Frequency Percentages Research Articles

Towards Inclusive Education: Understanding and Addressing Tribal Dropout

Dropout of students from tribal communities has been persistently hampering the goals of universal and inclusive education. The persistence of the issue of dropout among Scheduled Tribe (ST) students has received increased attention in the New Education Policy (2020) as a crucial aspect in achieving universal inclusive education in India. With this background, the study determined dropout first and then made a comparative analysis across dimensions including social category, gender, educational zones and dropout rates (aggregate). Finally, the study tried to determine the reasons for the dropout among tribal students at the upper primary stage. The study applied a descriptive survey method to carry out the research and purposive sampling for sample selection. Inquiry forms (Structured questionnaires) were used for the collection of data. Data analysis was carried out through Microsoft Excel v. 2021 and SPSS v.29, and frequency counts, percentage and descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. The study found a significant proportion of student’s dropout at the upper primary stage, as the dropout rate is 11.38%, and the majority of them, that is, 59.62%, belong to tribal communities. And the same for tribals was found to be 18.16%. Tribal males were found to leave school more (23.92%) compared to tribal females (21.62%) at the upper primary stage. Similarly, inter- and intra-zonal differences have also been found in dropouts. Educational zones (Hariganwan and Kangan) with major tribal populations and enrolment were found to have high dropout rates. The reasons responsible for the dropout were illiteracy, poverty, hereditary occupation, sibling care, early engagement, lack of mobile schools, school distance, irrelevant pedagogy/curriculum and low achievement in academic pursuits. The results highlight the necessity for coordinated and result-oriented efforts from concerned stakeholders, including students, parents, tribal chieftain, teachers and administration, to effectively address the context-specific and broader determinants of dropout, thereby promoting sustained school continuity at the upper primary stage.

The challenges of evidence-based prehabilitation in a real-life context for patients preparing for colorectal surgery—a cohort study and multiple case analysis

BackgroundMultimodal prehabilitation programs are effective at reducing complications after colorectal surgery in patients with a high risk of postoperative complications due to low aerobic capacity and/or malnutrition. However, high implementation fidelity is needed to achieve these effects in real-life practice. This study aimed to investigate the implementation fidelity of an evidence-based prehabilitation program in the real-life context of a Dutch regional hospital.MethodsIn this observational cohort study with multiple case analyses, all patients who underwent colorectal surgery from January 2023 to June 2023 were enrolled. Patients meeting the criteria for low aerobic capacity or malnutrition were advised to participate in a prehabilitation program. According to recent scientific insights and the local care context, this program consisted of four exercise modalities and three nutrition modalities. Implementation fidelity was investigated by evaluating: (1) coverage (participation rate), (2) duration (number of days between the start of prehabilitation and surgery), (3) content (delivery of prescribed intervention modalities), and (4) frequency (attendance of sessions and compliance with prescribed parameters). An aggregated percentage of content and frequency was calculated to determine overall adherence.ResultsFifty-eight patients intended to follow the prehabilitation care pathway, of which 41 performed a preoperative risk assessment (coverage 80%). Ten patients (24%) were identified as high-risk and participated in the prehabilitation program (duration of 33–84 days). Adherence was high (84–100%) in five and moderate (72–73%) in two patients. Adherence was remarkably low (25%, 53%, 54%) in three patients who struggled to execute the prehabilitation program due to multiple physical and cognitive impairments.ConclusionImplementation fidelity of an evidence-based multimodal prehabilitation program for high-risk patients preparing for colorectal surgery in real-life practice was moderate because adherence was high for most patients, but low for some patients. Patients with low adherence had multiple impairments, with consequences for their preparation for surgery. For healthcare professionals, it is recommended to pay attention to high-risk patients with multiple impairments and further personalize the prehabilitation program. More knowledge about identifying and treating high-risk patients is needed to provide evidence-based recommendations and to obtain higher effectiveness.Trial registrationNCT06438484.

Proportion, quality of life and factors associated with perinatal urinary incontinence among pregnant women attending at Muhimbili national hospital

BackgroundPerinatal urine incontinence (PUI) affects approximately 200 million women worldwide. It is hypothesized that it has a multifactorial etiology that includes hormonal changes, pregnancy, urethral angle changes, and childbirth-related forces. The prevalence of PUI ranges from 32 to 64%. These conditions affect quality of life, leading to significant physical and emotional distress, self-esteem, social interactions, postpartum depression and anxiety. Determining the factors associated with PUI and providing appropriate support and treatment options for women experiencing perinatal urinary incontinence can improve the well-being of those affected. The significance of this study is to help establish the foundation of Perinatal urinary incontinence awareness in our facility, and possibly knowing the burden and associated risk factors, care to be taken in the reassurance of the patient and, for a future urological approach and overall management.ObjectivesTo assess the proportion, quality of life and factors associated with perinatal urinary incontinence among pregnant women admitted to the Muhimbili national hospital.MethodologyThis prospective cross-sectional study involved 354 pregnant women in perinatal period. The statistical analysis of the data was done in the SPSS version 20, whereby descriptive statistics and categorical data were described by frequency tables, graphs, and percentages, and numerical variables by mean, median, and standard deviation. Bivariate logistic regression was used to obtain variables that were associated with PUI. Multivariate logistic regression for controlling for confounders. P value of < 0.5 was considered to be statistically significant. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by ICIQ-UI SF tool.ResultsA total of 354 women were approached, all of whom participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 30 years (range 30–34 years). The overall proportion of PUI among the participants was 59 [16.7%]. Of the total participants with PUI, 28 (49.1%) had Stress urine incontinence (SUI), 9 (15.8%) had Urge urine incontinence (UUI), Mixed urine incontinence (MUI), and 1 (1.8%). Overall, among the participants who had PUI, quality of life (QoL) was moderately affected in 31 (52.5%) participants, followed by 17 (28.8%) whose QoL was slightly affected, 10 (16.9%) whose QoL was poor, and only 1 (1.7%) whose quality of life was very poor. In the multivariable logistic regression model, Factors associated with PUI were statically significant, with P < 0.05. A significant association between UI and a normal BMI, pre-obesity [AOR 1.351 95% CI 1.161–1.765], grand multipara [AOR 1.092 95% CI 1.027–1.323], and a previous history of cesarean section [AOR. 5.126 95% CI 2.081–12.628].ConclusionsPerinatal urinary incontinence has a considerable impact on health complications across various aspects, despite not being a life-threatening condition. The effects of urinary incontinence extend to daily activities, sexual health, personal relationships, social engagement, and mental well-being.

The measurement of microplastics in surface water and their impact on histopathological structures in wading birds of district Lahore

Plastics are globally considered a significant threat, particularly to metropolitan areas, due to the extensive use of plastic products. This research is the first of its kind to document microplastics contamination and its effects on Red wettled lapwing (Vanellus indicus). The concentration of microplastics (MPs) was measured from surface water at different locations including canals and drains, which are the primary sources of MPs pollution in the metropolitan city Lahore, Pakistan. The highest MPs concentration was recorded in the main stream of the Ravi River, with an average concentration of 5,150 ± 7.5 particles/m3. In addition, considering the different shapes of MPs, fibers were found to be most abundant at Site I (Main Stream of River Ravi), with the highest mean concentration of 92.4 ± 0.3 particles/m3, whereas the lowest mean concentration of 29.9 ± 0.1 particles/m3 was observed. In contrast, fragments were predominant at Site II (Shahdara Drain), with the highest and lowest mean concentrations of 42.6 ± 0.3 and 21.7 ± 0.1particles/m3, respectively. Chemical analysis revealed that most fragments, fibers; and beads belonged to the polyethylene class, while sheets were categorized as polypropylene and foam as polystyrene. The large MPs with particle size ranging from 400 μm to 5 mm were most abundant at both locations. Particles smaller than 0.5 mm were the most prevalent (56%) at Site I, while Site II showed the lowest proportions for size ranges 0.5–1 mm (24%), 1–2 mm (16%), 2–3 mm (8%), 3–4 mm (5%), and 4–5 mm (3%). The frequency of occurrence (%FO; prevalence) of plastics in necropsied birds was 89.7%. A total of 120 items were analyzed: 64 fibers, 23 fragments, 10 pieces of foam, 14 pieces of sheet, and 9 beads. Of the total ingested plastic debris analyzed, the largest proportion was comprised of polyethylene, making up 46% of the samples. Birds from Site I (Main Stream of River Ravi) had 100% of their organs containing plastic items compared to those from Site II (Shahdara Drain). Quantitative and qualitative histopathological analyses were performed to examine variations in prevalence percentage, frequency, and histological alteration indices (HAI) as a consequence of MPs exposure on the health of wild species. Tissue samples from the liver and kidneys of the Red-wattled lapwing were analyzed, and comparisons were made to assess the extent of damage and degree of alteration in bird organs. The study evaluated the impacts of ingested MPs, which induced inflammatory and anatomical responses in V. indicus. Significant tissue damage was observed, including considerable inflammatory responses, evident cellular swelling in many renal tubular epithelial cells, and pyknotic nuclei, which were major causes of necrosis and apoptosis. Prevalence percentage and frequency were significantly higher at Site I compared to Site II. The highest prevalence percentages in the liver and kidneys were 90% and 85%, respectively, manifesting as degeneration of hepatocytes and necrosis in renal tubular epithelial cells in response to 0.5–1 mm sized MPs. The lowest prevalence percentage, 5%, was observed as congestion of sinusoids and hyperemia in response to 4–5 mm sized MPs. The frequency and prevalence percentages followed the order: 0.5 mm &amp;gt; 0.5–1 mm &amp;gt; 1–2 mm &amp;gt; 2–3 mm &amp;gt; 3–4 mm &amp;gt; 4–5 mm &amp;gt; 0 mm (0 mm as control).This investigation contributes to the growing documentation of MPs abundance in freshwater ecosystems and provides a baseline for future studies on MPs pollution in the Ravi River.

Research-Based Instructional Strategies, Professional Competence, and Pedagogical Approaches

This study examines the effectiveness of research-based instructional strategies, professional competence, and pedagogical approaches among elementary teachers in the Schools Division of Iloilo, Philippines, during the 2023-2024 school year. The research employs a descriptive-correlational design to explore the relationships between these variables, with a focus on how teachers’ demographic profiles—such as age, sex, educational attainment, length of service, and position—influence their instructional methods and professional effectiveness. A total of 391 elementary teachers participated in the study, representing a diverse cross-section of the teaching workforce in Iloilo. The study utilized a validated and reliable questionnaire to gather data, which was then analyzed using various statistical tools, including frequency counts, percentages, means, T-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The findings reveal that while there is a general uniformity in pedagogical approaches across different age groups, sexes, and levels of teaching experience, significant differences emerge when these approaches are classified by educational attainment and professional position. Younger teachers and those with less experience tend to prioritize active learning strategies and inquiry-based learning, while more experienced teachers and those in higher positions emphasize collaboration, continuous improvement, and differentiation in their teaching methods. The study also identifies a positive correlation between the use of research-based instructional strategies and professional competence, suggesting that teachers who engage with research tend to be more effective in their roles. However, the findings indicate that tailored professional development programs are necessary to address the specific needs and strengths of different teacher groups, particularly concerning their educational background and professional roles. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance the quality of education in the Philippines by providing insights into how teachers’ instructional strategies and professional competencies can be improved to better meet the diverse needs of their students. The study’s recommendations focus on fostering collaboration, promoting continuous professional development, and ensuring that teaching practices remain relevant and effective in an ever-evolving educational landscape. Keywords: research-based instructional strategies, professional competence, pedagogical approaches, elementary education, teacher development, educational attainment, teaching experience, classroom practices, student engagement, Philippines education system

Symbols and Interpersonal Meanings of Popular Love Songs

This study ventured to analyze the select popular love songs. It employed a qualitative research approach using linguistic and rhetorical criticism. Systemic Functional Linguistics of M. A. K. Halliday, Fantasy Theme Criticism, and Semiotics were the analyses applied in order to discover the interpersonal meanings and symbols that select popular love songs carry in their lyrics. The researcher analyzed ten (10) songs. The following statistical tools were employed to analyze the data gathered: frequency count and percentage distribution. The research discovered that the mood and modality present in the lyrics of the songs were the two components to consider in determining the interpersonal meanings. On the other hand, the swirling of three themes: setting, character, and actions, form a successful rhetorical vision. The fantasy themes present in love songs, taken together, reveal the worldview created in different contexts of relationships built by love. Salient themes in the songs are breakups, deeply falling in love, regrets, and self-love which codes that encompass the themes are the characters, settings, and actions. The popular love songs invite the rhetorical community to perceive love in many mirrors. Symbols are also present in the lyrics of the songs. The symbols generated from the lines of the songs have a message intended for the addressees. The symbols represent a particular idea, theme, or meaning that the persona would want to communicate to the addressees. Based from the results of the analyses, various strategies in teaching language and literature were made and it is concluded that songs are best to integrate in the teaching of language and literature. It is also recommended that researchers conduct more studies that aim to explore more effective strategies in teaching language and literature utilizing different kinds of poetry.

Utilization of Electronic Information Resources as Correlates of Publication Output by Researchers in Agricultural Research Institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria

The study examined the utilization of electronic information resources (EIRs) as correlates of publications among research scientists in National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) headquarter in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Correlational research method was used to determine the relationship between utilization of EIRs and publications output among research scientists. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 217 respondents from a sample frame of 282 researchers based on Morgan’s table for sample size in four (Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, National Institute of Horticultural Research, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria and Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria) NARIs. Data were obtained on types of EIRs utilized, extent of use, effect of EIRs utilization on publication and the total of researchers’ publications using a structured questionnaire. The results obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (PPMC). Results revealed that major types of EIRs utilized by the researchers for their publications were Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture ( 3.46), Online Access to Research in the Environment ( 3.41) and The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library ( 3.32). The result further revealed that researchers have a high extent of use of EIRs with 100% utilization. The researchers stated that utilization of EIRs enhances efficient and effective publications ( 3.58) improve the quality of their publications ( 3.52) and enhance their decision making in publishing ( 3.48). Results further revealed that 74.9% and 85.3% of the researchers published more in local journals and proceedings respectively compared to 25.1% and 14.7% that published in international journals and proceedings respectively. PPMC revealed a significant (p&lt;0.05) relationship between utilization of EIR (r = 0.127) and researchers publications. In conclusion, utilization of EIRs enhances the publication output of researchers in agricultural research institutes. Therefore, the study recommended that stakeholders and policy makers in agricultural research institutes should invest in facilities that will facilitate utilization of EIRs for publications activities among research scientists.

A Time-Series Analysis of News Media Coverage of Suicide in Canada from 2019 to 2023: Une analyse de séries chronologiques de la couverture responsable du suicide par les médias au Canada de 2019 à 2023.

Evidence suggests that the media can play a role in preventing suicide, as well as contributing to suicide contagion. As such, the primary objective is to assess adherence to responsible reporting of suicide recommendations in news articles about suicide over time. A secondary objective is to assess whether reporting changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tertiary objective is to assess overall patterns regarding types of suicide reported. We collected news articles with the keyword "suicide" from 47 Canadian news sources between April 1, 2019, and March 31, 2023. Articles were coded for adherence to key responsible reporting of suicide guidelines. Frequency counts and percentages of adherence were calculated for all key variables. Time series analyses using a Generalized Linear Autoregressive Moving Average model assessed for adherence trends over time, including measuring for any changes during the COVID-19 years. Study procedures resulted in 3,232 coded news articles. Overall, the results indicate that adherence to the guidelines has moderately improved over the course of the 4-year period. This is especially true for recommendations regarding avoiding putatively harmful content, such as detailed descriptions of the suicide method. Similar improvements were seen in adherence to guidelines related to the inclusion of putatively helpful content, with significantly more articles providing help-seeking information. However, in the final year of the study, less than a third of articles included educational content about suicide, help-seeking information, or quotes from suicide experts. Reporting of suicide during the COVID-19 period showed some positive improvements; however, these were not sustained after the pandemic ended. On the plus side, adherence to responsible suicide reporting guidelines improved over the 4-year period, especially for recommendations concerning putatively helpful content. However, there remains room for improvement regarding the inclusion of putatively protective content such as including help-seeking information, educating about suicide, and quoting experts.

Storage Optimization at PT XY Using Class Based Storage and FSN Analysis Methods

This research aims to make the process of picking goods according to their type easier, so that the distance of transporting materials is shorter than the previous distance. FSN Analysis classifies goods based on the frequency of demand, and Class Based Storage groups goods based on their category (FSN) and places them in strategic locations in the warehouse. In this research, changes to the warehouse layout were made manually based on the results of the FSN analysis and the application of the Class Based Storage method. The results of the FSN Analysis are 7 types of Fast moving category goods, 6 types of Slow moving category goods, and 2 types of Non-moving category goods. FSN analysis is made by sorting all frequencies of goods from the highest value, as well as cumulative calculations and frequency percentages. By comparing the initial layout with the proposed layout, data processing results in a total decrease from IDR 6.558.992,00/ month to IDR 3.825.480,00/ month, or 41,7% more efficient by using the proposed layout based on the Class Based Storage method and FSN Analysis reduce moment material handling 42%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the problem of storing goods in PT XY's warehouse will be solved if using a storage optimization policy that uses the Class Based Storage method and FSN Analysis as a review and reference material in arranging future storage layouts.

Clinical-Microbial Synergy: Mapping Microbiological Profiles to Clinical Attributes in Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

To determine the clinical microbial synergy in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) based on bacterial groups and explore the likelihood ratios of clinical parameters. Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi in collaboration with Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, and Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2023 to May 2024. A total of 304 pus samples from clinically diagnosed cases of SSTIs were included in the study and were processed for microbiological work-up. Isolates were cultured on blood and MacCokney's agar media. Staphylococcal species were identified via the Rapid-ID staph plus system. Continuous data was represented as mean and standard deviation and categorical data were expressed as frequencies (percentages) and were further analysed by using the Chi-square test and multinomial regression model. The study revealed substantial associations between bacterial types and factors such as clinical unit, ethnicity, skin-barrier disruptions, infection site, and wound classification (p-value <0.05) in SSTIs. Metabolic and endocrine disorders increased the odds ratio of gram-negative rod infections (OR = 3.25). Accidents and trauma were associated with higher odds ratio of gram-positive cocci infections (OR = 3.288). Bacterial types varied across wound classes, with gram-positive cocci more common in classes I, II, and III (OR = 3.29, 2.00). This study identifies key predictors of bacterial aetiology in skin SSTIs, revealing increased associations between gram-negative rods and metabolic and endocrine disorders, gram-positive cocci and trauma-related SSTIs, and gram-negative rods in surgical site infections. Bacterial infections, Infection control, Soft tissue infections, Surgical site infections.

Factors Affecting the Academic Achievement in Mathematics of Grade 10 Students in Barobo National High School, Llorente, Eastern Samar, Philippines

This study was conducted to know the factors affecting the Academic Achievement in Mathematics of Grade 10 Students in Barobo National High School. The correlational research design was used. The respondents were forty-eight (48) Grade 10 students of Barobo National High School. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to profile the respondents. The final average grades of students in Mathematics in the previous grade level were used to determine the level of academic achievement of students. The data gathered were tabulated and analyzed using statistical tools such as mean percentage frequency counts, percentage, and Mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Based on the result of the study, the respondents are mostly female and a majority of the mothers reached secondary level. Likewise, the fathers of the respondents mostly obtained an elementary level of education. With regards to their attitude towards mathematics, it was revealed that the learners are undecided on this aspect, meaning they neither agree nor disagree with the given statements about the attitude of learners towards mathematics. On the other hand, the academic achievement of students was obtained at a very satisfactory level for a mean of 86.21%. Meanwhile, the data suggested that the fathers’ educational attainment has no significant effect on the academic achievement of students. But looking deeper through the result, it was found that gender and educational attainment of mothers have a moderate correlation to students’ academic achievement having r-values of .443 and .503 respectively. The student’s attitude toward Mathematics has a low significant bearing or correlation to students’ academic achievement in the subject with an r-value of.325. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the mother’s educational attainment has the greatest impact on the performance of learners in mathematics 10. Students can get a better learning result if besides being supported by teachers, they can receive full attention from their mothers on what they are learning. The findings of this study led to the recommendation that Mathematics teachers must consistently check the students’ level of performance in mathematics to see whether they are performing well or not so that immediate intervention will be employed; every school personnel must inculcate positive attitude for it has significant effect to Math performance; schools must design an activity to engage parents especially mothers in the math activities in school so they can support their children at home and capacity building for teachers must be initiated by school instructional leaders for improved teaching performance.

EFFECT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS IN NIGERIA

Strategic Management is described as ongoing planning, monitoring, analysis and assessment of all necessities an organization needs to meet its goals and objectives. The extent to which strategic management practices affect organizational performance as remained a subject of concern among participant in Agribusiness firms industry in Nigeria. This study therefore makes it imperative for an in-depth study on the nexus between strategic management practices and organizational performance of selected Agribusiness Firms in Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey design using structured questionnaire. The sample size of seven (7) selected Agribusiness Firms in Nigeria was arrived at using simple purposive sampling technique. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as percentage count and frequency table while inferential statistics of multiple regression were was used to analyse the effect of strategic management practices on the organizational performance of selected Agribusiness Firms in Nigeria. Findings from the result of multiple regression analysis revealed that, strong contributory relationships were reported for all the variables taken together with both coefficient of determination (R2) and adjusted R2 being 0.398 and 0.384 (40% and 49%) respectively. The fitness of the model is validated given the significance of prob ≥ f = 0.0036 and f (4, 5) = 56.00.Level of relationship exhibit positive effect on SMEs performance. In particular three of the explanatory variables show significant impact on SMEs performance. These are Strategy Formulation, Strategy Implementation and Strategy Evaluation with a P – Values of 0.000, 0.085 and 0.000 respectively. The study concluded that, positive relationship exists between strategic management practices and organizational performance of selected Agribusiness Firms in Nigeria.

EFFECT OF EXTERNAL AUDIT OPINION ON THE TRANSPARENCY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY OF SELECTED NIGERIAN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS

The growing complexity of business transactions brought about by globalization of capital markets have made it mandatory for regulators, and auditing firms to see the need for common standards in all areas of financial reporting. Despite these positive developments, the extent to which external audit opinion influences transparency of Financial Reporting Quality of selected Nigerian deposit money banks remains a subject of concern among participant in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks (NDMBs) sector. This study examined the nexus between external audit opinion and transparency of Financial Reporting Quality of selected Nigerian deposit money banks The study employed survey research design using structured questionnaire. The population of the study comprised of senior staff of accounting departments of selected NDMBs from where a sample of seven (7) banks were purposively selected based on ease of data collection. The respondents include twelve (12) senior staffs in the account departments of each of the sampled banks to give 84 respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the purpose of the data analysis. Descriptive statistics include frequency tables and percentage count while inferential statistics such as multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effect of external audit opinion on transparency of FRQ of NDMBs. Findings from the multiple regression analysis showed that two of the five explanatory variables were significant in explaining variation in transparency of financial reporting quality. These are External Audit Firm Reputation (p= .000) and Perception of Financial Restatements (p=.035). The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between external audit opinion and transparency of FRQ of NDMBs. It is therefore recommended that NDMBs should continue to engage reputable external audit firms known for their stringent audit standards and independence. The significant positive impact of audit firm reputation on financial transparency underscores the need for high-quality audits.

The influence of parent-child relationship on academic performance of Basic Science Students in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State

This research was aimed at investigating the influence of Parent-child relationship on academic performance of Basic Science students in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted the export facto research design. The population of the study was made up of all JSS 11 basic science Students of 2022/2023 academic session in Biase L.G.A, totally about 1500 Students. All the schools in the stratum were used since there were few public schools. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 230 JSS11 Students from the public schools in the area of study. The instruments for data collection were Achievement test tagged Basic Science Achievement Test (BSAT) and a Questionnaire tagged Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ). The achievement test contained 25 questions drawn from the topics: Nature of Matter and Motion from the Basic Science curriculum. Face and content validity were used to validate the instruments. The achievement test and questionnaire were utilized as the main sources of data collection. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. Seven of which appraised the demographic information of the students while 15 questions (5 for each hypothesis) measured the variables of the study, while the reliability was determined using the test-retest method. The responses were correlated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The coefficient obtained was 0.67 for cordial relationship between children and parents, 0.74 for meeting basic needs of children by parents and 0.69 for monitoring learners' progress. Acquired data was analysed using descriptive statistics consisting of frequency tables and percentages for the demographic information while the variables were correlated using independent t-test. The findings of the study revealed that basic science students who have cordial relationship with their parents have positive significant in their academic performance than their counterparts who do not have cordial relationship with their parents. Significant difference was found in the academic performance of basic science students whose basic needs were satisfied by their parents and those whose needs were not satisfied by their parents in favour of those whose needs were supplied. There is significant difference in the academic performance of basic science students whose academic progresses were monitored by their parents and those whose academic progresses were not monitored in schools in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that parents should strengthen their mutual relationships with their children to provide the home environment and the psychological disposition needed to enhance academic performances in schools.

ENGINEERING INNOVATION AND MARKET SUCCESS: EXPLORING THE NEED FOR ENGINEERS’ MARKETING SKILLS

Resulting marketing and engineering product goals require engineering and marketing to be interconnected, as the unity of engineering innovation and its marketing leads to product market success. Sustainability affects product market success. The aim of this study is to explore the need for engineers’ marketing skills, both theoretically and empirically. The present work represents exploratory research. Theoretical research is based on the analysis of scientific literature available via Google search. This empirical study was conducted in the year 2024. A total of 209 undergraduate engineering students studying computer science in India participated in an online survey. Data from the online survey were processed via frequency analysis, percentage, and ranking. Theoretical analysis allows us to conclude that sustainability is the cornerstone in modelling engineers’ marketing skills, as well as in the creation of engineering innovation (product design). Theoretical research results in modelling engineers’ marketing skills, consisting of five sub-skills. The empirical study found that social media marketing skills for engineers who represent the digital economy are the most important. Engineers’ marketing skills are an emerging research area. The limitations of this theoretical analysis and empirical study are highlighted. Future research directions are proposed.

Prospective evaluation of soft tissue tumors: Correlation of ST-RADS MRI reporting guidelines with histopathological findings

Introduction. Soft tissue tumors, ranging from benign to highly malignant, pose diagnostic challenges due to their histological diversity. MRI is the preferred imaging modality for these tumors, but variability in interpretation affects consistency. The Soft Tissue Reporting and Data System (ST-RADs), modeled after BI-RADS, offers a standardized approach for classifying soft tissue lesions based on MRI features, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing unnecessary biopsies. This study aims to validate the clinical utility of ST-RADs by correlating MRI findings with histopathological examination (HPE), providing evidence for its use in routine practice to enhance diagnostic confidence and optimize patient management. Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Soft Tissue Reporting and Data System (ST-RADS) in diagnosing soft tissue tumors using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), correlating MRI findings with histopathological examination (HPE) outcomes. Knowledge generated. Diagnostic accuracy was found to be high, with a ROC AUC of 0.959. Epidemiological insights indicate that a significant portion of the affected population is over 40 years old, with a balanced gender distribution. Clinical utility highlights the potential to reduce invasive diagnostic procedures through a reliable, non-invasive, imaging-based classification. Histopathological correlation confirms that MRI findings are consistent with HPE diagnoses, further validating the reliability of ST-RADs. Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, involving 40 patients with suspected soft tissue tumors. MRI scans were performed using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system and classified according to ST-RADS guidelines. Histopathological examination was used as the gold standard for diagnosis. Statistical analysis included frequency percentages and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. The study primarily involved older adults, with 28 participants aged over 40 years (70%), including a significant portion aged 60-70 years (13 participants, 32.5%). The gender distribution was balanced, with 18 males (45%) and 22 females (55%). Diagnoses revealed 17 sarcomas (42.5%), 11 lipomas (27.5%), and 3 ganglion cysts (7.5%). Most lesions were benign, found in 27 cases (67.5%), and the ST-RADS classification demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (ROC AUC = 0.959, P &lt; 0.0001). The optimal cutoff at ST-RADS 0-3 versus 4-5 provided a sensitivity of 92.31% and specificity of 85.19%, which is crucial for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors. Conclusion. The ST-RADS system provides a structured approach to MRI assessment of soft tissue tumors, facilitating accurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. Correlation with histopathological findings supports its clinical utility, potentially reducing the need for invasive procedures and guiding appropriate treatment strategies. Future enhancements and integration with advanced diagnostic tools could further improve diagnostic precision and patient care outcomes.

Teachers’ Knowledge, Implementation Strategies, and Management Support and Student Engagement in Teaching Dance

This study explores the factors influencing student engagement in teaching dance within the MAPEH curriculum in the Schools Division of Iloilo, Philippines. The research focuses on the roles of teachers’ knowledge, implementation strategies, and management support, aiming to understand how these elements interact to impact student participation and enthusiasm. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, the study involved 375 MAPEH teachers, assessing their instructional practices and the corresponding levels of student engagement. The study employed statistical tools such as frequency distribution, percentages, and means to describe the profile of the respondents and their knowledge levels. Pearson’s r was utilized to determine correlations between variables, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to examine significant differences in teachers’ knowledge, management support, and student engagement across various demographics. These tools enabled a comprehensive analysis of the relationships among the factors studied. The findings reveal that higher educational attainment and professional positions significantly enhance teachers’ knowledge and implementation strategies, which in turn, positively correlate with student engagement. Moreover, management support was identified as a crucial factor in fostering effective teaching practices. Despite the consistently high levels of engagement and support across various demographics, the study suggests the need for further improvements in inclusivity, technology integration, and tailored professional development programs to address specific needs. Keywords: dance education, student engagement, teacher knowledge, implementation strategies, management support, MAPEH curriculum, educational attainment, professional development, Philippines education system

SOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF TAI SOLARIN UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION IJAGUN, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

Substance abuse has long been a significant challenge in public health, persisting throughout history. There is a growing concern over the escalating use of substances among undergraduate students, posing serious threats to societies worldwide. This trend not only jeopardizes physical health but also undermines social and ethical standards. Substance abuse among undergraduates leads to property damage within educational institutions and diminishes the prospects of academic success of students. In examining the social factors influencing substance abuse among undergraduates at Tai Solarin University of Education in Ijagun, Ogun State, a descriptive survey research design was employed. The study utilized a simple random sampling technique to select a sample of eight hundred (800) undergraduates. The researcher designed a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.78 to investigate substance abuse among undergraduates, employing statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, and chi-square tests at a significance level of 0.05. The analysis resulted in the rejection of all three hypotheses. The study identified peer pressure, substance availability, and advertisements as significant contributors to substance abuse among undergraduates. Consequently, the study recommends mandatory medical testing for substance abuse across all undergraduate levels and advocates for active involvement of health educators in educating students, including integration of substance abuse topics into General Studies (GNS) courses. Keywords: Peer Pressure, Substance Abuse, Undergraduates.

SPECIAL EDUCATION IN THE NEW NORMAL: EMBRACING DISTANCE LEARNING

This study explores the adaptation and challenges in special education during distance learning to develop a comprehensive continuity plan. Participants included three administrators and 15 teachers from special education schools in Cabanatuan City, along with 150 parents during the 2021-2022 school year at Cabanatuan East Central School, Lazaro Francisco Integrated School, and Camp Tinio Elementary School. Using a descriptive research method, the researchers created a questionnaire as the main data collection tool, which was validated for reliability. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), employing frequency counts and percentages to profile respondents. Weighted mean values were applied to assess adjustments, challenges, and support in special education distance learning. The findings reveal the effective implementation of modified practices in special education, covering instructional, curricular, and administrative areas. Administrators and teachers rated the challenges of executing the special education learning continuity plan as moderately difficult, while parents found them slightly challenging, emphasizing the significant efforts of teachers and administrators in helping parents and students comply with the plan. The researchers recommends a continuity plan designed to benefit administrators, special education teachers and parents with the goal of improving the educational experience for this group. KEYWORDS: Special Education, Distance Learning, Adaptation, Challenges

Influence of Classroom Dynamics on Students’ Academic Performance in Day Secondary Schools in Mwingi East Sub County, Kitui County, Kenya

The study aimed to investigate the influence of classroom dynamics on student academic performance in day secondary schools in Mwangi East Sub-County, Kitui County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were: To evaluate the influence of class size on academic performance, To examine the influence of school rules and regulations, To assess the influence of parental involvement in school activities and To examine the influence of teacher's class supervision on academic performance. Goal-Centered Theory (GCT) was used to explain the dynamics of learning. The target population of the study was 2280. 341 responses were obtained using Slovin sample formulae. The random sampling method was used to select schools, while the stratified sampling method was used to select the sample size from principals, class teachers and students from selected secondary schools. Data collection was done using questionnaires, interview schedules and observations. Validity and reliability of Research Instruments were conducted to ascertain the internal consistency and legitimacy of the research instruments. Data analysis was done using SPSS (version 25). Analyzed data was presented in the form of frequency tables, percentages, graphs and charts. The researcher found that on the first objective, the test of hypothesis r-calculated value of 4.88 was greater than the R-critical value of 2.17 at a p-value ~ 0.05, and the null hypothesis was rejected. On the second objective, the test of hypothesis r-calculated value of 4.88 is greater than the R-critical of value 2.17 at p-value ~ 0.05, and the null hypothesis was rejected. On the third objective, the test of hypothesis r-calculated value of 4.11 is greater than the R-critical of value 3.1 at p-value ~ 0.05, and the null hypothesis was rejected. Lastly, on the fourth objective, the test of hypothesis r-calculated value of 5.2 was greater than the R-critical of value 4.2 at p-value ~ 0.05, and the null hypothesis was rejected. The study concluded that there was evidence of reduced class time for syllabus completion for teachers and low mastery of contents due to pressed instructional time. Rules and instructions in the classroom environment help to improve the class learning procedures, as evidenced by the respondent responses. Timely class attendance was paramount for students' academic performances. Interactive demonstrations for problem-solving techniques were used by selected teachers, thus making teachers have different opinions, and there have been high records of insufficient learning materials that resulted in poor class management and attributed to the contribution of poor performance. The researcher recommended that teachers learn different methods of managing class sizes. Headteachers and teachers should coordinate in drafting and enforcing school rules and regulations, and every teacher should have working strategies that promote class integration.