultsOf 37 355 participants included in the analysis, the prevalence of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner was 9.06%, 0.67%, and 0.67%, respectively. Breakfast skippers are more likely to reside in rural areas, while lunch and dinner skippers tend to be urban residents. Compared with regular breakfast consumption, skipping breakfast was associated with 10.6% (95% CI, 8.3–12.9%) higher concentrations of triacylglycerols, 5.5% (95% CI, 4.7–6.3%) higher total cholesterol, 7.7% (95% CI, 6.5–8.9%) higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 2.4% (95% CI, 1.5–3.4%) lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 1.6% (95% CI, 1.0–2.1%) lower fasting blood glucose. Significant linear trends were observed for days of skipping breakfast per week and biomarker concentrations. No association was found for lunch or dinner skipping. The higher triacylglycerols and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol associated with skipping breakfast were more evident in participants who were overweight or obese, and those who were physically inactive. ConclusionsOur findings suggest a worse lipid profile of breakfast skippers. Not skipping breakfast might benefit cardiovascular disease prevention in Chinese adults.

Eating Habits and Lifestyles during the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Lockdown in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Due to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Chinese government implemented strict lockdown measures to control the spread of infection. The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on eating habits and lifestyles in the general population is unclear. This cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey to obtain an overview of the food access, food intake, and physical activity of Chinese residents during the initial stage of the COVID-19 lockdown, and to investigate the association between staying at home/working from home and changes in eating habits and lifestyles. A total of 2702 participants (70.7% women) were included. Most of the participants maintained their habitual diet, while 38.2% increased their snack intake, 54.3% reported reduced physical activity, and 45.5% had increased sleep duration. Most people (70.1%) reported no change in body weight, while 25.0% reported an increase. Always staying at home/working from home was associated with an increase in animal product, vegetable, fruit, mushroom, nut, water, and snack intake, as well as sleep duration and frequency of skipping breakfast (odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 1.62, 1.58, 1.53, 1.57, 1.52, 1.77, 2.29, and 1.76 respectively). Suggestions should be made to encourage people to reduce their snack intake, maintain the daily consumption of breakfast, and increase physical activity during future lockdown periods.

Weight self-perception in adolescents: evidence from a population-based study.

To evaluate weight misperception among adolescents and determine associations between self-perceived weight and socio-demographic characteristics, BMI, screen time, self-rated food quantity and diet quality, weekly frequency of breakfast and the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. A cross-sectional, two-stage, probabilistic population-based study was conducted in Campinas, Brazil. Multinomial logistic regressions were run to estimate weight self-perception. Data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp) and Campinas Food Consumption Survey (ISACamp-Nutri). A total of 911 adolescents aged 10-19 years. Nearly half (47·7 %) of the adolescents with overweight/obesity did not evaluate their weight properly. Weight self-perception as thin and excess weight was associated with the female gender, overweight/obesity, self-rated diet quality as poor/very poor and eating snacks ≥3 times/week. Adolescents who did not consume breakfast daily were less likely to perceive themselves as thin. Adolescents who ate excessively were more likely and those who consumed cookies/crackers ≥3 times/week were less likely to perceive themselves as having excess weight. Greater weight misperception was found in overweight/obese adolescents. Gender, BMI, self-rated food quantity/diet quality, weekly frequency of breakfast and some unhealthy foods were associated with self-perceived weight. The present findings could contribute to health promotion strategies targeting adolescents.

Daily Timing of Meals and Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review.

The timing of food intake throughout the day can alter circadian clocks and metabolism to modulate the course of obesity. We conducted a systematic literature review to determine whether the timing of meals could alter the change in body weight after bariatric surgery in adults. Twelve cohort studies examined the association between meal timing and changes in body weight after bariatric surgery. Eight studies suggested an association between meal timing and weight loss. All studies examined simple exposure variables such as frequency of breakfast or dinner consumption and overnight meals. Overall, the low-quality evidence that food consumption at the end of the day is associated with lower weight loss after bariatric surgery in adults warrants further research.

Breakfast Frequency Is Inversely Associated with Weight Gain in a Cohort of Mexican Women

Food timing affects circadian rhythms involved in weight control. Regular consumption of breakfast may affect body weight. We examined the relation between breakfast frequency with weight change in middle-age women over a 3-y period. We used data from 65,099 nonpregnant women aged >20 y participating in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC) who at baseline (2006-2008) were cancer free and for whom self-reported breakfast frequency at baseline was available. We analyzed body weight change between baseline and the first follow-up (2011) according to breakfast frequency. Participants were classified according to baseline breakfast frequency 0, 1-3, 4-6, or 7 d/wk and meal frequency 1-2, 3-4, or≥5 meals/d. We used linear and modified Poisson regression to analyze body weight change as a continuous variable and for weight gain≥5kg (yes/no), respectively. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders. At baseline, 25% of participants were daily breakfast consumers and 18.4% of women increased≥5kg between 2008 and 2011. The prevalence of weight gain≥5kg among daily breakfast consumers was 7% lower than among those who skipped breakfast (prevalence ratio: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97; P-trend=0.02). The association was stronger among normal-weight women at baseline with a corresponding estimate of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.97; P-trend=0.02). Daily breakfast consumption was inversely associated with weight gain≥5kg over 3 y in middle-aged Mexican women. Regular breakfast may be an important dietary factor for body weight change.

Understanding Vocational Students' Motivation for Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors.

Unhealthy eating behaviors and low levels of physical activity are major problems in adolescents and young adults in vocational education. To develop effective intervention programs, more research is needed to understand how different types of motivation contribute to health behaviors. In the present study, Self-Determination Theory is used to examine how motivation contributes to dietary and physical activity behaviors in vocational students. This cross-sectional study included 809 students (mean age 17.8 ± 1.9 years) attending vocational education in the Netherlands. Linear multilevel regression analyses were used to investigate the association between types of motivation and dietary and physical activity behaviors. Amotivation was negatively associated with breakfast frequency and positively associated with diet soda consumption and high-calorie between-meal snacks. A positive association was found between autonomous motivation and water intake, breakfast frequency, fruit intake, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Autonomous motivation was negatively associated with the consumption of unhealthy products. Controlled motivation was not associated with physical activity or dietary behaviors. Different types of motivation seem to explain either healthy or unhealthy dietary behaviors in vocational students. Autonomous motivation, in particular, was shown to be associated with healthy behaviors and could therefore be a valuable intervention target.

Associations of Skipping Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner with Weight Gain and Overweight/Obesity in University Students: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Although multiple studies have identified skipping breakfast as a risk factor for weight gain, there is limited evidence on the clinical impact of skipping lunch and dinner on weight gain. This retrospective cohort study including 17,573 male and 8860 female university students at a national university in Japan, assessed the association of the frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner with the incidence of weight gain (≥10%) and overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), using annual participant health checkup data. Within the observation period of 3.0 ± 0.9 years, the incidence of ≥10% weight gain was observed in 1896 (10.8%) men and 1518 (17.1%) women, respectively. Skipping dinner was identified as a significant predictor of weight gain in multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression models for both men and women (skipping ≥ occasionally vs. eating every day, adjusted incidence rate ratios, 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.98) and 1.67 (1.33–2.09) in male and female students, respectively), whereas skipping breakfast and lunch were not. Similarly, skipping dinner, not breakfast or lunch, was associated with overweight/obesity (1.74 (1.07–2.84) and 1.68 (1.02–2.78) in men and women, respectively). In conclusion, skipping dinner predicted the incidence of weight gain and overweight/obesity in university students.

Breakfast consumption is inversely associated with primary headaches in university students: The MEPHASOUS study

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to examine the association between breakfast consumption pattern and primary headaches in a large population of university students. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was done on the MEPHASOUS dataset that contained the information of 83,677 university students, aged ≥18 years, from 28 provinces of Iran. Dietary intakes and breakfast consumption pattern were assessed using a validated self-administered dietary habits questionnaire. Primary headaches were determined according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) criteria. Binary logistic regression in different adjusted models was used to assess the association between breakfast consumption and primary headaches. ResultsThe mean age of participants was 21.50 ± 4.01. Primary headaches were prevalent among 9% of university students. A significant inverse association was seen between breakfast consumption and odds of primary headaches [odds ratio (OR): 0.57, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.51−0.62]. This association remained significant even after taking potential confounders into account; such that students who consumed breakfast frequently had 26 % lower odds of primary headaches compared with those who consumed it <1 day/week (OR: 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.65−0.85). Moreover, such a significant inverse association was observed in female students (OR: 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.49−0.61) as well as those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR: 0.68, 95 % CI: 0.58−0.79). However, it became non-significant in male students and those with overweight or obesity. ConclusionWe found that frequent breakfast consumption is associated with a decreased odds of primary headaches in female students and those with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

A systematic review of interventions to increase breakfast consumption: a socio-cognitive perspective.

Regular breakfast skipping is related to unhealthy dietary behaviours, such as consuming an overall poorer quality diet and lower rates of physical activity, both of which are linked to a higher BMI. Adolescent breakfast skippers struggle with mental focus, sleep issues and lower grades. Solutions that can be implemented to overcome breakfast skipping are needed. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify programmes that aimed to increase breakfast eating. Following the PRISMA framework, studies were sourced to examine details of behaviour change, evidence of theory use and other important programme learnings and outcomes. Breakfast consumption empirical studies published from 2000 onwards. Nineteen empirical studies that aimed to improve breakfast eating behaviour. Out of the nineteen studies examined, ten studies reported an increase in breakfast consumption frequency for the entire study group or subgroups. Seven studies found no change, one was inconclusive and one observed a decrease in breakfast frequency. Positive changes to the dietary quality of breakfast were observed in five of the studies that did not observe increased frequency of breakfast consumption. Only six studies reported using theory in the intervention. This evidence review points needed to extend theory application to establish a reliable evidence base that can be followed by practitioners seeking to increase breakfast eating rates in their target population.

Relationship between breakfast eating frequency and health-risk behavior of high school students in Chongqing

Objective To investigate the relationship between breakfast eating frequency and health-risk behavior of high school students in Chongqing, and provide a reference for conducting students to get a good habit of eating breakfast everyday. Methods A total of 3 283 high school students in Chongqing were selected to participate in a questionnarie by using convenience sampling method. Logistic regression analysis were condueted to analyze the influences made by the unhealty eating behaviors on eating frequency of breakfast. Results There were 2 064(69.2%) students eating breakfast everyday, 1 219(37.1%) students having no breakfast or eating breakfast sometimes. There were significant differences between different gender, grade, native place, drinking energy drink, smoking, drinking alcohol, gambling, internet addiction students’ rate of unhealthy breakfast eating frequency (χ 2 = 6.80, 53.97, 8.10, 23.79, 7.89, 16.31, 3.93, 17.96, P <0.05), the males’ (36.1%) was beyond the females’ (33.3%), the energy drink drinkers’ (41.2%) was beyond the non-drinkers’ (31.7%), the smokers’ (40.9%) was beyond the non-smokers’ (34.4%), the alcohol drinkers’ (40.3%) was beyond the non-drinkers’ (33. 3%), the gamblers’ (39. 7%) was beyond the non-gamblers’ (34.3%), those having internet addictions’ (40.0%) was beyond those having no addictions’ (33.0%). Drinking energy drink ( OR = 1.32, 95% CI =1.12-1.55), drinking alcohol ( OR =1.24, 95% CI =1.02-1.51), internet addiction ( OR =1.42, 95% CI =1.19-1.68) were positively correlated with unhealthy breakfast eating frequency of high school students ( P <0.05). Conclusion Social, families and schools should strengthen the guidance of high school students to develop the habit of eating breakfast every day, and advoid the clustering of skipping breakfast and health-risk behaviors. 【摘要】 目的 了解髙中生早餐食用频次与健康危险行为的关系, 为引导髙中生养成每天吃早餐习惯提供参考。 方法 采用方便抽样方法, 在重庆某区选取1所髙中, 对其中3个年级的学生3 283名进行问卷调査。采用Logistic回归分析健康 危险行为对早餐食用频次的影响。 结果 髙中生每天吃早餐的有2 064名 (62.9%), 不吃或有时吃早餐的有1 219名 (37.1%)。不同性别、年级、生源地、能量饮料饮用、吸烟、饮酒、赌博、网络成瘾的髙中生不健康早餐食用报告 (不吃或有时 吃)比例差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 值分别为 6.80,53.97,8.10,23.79,7.89, 16.31, 3.93, 17.96, P 值均<0.05), 男生 (36.1%)髙于 女生 (33.3%), 饮用能量饮料学生 (41.2%)髙于不饮用学生 (31.7%), 吸烟学生 (40.9%)髙于不吸烟学生 (34.4%), 饮酒学 生(40.3%)髙于不饮酒学生 (33.3%), 赌博学生 (39.7%)髙于不赌博学生 (34.3%), 网络成瘾学生 (40.0%)髙于不成瘾学 生 (33.0%)。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示, 能量饮料饮用 ( OR =1.32,95% CI =1.12~1.55)、饮酒 ( OR =1.24,95% CI =1.02〜 1.51)、网络成瘾 ( OR =1.42,95% CI =1.19~1.68) 与髙中生不健康早餐食用频次呈正相关 ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 社会、家 庭、学校应加强引导髙中生养成每天吃早餐的习惯, 避免不吃早餐与危险行为聚集出现。

Skipping breakfast among preschoolers: associated factors and its dose-response relationship with overweight/obesity

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate factors associated with skipping breakfast in preschoolers and test a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the prevalence of overweight/obesity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 463 children (24 to 59 months of age) who live in the urban location of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Sociodemographic data, maternal and child nutritional status, lifestyle, and dietary practices were collected using a standardized questionnaire and Habitual Food Recall during a home-based interview. Skipping breakfast was defined as a frequency of consumption “less than seven days a week”. Based on body mass index by age, children were classified as overweight/obese if Z-score ≥2. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between the variables surveyed and skipping breakfast. The dose-dependent relationship between breakfast frequency and overweight/obesity was determined by the trend test. Results The prevalence of skipping breakfast was 8.42% (95%IC: 6.1-11.3). There was an association between the habit of substituting dinner for a sandwich/snack (adjusted OR: 2.61, 95%IC: 1.25-5.46; p=0.010) and the mother’s overweight (adjusted OR: 2.63; 95%CI: 1.29-5.37; p=0.008) with the habit of skipping breakfast. The trend test shows that the prevalence of overweight/obesity decreases as the frequency of breakfast consumption increases (p=0.035). Additionally, when assessing the quality of breakfast, frequent consumption of foods considered unhealthy was observed. Conclusion There is a dose-response association between overweight/obesity and skipping breakfast. Children who substitute traditional dinner for a sandwich/snack and whose mothers are overweight are more likely to skip breakfast.

School-based nutrition education improves breakfast-related personal influences and behavior of Indonesian adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMany adolescents in developing countries skip breakfast. Innovative nutrition education (NE) strategies are needed to enhance knowledge and skills related to the breakfasts of adolescents in a low socioeconomic setting. The objective was to evaluate short- and long-term effects of a multi-strategy, school-based NE intervention on adolescents' breakfast-related personal influences and behaviors.SUBJECTS/METHODSAn intervention study with a cluster randomized controlled trial design was conducted in 4 senior high schools in Makassar, Indonesia. The multi-strategy NE intervention was delivered for 3 months. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and a 3-day breakfast recall (face-to-face interview). Wilcoxon, McNemar, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine intra- and intergroup differences.RESULTSUnlike knowledge, improvement was observed in attitude and self-efficacy scores in the intervention groups (IGs) (P < 0.01); however, no significant changes were observed in the control group (CG). More students showed improved motivation in the IG than in the CG (P > 0.05). Changes in breakfast frequency and macronutrient intake from breakfast were greater in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSA multi-strategy NE intervention is effective in producing positive changes in breakfast-related attitude, self-efficacy, and motivation of adolescents from a low-middle socioeconomic setting. The intervention improved breakfast frequency and nutrient intake. This intervention has promise for sustaining the observed changes over the long-term.

Breakfast skipping alone and in interaction with inflammatory based quality of diet increases the risk of higher scores of psychological problems profile in a large sample of Iranian adults.

The authors investigate the association of breakfast skipping and its interaction with a dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the severity of psychological disorders. A total of 2876 Iranian general adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Psychological problems profile score was calculated using the regression method in the framework of factor analysis based on depression, anxiety and psychological distress. The higher scores indicate more severity of mental problem. The frequency of breakfast eating in a week was assessed. Dietary intakes were assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire and twenty-seven items were included in the calculation of DII. In the crude model, individuals who ate breakfast seldom had the highest odds for having worse psychological problems profile (OR 3⋅59; 95 % CI 2⋅52, 5⋅11). Adjustment for various confounders did not change the associations (OR 3⋅35; 95 % CI 2⋅11, 5⋅32). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression model, participants with high DII (>median) who skipped breakfast had highest risk of being in the higher tertiles of psychological problems profile compared with those who had low DII (<median) and ate breakfast (OR 6⋅67; 95 % CI 3⋅45, 12⋅90). Similar results were observed in women and men regarding the impact of breakfast skipping alone and interaction with DII on scores of psychological problems profile. Breakfast skipping is associated with higher risk of psychological problems. Similar findings were obtained in the stratified analysis by sex. Our findings confirmed that the DII and breakfast skipping are associated with mental health, interactionally. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the true link between breakfast skipping and psychological problems.

Diet, Exercise, Lifestyle, and Mental Distress among Young and Mature Men and Women: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Customization of mental health therapies needs to consider the differences in degree of brain maturity between young (18–29 years) and mature (30 years or older) adults as well as brain morphology among men and women. The aim of this study was to identify the significant dietary and lifestyle contributors to mental distress in these sub-populations. Independent repeated cross-sectional sampling was performed for over a 5-year period (2014–2019) to collect data from different populations at different time-points and seasons. A backward stepwise regression analysis was used on 2628 records. Mental distress in young women was associated with high consumption of caffeine and fast-food, and it was negatively correlated with moderate-high levels of exercise as well as frequent breakfast consumption. Mature women shared several common factors with young women; however, high fruit consumption was negatively associated with mental distress. For young men, high exercise, moderate consumption of dairy, and moderate-high intake of meat were negatively associated with mental distress. In addition, high fast-food and caffeine consumption were positively associated with mental distress in young men. For mature men, strong negative associations between higher education, moderate intake of nuts and mental distress surfaced. Our results support the need to customize dietary and lifestyle recommendations to improve mental wellbeing.

Associations between breakfast consumption from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review

AbstractAimBreakfast consumption may be associated favourably with cardiometabolic health. Most studies only measure breakfast consumption at one timepoint, whereas repeated measures allow for associations to be explored from a life course perspective. This systematic review assessed evidence from cohort studies on associations between breakfast consumption from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic health.MethodsSeven databases were searched; eligible records included analyses assessing breakfast consumption in childhood and adulthood, and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity or associated clinical risk factors. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for cohort studies.ResultsSix eligible articles were reviewed, representing four cohort studies from two countries. Body composition was the only outcome investigated by five articles; the sixth article investigated body composition as well as a metabolic syndrome score and serum cardiometabolic risk markers. Most articles found significant associations between breakfast consumption in childhood and adulthood and cardiometabolic benefits, however the quality of evidence was poor. Childhood and adulthood breakfast consumption were each associated with cardiometabolic benefits, and breakfast consumption over both life stages was associated with greater benefits. An increase in breakfast consumption from childhood to adulthood was also associated with cardiometabolic benefits.ConclusionsWe evaluated the available literature and found limited studies of low quality to suggest that more frequent breakfast consumption across both childhood and adulthood may be associated with the greatest cardiometabolic benefits. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the relationship between breakfast and cardiometabolic health from a cross‐lifestage perspective.