Frequency Lists Research Articles

News Coverage of Covid-19 and Swine Flu: A Corpus-Assisted Study

The progression rate of Covid-19 and Swine Flu to the advanced pandemic level intensified the risk and damage to human fatalities. Since their outbreak, media outlets spared no effort in reporting news and updates about the two diseases. This study investigates the representations of Covid-19 and Swine Flu pandemics in The New York Times and The Guardian newspapers by utilizing a corpus linguistic quantitative approach. The most monthly read article was collected over one year since the two diseases were declared pandemics by the World Health Organization. The data were compiled in a corpus and analysed using Wordsmith software based on the concordances and the frequency list of the top 15 frequent words in each pandemic. The frequency lists generated 9 themes including: reporting verbs, titles, places, quantity expressions, people, disease name, prevention and control, impact and modal verbs. The study found that news tended to spread fear among people and highlight the governments' roles during Covid-19 pandemic more than Swine Flu.

Word Frequency List of Turkish Books on Wattpad

Basılı edebi eserlerin okuyucu sayısı giderek azalmaktadır. Bunun en önemli sebeplerinden birisi de genç kuşakların teknolojik cihazlarla sanal ortamda geçirdiği sürenin her geçen yıl artmasıdır. Yeni medyada gençlerin bu ilgisinden yola çıkarak onları bir araya getirecek, okuma yazma imkânları ile donatılmış dijital platformlar ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde de önemli bir kullanıcı kitlesine sahip olan ve dijital platformda yayınlanan bazı eserlerin baskısının yapıldığı Wattpad dijital okur-yazarlık platformunda Türkçe eserlerde en sık kullanılan kelimeler ve bu kelimelerin sıklıkları üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada incelenen eserler Wattpad platformunda dil seçeneklerinden Türkçe tercih edilerek 06.12.2021’de saat 12:00’de 13 yaş profili ile giriş yapılan ana sayfada “Göz At” sekmesinde gelen genç kurgu kategorisinden seçilmiştir. Bu kategorideki tüm eserler taranarak en çok okunma sayısına sahip ilk 10 eser tespit edilmiş ve tüm eserlere ait metinler belirli ön işlemlerden geçirilerek düzenlenmiştir. Seçilen bu eserlerin yazarlarının üyelik tarihi, cinsiyeti ile eserlerin okunma oranları ortaya konmuş ve bu eserlerde kullanılan ilk 100 kelime, bu 100 kelimenin sıklıkları ile bu kelimelerin 10 eserdeki toplam kelime oranı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada tespit edilen ilk 50 kelime ve sıklıkları; Yazılı Türkçenin Kelime Sıklığı Sözlüğü’nde ve Çağdaş Türkçenin Sıklık Sözlüğü’nde tespit edilen ilk 50 kelime ile karşılaştırılmış ve farklı dönemler ve derlemler olmasına rağmen yazılı dilde kullanılan ilk 50 kelime ve kullanım sıklıklarında büyük değişiklikler olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

ChatGPT: Friend or foe (to corpus linguists)?

This short communication discusses the impact of ChatGPT on the field of corpus linguistics, particularly its potential as a concordancer. As a corpus linguist and app developer, the author reflects on how ChatGPT's ease of use, efficiency, and popularity could challenge traditional concordancers, and explores ways in which ChatGPT could be used to generate concordances and frequency lists.

Determinants of lipid-lowering medication prescribing in a multi-ethnic adult population diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolaemia in South London.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) (prevalence 1 in 250) is an inherited condition that significantly increases risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis can potentially normalise cardiovascular risk with lipid-lowering medicines (statins and fibrates). Only 7% of patients with FH are identified in the UK. Improving identification, and understanding disparities in ascertainment and management, is an NHS priority. To assess determinants of lipid-lowering prescribing in ethnically diverse adults with an FH code. METHOD: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of Lambeth DataNet, containing anonymised adult patient data from 41 practices in South London. Stata 17 was used to run sequential multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for practice effects, to estimate the odds of no lipid-lowering prescription in FH-coded adults; this was assessed across 10 ethnic groups and other patient-level factors: demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, comorbidities, and practice factors (consultation frequency and practice list size). One hundred and sixty-one of 801 (20%) of adults with an FH code received no lipid-lowering medication. The fully adjusted model for no lipid-lowering prescriptions showed the following associations: age (years) odds ratio (OR) 0.93 (P<0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 0.95), male sex OR 0.47 (P = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.76), diabetes OR 0.26 (P = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.96), hypertension OR 0.30 (P<0.01, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.72), and frequency of GP attendance OR 0.48 (P = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.94). Sensitivity analyses examining determinants of high-intensity statin prescribing found similar results. The study suggests important determinants of lipid-lowering prescribing in an ethnically diverse adult population included older age, male sex, hypertension, and diabetes. Ethnicity showed no significant associations with lipid-lowering prescribing after adjusting for other determinants including deprivation measures.

Lack of consensus on the definition of severe congenital heart defects for research: A challenge for comparing international studies.

Lack of consensus on the definition of severe congenital heart defects for research: A challenge for comparing international studies.

The Verbs We Are(n't) Teaching in Our Beginning French Classes — and Why it Matters

Through a comparison of a vocabulary frequency list and six commonly used textbooks, this article examines the extent to which the verbs taught to beginning-level French students reflects their usefulness, in terms of likelihood of encounters in authentic texts. These same verbs are then also compared to cultural texts created specifically for those textbooks, to further determine whether textbook authors are consistent in recycling the verbs that have been taught. I argue for a greater focus on highly frequent irregular and multi-stem verbs, while de-emphasizing instruction of regularly conjugated and, especially, cognate-based verbs. Pedagogical implications are included.

Surrogate modeling of the fan plot of a rotor system considering composite blades using convolutional neural networks with image composition

Abstract This study proposes an image composition technique based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to construct a surrogate model for predicting fan plots of three-dimensional (3D) composite blades, which represent natural frequency lists at different rotational speeds. The proposed method composes critical 2D cross-section images to improve the accuracy of the model. Numerical examples with various compositions of cross-section images are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the CNN model. Additionally, gradient-weighted class activation mapping analysis is used to reveal the relationship between the internal structure of the blade and the fan plots. The study shows that using multiple images in the image composition technique improves the accuracy of the model compared to using single or fewer images. Overall, the proposed method provides a promising approach for predicting fan plots of 3D composite blades using CNN models.

Idoya Puig and Karl McLaughlin, eds. Spanish Golden Age Texts in the Twenty-First Century: Teaching the Old Through the New; Alba Carmona. Las reescrituras fílmicas de la comedia nueva: Un siglo en la gran pantalla

Idoya Puig and Karl McLaughlin, eds. <i>Spanish Golden Age Texts in the Twenty-First Century: Teaching the Old Through the New</i>; Alba Carmona. <i>Las reescrituras fílmicas de la comedia nueva: Un siglo en la gran pantalla</i>

Les mots de l’écologie : étude lexicométrique d’un corpus bilingue personnalisé (ECOTEXT 2021)

Our goal is to compare the words that are central to the discourses initiated by the most essential environmental protection organizations, both international and local, acting in France and in Poland. Our analysis is carried out in three stages: after briefly presenting some of the computerized corpus analysis methods and equipment we used to collect and process our bilingual corpus named ECOTEXT, we check its specificity and then move on to calculating word frequency and interpreting the frequency lists, starting with the analysis of the most frequent toponyms (e.g. France and Polska) and continuing with the most frequently represented nouns and adjectives. Throughout our analysis we return to the notion of interlinguisticequivalence which, as we shall show, does not turn out to be fully operative in confirming or denying the similarity of two discourses studied.

Towards a new sophistication in vocabulary assessment

Published work on vocabulary assessment has grown substantially in the last 10 years, but it is still somewhat outside the mainstream of the field. There has been a recent call for those developing vocabulary tests to apply professional standards to their work, especially in validating their instruments for specified purposes before releasing them for widespread use. A great deal of work on vocabulary assessment can be seen in terms of the somewhat problematic distinction between breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge. Breadth refers to assessing vocabulary size, based on a large sample of words from a frequency list. New research is raising questions about the suitability of word frequency norms derived from large corpora, the choice of the word family as the unit of analysis, the selection of appropriate test formats, and the role of guessing in test-taker performance. Depth of knowledge goes beyond the basic form-meaning link to consider other aspects of word knowledge. The concept of word association has played a dominant role in the design of such tests, but there is a need to create test formats to assess knowledge of word parts as well as a range of multi-word items apart from collocation.

Frequency or Keyness?

The possibility of compiling electronic corpora, as of the second half of the last cen­tury, has provided new opportunities for vocabulary research. This has also resulted in the devel­op­ment of a series of computer software solutions for the lexical analysis of texts and the building of vocabulary lists for language learners. In this article, the differences in building tech­nical vocabu­lary lists according to their frequency and keyness in corpora of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) are discussed. Both criteria have been discussed in terms of their benefits and limitations, and the possibilities of the most convenient combination of both. Finally, the word frequency list has been upgraded with keywords to provide a more comprehensive, but still very attainable, word list suitable for building a bilingual glossary or to be extended into a dictionary. Keywords: word list, frequency, keyness, keywords, corpus, marine engineering, English, lexis, vocabulary

A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of Glossing in Saudi Technology Blogs

This paper investigates the use of glossing in Saudi tech blogs. It contributes to the ongoing discussions on terminology standardization in the Arab world as well as sheds light on translation practices in technology-related fields. More specifically, it seeks to address the interrelationship between current standardization efforts and the use of glossing in Saudi Arabia. In doing so, the paper hopes to answer one main question: How does standardization of technical terminology affects the use of glossing in Saudi technology blogs? A large corpus of 203 texts (mainly reviews of computer-related products) was compiled using two corpus tools (i.e., Wordsmith and Sketch Engine). The texts were divided into two sets, based on the writing style and type of the platform. Then, the electronically retrieved term frequency lists were checked against the Saudi Terminology Data Bank (BASM), a four-language database of standardized technological terms, to determine whether native Arabic equivalents for the glossed terms existed. Three significant trends were identified: 1) bloggers, across the two sets, rarely gloss terms with firmly established Arabic equivalents, 2) informal bloggers used more glossing for terms with standardized—but not commonly used—Arabic forms or opted for non-standardized terms, and 3) glossing yielded high frequencies, across the two sets, for abbreviations exceeding two letters, plus a marked variation in Arabic term use. The marked differences between the two groups were attributed to a variety of factors, including a lagging standardization effort by official bodies.

Word Frequencies in the Written Texts of Learners of Turkish as a Foreign Language at CEFR Level A

This study aims to list the vocabulary items used by learners of Turkish as a foreign language at CEFR level A and their frequency values, and reveal the factors affecting the differences in the word frequency lists created based on certain demographic criteria. It also aims to compare the lists with the frequency lists of the course book used by the learners and the list of words frequently used by native speakers of Turkish. For these purposes, written texts of 123 students at Ankara University TÖMER were collected and digitized, and using all the words in those texts, a lemma list was created for this learner corpus. Then, separate lists were created to show how certain variables might affect the frequency of words used by learners. The results show that the most significant factor leading to differences in the lists is the level the students were studying at.

Dziewiętnastowieczne impresje z podróży do Włoch w perspektywie analizy kwantytatywnej leksyki wobec językowego obrazu świata (na przykładzie Listów z podróży po Włoszech Konstantego Gaszyńskiego)

The article aims to recreate the tourist view based on the observation of the lexical layer of texts in quantitative terms. The subject of the research is the most frequent lexis excerpted in the form of an frequency list from Listy z podróży po Włoszech by Konstanty Gaszyński. The collected material consists of 300 words. The most common vocabulary was grouped into 9 semantic-lexical circles and analyzed using the research tools of cultural linguistics. The research has indicated that it is possible to reconstruct, on the basis of the analysis of the most common lexis, both the points of view in the texts and the correlated profiles of the Italian space.

Семантическое поле девиации в цикле произведений «Зов Ктулху» Г. Лавкрафта

The aim of the study is to determine the features of the linguistic expression of the semantic field of deviation in the cycle “The Call of Cthulhu” by H. Lovecraft in English. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the identification of the English language means which determine the various aspects of mental and physiological deviations by the example of the cycle. The results showed that the mental and physiological components of deviations are represented by a polysemantic structure, various forms and means of their expression; such a structure is asymmetric and can vary in accordance with the purpose of the research. The quantitative method defined the specific structural characteristics of the category: the co-occurrence network of linguistic units in the core of the semantic field of the components based on the frequency list, data of the interpretative field.

The Language of Returning Emigrant Children: Preliminary Insights

The article overviews the Lithuanian language of returning emigrant children. It is based on the project “Linguistic Integration of Returning Emigrant Children: Proficiency in Lithuanian and its Development” (RCL Agreement No. S-REP-21-1), implemented in 2021–2022. The data were selected from two Lithuanian language children’s corpora (returning emigrant children (KG) and permanently residing in Lithuania children (KL)) collected during the project at eight Lithuanian schools. The corpora consist of the Lithuanian language production by children aged 8–12 who returned to Lithuania from English-speaking countries 1–2 years ago and by their peers in Lithuania. The article aims to identify differences in the linguistic expression of KG and KL by comparing the word frequency lists and overviewing verb, noun, and adjective. The quantitative findings show no significant differences in the use of the selected parts of speech. The results suggest that according to the available language skills and competences, the returning emigrant children can communicate on everyday topics quite freely, and their linguistic expression is similar to the language of their peers in Lithuania.

Gender Factor in Associative Links of Words: Dictionary and Distributive-Semantic Model Data

The aim of the work is to make a comparative analysis of the associative links of full-meaning words from the upper zone of the frequency list, compiled on the basis of a research corpus of blog texts in Russian, in a psycholinguistic experiment and the distributivesemantic model Global Vectors (GloVe), trained on this corpus. The relevance of the work is due to the need for a comprehensive study of the psychologically relevant meaning of the word. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that such an analysis is carried out taking into account the gender factor of the respondent / author of the text. The use of a set of methods for data mining (clustering, classification) and visualization of its results made it possible to establish the influence of gender on the composition of the semantic associates of the analyzed words (that is, words with close vectors in the distributive-semantic model) and the absence of such an effect in their associates recorded in the associative dictionary. As the study showed, distributivesemantic models and dictionary associative norms reflect different aspects of the psychologically relevant content of the word and should be used as complementary sources when modeling the psychologically relevant meaning of the word, taking into account the individual characteristics of the speaker, while conducting such an analysis it is advisable to use data mining methods.

Handle it in-house?

Abstract Vocabulary lists of high-frequency lexical items are an important resource in language education and a key product of corpus research. However, no single vocabulary list will be useful for every learning context, with the appropriateness of such lists affected by the corpora on which they are based. This paper investigates the impact of corpus selection on one measure of lexical sophistication, Advanced Guiraud, focusing on two frequency lists originating from an in-house learner corpus (PELIC) and a global learner corpus (Cambridge Learner Corpus). This analysis shows that frequency lists derived from both types of learner corpus can effectively serve as the basis for measuring the development of lexical sophistication, regardless of the specific program of the learners. Therefore, publicly available learner corpus frequency lists can be a reliable resource for stakeholders interested in the lexical gains of language learners.

The Ultraviolet Bleach corpus

Abstract This paper presents a new corpus of computer-mediated communication on the topic of Trump’s comments about household disinfectants and ultraviolet light as cures for COVID-19. The corpus, named the Ultraviolet Bleach (UVB) corpus, contains message board comments devoted to Trump’s suggestions. It was collected in May 2020 and consists of twenty-six files, with a total size of 2,344,164 word tokens. The paper includes frequency lists of words and clusters, keywords, and keywords in context, identified with the help of the corpus management software Sketch Engine. The corpus highlights the “receiving end” of political communication since it involves reactions to Trump’s televised briefing, and it will be of interest to researchers of political communication, populist and conspiratorial discourse, public opinion, and language aggression.

FEATURES OF CREATING A GERMAN ANECDOTE IN THE LINGUISTIC ASPECT

The purpose of the article is to investigate the characteristic lexical means (linguistic features) of German jokes based on literary material and to determine the principles that apply to the creation of German jokes in the texts considered. The object of research in this work is an anecdote as an element of German culture, folklore, language, literature. In view of the small volume of the article, we have considered only the anecdotes of the German origin (without anecdotes of other countries about the Germans). The subject of the study is the lexical composition, the linguistic features of the German joke. We have thrown light upon the provisions that formed the basis of practical research. The author considers the lexical tools used to create a German anecdote and reinforces the results with tables with data from frequency lists. The result of the study: 1) the structure and distribution of lexical units in the text of German anecdotes were investigated; 2) the lexical composition of the selected anecdotes was perused; 3) the originality of lexical units used to create anecdotes was considered; 4) the functional features of the lexical units used to create studied German anecdotes are determined. Conclusions: Most German anecdotes are based on the principle of participation of contrasting persons (man — woman, adults (parents) — children, spouses — lovers, etc.); the most commonly used words in German anecdotes mean actions reflecting the dynamics (movement), activity, emotionality; German jokes are mostly dialogue. The practical application of the research results is the use of an anecdote as an element in the different studies of German culture, folklore, language, literature, linguistic education, psycholinguistics, linguoculturology.