ABO Frequencies Research Articles

Frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in Saudi healthy blood donors versus non-Saudi in a retrospective study in Makkah City

Purpose: to assess the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among Saudi and non-Saudi healthy blood donors and to compare between them. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted; in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. It included 15,365 participants of 44 nationalities who have attended the blood bank of King Abdul Aziz Hospital. The collected data were age, sex, nationality, ABO, and Rhesus blood groups. Results: 46.8 % of the participants were O, 28.8 % A, 19.5 % B, and 4.9% AB. The nationalities with a higher frequency of blood group O were Saudi, Mauritanian, Yemeni, Thai, Malian, Sudanese, Jordanian, Indian, Moroccan, Somali, Malaysian, Indonesian, Myanmar, Nigerian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Algerian, Djibouti, Burkinabe, Eritrean, Ghanaian, Bahraini, Bosnian, Canadian, Gambian, Iraqi, and Sri Lankan. Those with a higher frequency of blood group A were Turkish, Palestinian, Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, Afghan, Chadian, French, Tunisian, Cameroonian, Ethiopian, and British. Those with a higher frequency of B were Nigerien, American, Nepalese, and two nationalities with higher AB frequency Filipino and Chinese. 91.6 % of all populations were Rh-positive, and 8.4% were Rh-negative. The Saudi participants were like some nationalities and differed from others. Conclusion: In Makkah city, the higher frequency of ABO blood group in Saudi and non -Saudi people is O followed by A, then B, and AB. The Rh-positive is predominant, and 8.4% of the participants are negative. The ABO and Rh blood groups' identifications are essential for providing suitable blood storage for individuals in need.

ABO and Rhesus D blood groups in the Northern Territory of Australia.

There are no contemporary published data on the frequency of the ABO and Rhesus D (RhD) blood groups in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, particularly for the large Aboriginal population. To establish the frequencies of ABO and RhD blood groups in the NT Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations in order to aid transfusion inventory management and clinical practice. Retrospective data were collected from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012. All patients with a blood group sample processed by the NT public hospital laboratories and a recorded ABO and RhD report were included. Results were analysed using Stata 14. The Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations had significantly different ABO and RhD distributions (P < 0.001). For Aboriginal individuals, 955/1686 (56.6%) were group O and 669/1686 (39.7%) were group A. In non-Aboriginal individuals, 1201/2657 (45.2%) were group O and 986/2657 (37.1%) were group A. We found that 1646/1686 (97.6%) of Aboriginal individuals were RhD positive, compared with 2225/2657 (83.7%) of non-Aboriginal individuals. Only 62/1686 (3.7%) of Aboriginal individuals were group B or AB, compared with 470/2657 (17.7%) of non-Aboriginal individuals. In Aboriginal individuals we found that group O was more common than A in the 'Northern' NT, whereas there was similar distribution of the groups in 'Central Australia'. We found a significant difference in ABO and RhD blood groups between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals in the NT (P < 0.001). These findings will aid transfusion inventory management, allowing us to plan supply of blood products and reduce waste.

Genotyping of ABO and Duffy blood groups among malaria patients in Thailand.

ABO blood groups have been proposed to influence malaria parasite infection and disease severity in individuals residing in different geographical areas. In Thailand, genetic polymorphisms of blood groups and susceptibility to malaria infection have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the genotype frequencies of ABO and Duffy blood groups and susceptibility to malaria infection in two populations residing in malaria-endemic areas of Thailand. 1100 malaria samples and an identical number of samples from healthy subjects were collected from Thai-Malaysian and Thai-Myanmar areas. Genotyping of ABO and Duffy blood groups was performed by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of ABO and Duffy blood groups was similar in malaria-positive and negative subjects. Blood group O was prevalent in both populations followed by blood group B (BO genotype) and A (AO genotype), respectively. In Plasmodium falciparum infections, blood group A frequency was significantly higher in Thai-Malaysian samples (P = 0.042) whereas blood group B frequency was significantly higher in Thai-Myanmar samples (P = 0.022). FY*A/*A frequency was significantly higher in Plasmodium vivax infection (P = 0.036) while FY*A/*B frequency was significantly higher in healthy subjects (P = 0.005). The different ABO blood group frequencies in the two populations may contribute to susceptibility to P. falciparum infection and the high prevalence of FY*A/*A can confer a risk of P. vivax infection. Further research in various ethnic groups is needed to clarify the association between blood groups and pathogenesis of malaria.

HLA-A homozygosis is associated with susceptibility to COVID-19.

The purpose of this single center retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between HLA and ABO polymorphisms and COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity in kidney transplant recipients. It included 720 recipients who had COVID‐19 and 1680 controls composed by recipients in follow‐up who did not contact the transplantation center for COVID‐19 symptoms, up to the moment of their inclusion in the study. HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DRB1 allele groups and ABO frequencies were compared between recipients with COVID‐19 (all cases, or separately mild/moderate and severe disease) and controls. The HLA association study was conducted in two case–control series and only associations that showed a p‐value <0.05 in both series were considered. No HLA association regarding COVID‐19 occurrence or severity met this criterion. Homozygosity at HLA‐A locus was associated with COVID‐19 susceptibility (odds ratio 1.4) but not severity. Blood groups A and O were associated with susceptibility and resistance to COVID‐19, respectively. COVID‐19 severity was associated only with older age and cardiac disease, in a multivariate analysis. We conclude that an influence of HLA on COVID‐19 susceptibility is supported by the association with homozygosity at HLA‐A locus but that there is no evidence for a role of any particular HLA‐A, ‐B, or ‐DRB1 polymorphism. Thus, we suggest that what matters is the overall capability of an individual's HLA molecules to present SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides to T cells, a factor that might have a great influence on the breadth of the immune response.

Secretor status prevents individuals from Helicobacter pylori infection

ABO antigens are not only present on the surface of red blood cells but are also secreted in body fluids. Individuals who can secrete these antigens in body fluids are called secretors while those who cannot are known as non-secretors. As compared to secretor non-secretors are at high risk to different bacterial, heart and autoimmune diseases but it is not clear that secretor status has an association with Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the secretor and non-secretor status in Helicobacter pylori infected patients. This cross-sectional study was carried out at Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Khyber Medical University Peshawar. A total of 192 samples were included in this study, 96 from Helicobacter pylori infected patients and 96 as a control group. Saliva samples were taken for the determination of secretor and non-secretor status by using Absorption inhibition method. Blood samples were obtained for ABO blood grouping and Helicobacter pylori determination. Out of 96 Helicobacter pylori infected patients, 36 (37.5%) were found as secretors and 60 (62.5%) were found as non-secretors while in normal individuals, secretors were 67 (69.8%) and non-secretors were 29 (30.2%). In H. pylori infected patients, classification of various ABH blood groups like A, B, AB and O were 24 (25%), 33 (34.3%), 18 (18.8%) and 21 (21.9%) respectively. In normal individuals’ the frequency of ABO was 28 (29.2%) of A, 28 (29.2%) of B, 8 (8.3%) of AB and 32 (33.3%) of O blood groups respectively. It is concluded that Helicobacter pylori infected patients have lowest secretor and highest non-secretors, because ABH antigens present in the body fluids of secretor show resistance to Helicobacter pylori infection. Moreover, non-secretors are more susceptible to bacterial infections. And it is known that Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium which can cause bacterial infections like gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. While normal individuals have highest secretor and lowest non-secretor status. Keywords: ABO blood groups; Body fluids; Helicobacter pylori; Non-secretor http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2021.100053

Frequency of Haemoglobin Genotype Variants, ABO and Rh ‘D’ Antigen among Madonna Undergraduates of South East Origin, Nigeria

Haemoglobin genotype variants, ABO and Rh blood groups are known to vary from one population to another. Standard electrophoretic and haemagglutination techniques were employed in testing the blood samples. Of the 150 test subjects screened, HbAA in the male subjects were 58(48.0%) and 63(52.0%) in the female counterparts. The frequency of distribution of HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS in the subject were 121 (80.7%), 28 (18.7%) and 1 (0.6%). Also HbAS in the female was 16(57.1%) while in male subjects was 12(42.9%). Blood group A (41.7%), group B(21.7%), group AB(28.6%) and group O(57.1%) were results for male subjects as against Group A(58.3%), Group B(78.3%), Group AB (71.4%) and Group O(42.9%) respectively in the female subjects.90% were Rh ‘D’ positive while 10% were Rh ‘D’ negative. Knowledge of the distribution of ABO, Rh ‘D’ blood groups and haemoglobin genotype variants in any population is useful in health care planning, medical diagnosis and targeting the population that need counseling. If such information is well managed it can make a difference in the quality of decisions that individuals will make especially as it concerns marriage, blood transfusion and other medical demands.

English

The ABO and Rh (D) blood type distributions vary from one ethnic group to another. However, they play an essential part in population genetics studies, blood transfusion practices and certain medico-legal cases. Thus, this study is aimed to assess ABO and Rh (D) blood group distribution patterns among Natural and Computational Science faculty graduating class students in Woldia University and to document a blood group database and creating awareness among blood donors for safe transfusion. To this end, blood samples from 429 (N=560) volunteer students were taken during the period of 1st February 2020 to 28th April 2020 blood donation campaign and observational cross sectional study design was performed. ABO and Rh (D) typing was done by antigen-antibody agglutination test using commercially available and standard anti-sera. Descriptive statistical measures on phenotypic frequency of ABO and Rh (D) blood types were described in simple percentages. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the ABO and Rh blood groups were estimated using the assumption of Hardy&ndash;Weinberg equilibrium. The ABO and Rh (D) blood phenotypes respectively were found to be A (28.20%) &gt; B (25.40%) &gt; AB (24.70%) &gt; O (21.67%) and Rh+ (60.13%) &gt; Rh- (39.86%) and the combined ABO/Rh(D) blood groups were in the order A+ (16.31%) &gt; B+ (15.85%) &gt; O+ (14.21%) &gt; AB+ (13.75%) and A- (11.88%) &gt;AB- (10.95%) &gt; B- (9.55%) &gt; O- (7.45%). The allelic frequencies of IA (P), IB (q), IO(r) respectively were 0.314, 0.2939 and 0.4655. The allelic frequencies for ID = 0.3687 and for Id = 0.6313 were found. A genotypic frequency of IAIO was the most frequent (0.2923) and IBIB was the least frequent (0.0863). Whereas, IDId was most frequent (0.4655) and IDID was the least frequent (0.1359). The observed and expected frequencies of individuals having ABO blood group showed no significant difference (&chi;2 = 35.4381, df = 3; P &lt; 0.05) and Rh (D) blood phenotypes of individuals were significantly different (&chi;2 = 0.000011, df = 1; P &lt; 0.05), thus, not fitting Hardy-Weinberg assumptions. The data obtained in the present study could be used as important input for blood bank services to have better blood management and safe blood transfusion practices in different regions of Ethiopia and abroad in the future. &nbsp; Key words: ABO, allele, blood donors, blood groups, distribution, genotype, Rh (D), Woldia University.

ABO A frequency in caucasians in US and liberal politics

Background Genes and environment shape personality and behavior. Environment effects seem harder to pin down, but genetic effects may be studied with some precision and used to understand behavior better. So in looking at political behaviors and attitudes, genes can be helpful. The current political change in the US is toward more liberal policies heightened by the most recent national elections. Observation of the well-studied gene ABO in populations and their political voting behavior suggests that ABO A may be higher in caucasians that vote liberal politics than in caucasians that vote conservative. ABO A is high in frequency in populations of western Europe and especially eastern Europe, and socialism is more prevalent in those countries thus raising the suggestion that ABO A could be relevent in understanding liberalism in the US. Methods Since the US president and thus administration of the government is elected by state electoral votes, surveying the frequency of ABO A in each state population was done through review of the medical literature. Results Caucasians have a significantly higher frequency of ABO A than other ethnicities. Minorities historically vote significantly higher for liberal policies, but the Caucasian majority vote, theoretically more status quo and thus conservative would be necessary to have some voters choose liberal if liberals have a chance at winning an election. Since caucasians are in the majority in US population and since ethnicity of ABO frequencies in each state is not readily available information, an adjustment for ethnicity was applied by dividing each state’s frequency of ABO A blood type by the frequency of caucasians in that state’s population thus ABO A among caucasians in the red states (conservative) vs the blue states (liberal). Conclusion Higher ABO A frequency in caucasians in states that vote liberal was thus inferred

ABO, RH, and KEL1 Antigens, Phenotypes and Haplotypes in Southwestern Saudi Arabia.

Over the past years, the vast majority of blood grouping research in Saudi Arabia has been noted to be mainly focusing on ABO and D antigens. Consequently, knowledge on other clinically significant antigens regarding the RH and KEL blood group systems is required. Therefore, an experimental study using serotyping of ABO antigens, five main antigens (D, C, c, E and e) of the RH blood group system and the KEL1 antigen of the KEL blood group system will be carried out. A total number of 3,563 blood samples obtained from Saudi volunteer blood donors in Jazan Province were investigated. The following antigens were included in this study: A, B, AB, O, and D type (D VI) and C, c, E, e, and KEL1 antigens. Moreover, RH phenotypes and haplotypes were also determined. Serological analysis was performed using ID System gel cards. DiaClon ABO/D + Reverse grouping and DiaClon Rh subgroups + K were used. Statistical analysis was used to determine the frequency of all antigens, phenotypes, and RH haplotypes. Regarding the ABO blood group system, observations were as follows: A, 29.44%; B, 10.44%; AB, 1.15%; and O, 58.97%. Antigens of RH blood group systems demonstrated as follows: D, 93.32%; C, 70.97%; E, 18.91%; c, 75.38% and e, 97.95%. The frequency of KEL1 antigen is 4.54%. The frequencies of RH haplotypes are as follows: Dce, 0.0078; DCe, 0.4723; DcE, 0.2736; DCE, 0.0051; dce, 0.2410; dCe, 0; dcE, 0.0001; and dCE, 0. We established the frequencies of ABO, RH, and KEL1 antigens in Jazan Province of Saudi Arabia. In addition, RH phenotypes and haplotypes were determined. This blood donor screening may help provide compatible blood units for transfusion and patient safety. Therefore, this might be recommended to other provinces of Saudi Arabia to investigate the prevalence of these antigens for better transfusion practice.

Frequency of ABO and Rh Blood Group Distribution at Debre Tabor Blood Bank, Amhara Region, North-Central Ethiopia. A Six-Year Retrospective Survey.

IntroductionBlood is arranged into four groups based on their surface antigen (A, B, AB, and O). In addition to this classification based on the Rhesus factor, each blood group clustered into RH positive and RH negative. This study was done to identify the distribution of blood group and rhesus factors on the local blood bank.ObjectiveTo identify the frequency of ABO blood group and RH factors distribution on voluntary blood donator at Debre Tabor blood bank from May 2014 to May 2020.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify the frequency of ABO and Rh factor distribution on voluntary blood donors at Debre Tabor town blood bank. The data was collected at Debre Tabor blood bank. A six-year data and a total of 19,901 bags collected blood samples were used for summarization of the data. The data was analysed by using SPSS version 21.ResultsBlood group ”O” was the dominated one with 39.6% followed by blood group “A”, “B” and “AB” with 29.48%, 24.06%, and 6.7%, respectively. When we see the RH classifications, RH positive accounts the highest percentage 92.77% and the remaining 7.23% was Rh negatives.ConclusionIn this survey, the majority of blood groups were found “O” followed by “A”, “B”, and “AB”. Among the collected blood unities, 92.77% was RH positive. The leading blood donators were male.

Study on Frequency of ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Phenotype Distribution in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry of South India

Blood is a fluid which we have in our bodies that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and also waste to be eliminated from the body. ABO and Rh blood group system is the most important system in transfusion and organ transplants. Though, many studies have been conducted in various parts of India to determine the local ABO and Rh distribution, no Indian study has so far been conducted to explore the South Indian especially Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry ABO and Rh distribution. The present study made an attempt to provide data on ABO and Rh blood group distribution across Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. A total of 25,000 subjects of college students were included in this study and ABO and Rh(D) grouping was performed on all these samples. Data on the frequency of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups was expressed in simple numbers and percentages. The present study explored Among the ABO grouping system the highest frequency of blood group was found to be group O [10023(40.09%)], followed by group B [7447(29.79%)], and group A[ 6393(25.57%)]. The least common blood group was AB group [1137(4.55%)]. 94.69% Rh antigen was detected and the prevalence of Rh -ve was 5.13%. Of the 25000 individuals, the most common blood group was O followed by B and A and the least blood group was AB. The present study provides information about the relative distribution of various ABO blood grouping in the Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. This vital information may be helpful in planning for future health care blood transfusion services.

Prevalence of ABO and Rh blood groups and their association with demographic and anthropometric factors in an Iranian population: Mashad study.

Blood groups appear to be markers for various human diseases and their distribution among different communities, ethnic groups and geographical boundaries varies over time. We aimed to investigate the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups and their relationship with demographic and anthropometric characteristics among Iranian residents in Mashad. ABO and Rh blood groups were determined among 7268 participants from the MASHAD cohort study and their relationships with demographic and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. This part of the study was done in January 2017. Student t-test, ANOVA, Bonferroni' and Chi-squared were used for comparison of quantitative and qualitative variables. The most common blood group was O (33.8%); AB was the least common (8.3%). The prevalence of Rh-positive and Rh-negative was 88.2% and 11.8% respectively. There were statistically significant associations between ABO blood groups and demi-span (P = 0.03), even after correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings showed there was no relationship between ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics although there was an association with anthropometric measurements such as demi-span.

FREQUENCY OF ABO, RH AND ABO-RH BLOOD GROUPS IN STUDENTS OF GOMAL MEDICAL COLLEGE, D.I.KHAN, PAKISTAN

Background: Blood group of an individual is commonly determined by ABO &amp; Rh status. The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of ABO, Rh and ABO-Rh blood groups in students of Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from April 1 to May 23, 2019. The population being accessible was taken as sample. Sample size was 452. Our research variables (attributes) were ABO (A, B, AB, O), Rh (positive and negative) and ABO-Rh (A+, B+, AB+ O+, A-, B-, AB-, O-) respectively. All variables being nominal were described by count and percentage. The estimated parameters were given as confidence interval for proportion at 95% confidence level. The observed frequency of ABO, Rh and ABO-Rh blood groups was tested against their expected frequency using chi-square goodness of fit test. Results: Out of 452 students, the frequency of ABO blood group was; A 127 (28.12%), B 165 (36.53%), AB 57 (12.62%) &amp; O 103 (22.73%); Rh blood group was; Rh+ 408 (90.33%) &amp; Rh- 44 (9.67%) and ABO-Rh was; A+ 116 (25.60%), B+ 148 (32.05%), AB+ 50 (11.30%), O+ 91 (20.10%), A- 11 (2.40%), B- 17 (03.70%), AB- 7 (1.50%) &amp; O- 12 (2.60%). The observed frequency of ABO &amp; ABO-Rh blood groups was significantly different whereas of Rh blood group was similar to expected prevalence. Conclusion: In our population, most common blood group was B+ and the least common was AB-. The observed frequency of ABO &amp; ABO-Rh blood groups was different while of Rh was same as expected. Awareness of blood groups in populations will help in the effective management of blood banks record in routine as well as during blood related life emergency situations.

ABO, Rh, and kell blood group antigen frequencies in blood donors at the tertiary care hospital of Northwestern India.

BACKGROUND:This study was performed to provide information on frequencies of ABO, Rh & Kell antigens/alleles, phenotype in blood donors at Blood Bank, SMS hospital, Jaipur and to compare them with other races.METHODOLOGY:This study was conducted on blood donors from April 2016 to March 2017 using a fully automated system for ABO,Rh & Kell typing of blood cells. D, C, c, E, e & K antigens were typed using monoclonal antisera from Immucor The data were collected and calculations done to determine the antigen/allele, phenotype. The chi square test 3 degree of freedom with P < 0.001 (S) was used for comparisons between the results of our study and those of other studies.RESULTS:A total of 8067 donors were included in this study. Maximum donors was of B blood group (39.4%) of age 18-25(35.5%) with 60-69kg weight (65%). The most common Rh antigen found was e(99.3%) followed by D (93.8%), C (85.4%), c (60.1%), E (17.5%). R1r (DCCee) was the most common phenotype in our study (39.5%). Kell (K+) antigen was present in 2.7% of donors.CONCLUSION:We have determined the prevalence of Rh antigens and Rh phenotypes in blood donor at our hospital and derived the allele frequencies in the same population.

ABO and Rh blood group incompatibility among icteric neonates and their mothers in Jos, Nigeria

Context: ABO and Rh blood groups play significant roles in health and diseases, one of which is blood group incompatibility, a common cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Aims: The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood group incompatibilities among icteric neonates and their mothers for the purpose of instituting intervention for better neonatal outcomes. Settings and Design: This study was conducted at the Special Care Baby Units (SCBUs) of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), and Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH), Jos, Nigeria, from March 2013 to February 2014. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that includes all jaundiced neonates admitted into the SCBUs and neonates who developed jaundice on admission in the neonatal wards. Subjects and Methods: A total of 150 icteric neonates admitted into the SCBUs of the JUTH, PSSH, and the BHUTH were recruited for this study with their parent's consent. Blood samples were collected from the neonates and their mothers in ethylene diaminetetra-acetic acid and plain bottles for ABO and Rh blood grouping, direct antihuman globulin test, and serum bilirubin (SB) assays. Statistical Analysis Used: Data obtained were analyzed using Epi Info Version 6 software. The results were reported in tables and frequencies, categorical variables were expressed as proportions, whereas continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using Student's “t”-test. The level of statistically significant relationship was set at P ≤ 5% (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Thirty-four (22.7%) mother–neonate pair had ABO incompatibility with 14 mothers (9.3%) with blood group O, having neonates with blood group A and a mean SB of 249.5 ± 131.4 μmol/L. Three (2.0%) mothers were Rh D negative while their neonates were Rh D positive and showed a positive direct antihuman globulin test with a mean SB of 322.1 ± 246.7 μmol/L. Conclusions: Blood group O and Rh D-positive blood groups predominate while ABO and Rh incompatibilities present a risk for hyperbilirubinemia among icteric neonates in Jos, Nigeria.

Prevalence of ABO and rhesus blood groups in blood donors: a study from a tertiary care centre in south Gujarat, India

Background: Since it was discovered by Karl Landsteiner, the ABO blood group system is the most important blood group system in Transfusion Medicine. ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens are hereditary characters and are useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico-legal issues and more importantly for the immunologic safety of blood during transfusion. Aims: This study was carried out to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups in blood donors of tertiary care hospital-attached blood bank and compare it with other data from similar studies within the India. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among the blood donors of GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Valsad Gujarat State (India), who donated blood during the period from January 2017 to December 2018. ABO and Rh blood grouping was performed by forward blood grouping (cell grouping) using test tube agglutination method using antisera A, antisera B and antisera D and by reverse grouping (serum grouping) using pooled known A, B and O cells. Results: Out of 2971 blood donors, 2746 (92.42%) were male and 225(7.57%) were female. The blood group frequencies positions in the descending order were ‘O’, ‘B’, ‘A’ and ‘AB’ respectively. Rh positive donors were 97.54% and Rh negative were 2.45%. One group was ‘Oh’ (Bombay Phenotype). Conclusions: ‘O’ group is the most frequent position of ABO blood group system followed by ‘B’ group. Rh+ is the most frequent group than Rh- in the Rh system. Blood donations by females are very low.

Frequency and Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group of Blood Donors

Frequency and Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group of Blood Donors

Distribution of Blood Types and ABO Gene Frequencies in Egypt

Abstract ABO blood group was first discovered by Landsteiner in 1901. Currently, there are more than 30 blood group systems, but ABO system remains the most clinically important of all blood groups in transfusion practice. The ABO blood group system antibodies are naturally occurring without any exposure to RBCs through transfusion or pregnancy, unlike the other blood group systems. Method The study was performed on a total of 40,591 healthy blood donors in Egypt. ABO and Rh (D) groupings were performed on all donors’ samples. Data on the frequency of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups were reported in numbers and percentages. Results The study showed that type A is the most common blood group (35.12%) in Egypt followed by O at 31.94%, followed by B at 23.12%, while AB had the least prevalence at 9.74%; A &gt; O &gt; B &gt; AB. Our study showed that 91.78% of the donor population were Rh positive and 8.22% were Rh negative. The frequencies of the IA, IB, and IO alleles were calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium. The calculated gene frequencies are 0.2537 for IA (p), 0.1812 for IB (q), and 0.5651 for IO (r). In the Egyptian population, O (r) records the highest value, followed by B (q) and A (p); O &gt; B &gt; A. The homozygous types were as follows: OO, 31.94%; AA, 6.43%; and BB, 3.28%. The heterozygous types were AO, 28.67%; BO, 20.47%; and AB, 9.78%. Conclusions The study provides the first accurate ABO gene frequency data as well as information on the distribution of ABO blood group Rh groups of various alleles in the Egyptian population. This information is very helpful in the effective management of the blood bank inventory. It will help transfusion services planning for future health challenge and improve blood transfusion practice.

A cross sectional preliminary study on the prevalence of ABO and rhesus blood groups in Bani Waleed City, Libya

Abstract Background: The distribution of ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups has been reported to be different in several world populations. There have been few studies about blood groups among Libyan population. Aims: The study aims to determine the distribution and frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among Libyan population in Bani Waleed city. Subjects and Methods: The study group had included 344 participants of both genders aged between 15 and 80 years. Blood samples were collected for ABO and Rh blood group analysis from September to December 2018. Results: The percentage of male participants was 55.8% and 48.2% were female. The highest percentage (30.2%) were among the age group of 23–32 years. O blood group was the most common (43.6%), followed by A (31.7%), B (17.7%), and finally, AB blood group (7.0%). The percentage of Rh positive (Rh+) was 72.2% and of Rh negative (Rh−) was 23.8%. Moreover, the prevalence of ABO with Rh+ was 33.4%, 27.6%, 11.3%, and 4.7% for O+, A+, B+, and AB+, respectively. The prevalence of ABO with Rh− was 9.9%, 6.11%, 4.1%, and 2.6% for O−, B−, A−, and AB−, respectively. Conclusion: The distribution of ABO blood group in the present study is ordered of O &gt; A&gt; B &gt; AB with majority of Rh+ and higher frequencies of Rh−. The findings of this study will contribute in health services and use them as database to know detailed information of blood types such as for blood bank and blood transfusion and also to be used in population studies.

ABO and Rhesus Types of Blood Group Distribution in Blood Donors in Blood Bank, Government Medical College and Hospital-Suryapet, Telangana: A Tertiary Care Centre Study

Aims and objectives: To study the distribution and frequencies of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups among blood donors, who participated in indoor and outdoor blood donation camps organized by suryapet blood bank, Government medical college-suryapet, Telangana. ABO and Rh typing is very important for proper functioning and safe blood banking. Materials and Methods: A Three-year retrospective study was carried out at suryapet blood bank, Telangana, during 3-year period from January 2016 to December 2018 and the total number of blood units collected was 7,035. The donors were screened and who are medically fit are accepted for blood donation. Blood group of the blood donors was determined by forward grouping and reverse grouping methods with the help of commercially available standard monoclonal antisera. Results: The most common blood group among donors was “O” (43.90%) followed by “ B” (32.50%), “A” (17.95%) and the least prevalent blood group was “AB” (05.62%). Maximum number of blood donors were Rh positive (95.72%) while Rh negative were only (04.27%). There was a higher rate of male donors than female donors. Conclusion: The present study concludes that most common blood group was “O” positive and the least common is “AB”. This data helps in appropriate maintenance of inventory in the blood bank and also plays important role in patients health care.