French-speaking Research Articles

Analysis of French Orthographic Errors Among Students at a Vocational School in Yogyakarta

There are some elements of French orthography and mastering them is essential for proper writing and communication in the French language. This study aims to analyze French orthographic errors in essays written by students at a vocational school in Yogyakarta, where French is taught as a foreign language. The research focuses on errors related to self-introduction essays, covering aspects such as name, age, profession, address, nationality, and hobbies. Data collection involved students writing mini-essays about themselves, with errors noted during the process. The analysis followed language error theory, detailing error types, frequency, and patterns. Results revealed syntactic level errors among 30 participants, with 56 orthographic errors identified. The errors encompassed accents (é, è), apostrophes, capitalization, conjugation, and miscellaneous errors. These findings shed light on common challenges faced by beginner French learners, providing valuable insights for language teaching and curriculum development at vocational

A Follow up on the Continuum Theory of Eco-Anxiety: Analysis of the Climate Change Anxiety Scale Using Item Response Theory among French Speaking Population.

The mental health impact of the environmental crisis, particularly eco-anxiety, is a growing research topic whose measurement still lacks consensus. This study aims to use item response theory (IRT) to gain a deeper understanding of the constructs measured by existing questionnaires. To conduct this review, we applied the graded response model with the help of the MIRT package in R on open-access data from the short French version of the Climate Change Anxiety Questionnaire, which measures cognitive-emotional impairment and functional impairment. The models tested in this study are the one, two, and three-factor models, and the bifactor model. After model selection, the psychometric properties of the selected model were tested. Our results suggest that the unidimensional model seems to be the most appropriate for measuring eco-anxiety. The item difficulty parameter extracted from the IRT enabled us to discuss the severity levels of the items comprising this tool. The Climate Change Anxiety Questionnaire appears to be more appropriate for measuring moderate to severe eco-anxiety. Avenues for improving this questionnaire and the measurement of eco-anxiety in general are then discussed.

A scoping review of websites for forensic odontology training programs.

Forensic Odontology developed as a discipline in 1898 with the publication of its first textbook; however, 126 years later, a standardised core curriculum for formal training in Forensic Odontology has yet to be decided. This website scoping review aims to provide information on three main distinct categories (and 17 subcategories): Availability, Content, and Quality of Forensic Odontology education globally. The information on formal education programmes was gathered by conducting a web search using 'Google Search' in English, Arabic, Spanish, and French languages between June and July 2022. Fifty-six programmes from 18 countries met the inclusion criteria. Of the 14 master's and 42 diploma programmes, only 7.14% provided information on their websites from all the subcategories investigated. The highest numbers of master's and postgraduate diploma programmes were identified in Europe (18 programmes), South America (15), North America (11) and Asia (7). A practical aspect was included by 10 master's and 12 diploma programmes' websites. Research integration in various forms was included by 11 master's and seven diploma programmes. Programme providers and applicants must critically consider the quality of the programme being designed or applied to as there are currently no international training standards in Forensic Odontology. This study has developed an 'International Database of Forensic Odontology Programmes' (IDFOP).

Unveiling voices and narratives: exploring the perspectives on multiculturalism and bilingualism of recent adult Chinese immigrants in Canada

ABSTRACT Multiculturalism, a federal policy that emphasises cultural, social, and political rights for ethnic minorities in Canada, is a crucial aspect of immigrant life. Concurrently with the implementation of multiculturalism by the federal government, Canada adopted bilingualism as its official language policy. Although the primary motivation for this policy was to protect the French language and culture, it holds significant relevance for immigrants, especially those residing in Francophone-dominant areas such as Quebec. Despite the importance of these policies to immigrant life, few studies have explored immigrants’ perspectives on both federal policies. Addressing this gap, the present study examines the lived experiences of six adult Chinese immigrants who arrived in Canada and obtained permanent residency or Canadian citizenship after 2010. Through narrative inquiry, this research shares participants’ stories to explore how recent adult Chinese immigrants understand Canadian multiculturalism and bilingualism. Taking a critical stance on multiculturalism and bilingualism, this study examines, discusses and interprets the lived experiences of its participants with the goal to confront issues of inequality, privilege, and power dynamics. The findings reveal that Chinese immigrants’ understanding of multiculturalism and bilingualism is shaped by their personal experiences with both policies. Participants leverage their experiential knowledge of multiculturalism and bilingualism to navigate their new lives in Canada. Although participants voice some concerns about these policies, they also presented nuanced perspectives and opinions on both federal policies. These perspectives not only enrich the literature on Canadian multiculturalism and bilingualism, but also highlight Chinese immigrants’ desire for integration in Canada.

What evidence exists relating the impact of different grassland management practices to soil carbon in livestock systems? A systematic map protocol

BackgroundGrasslands are essential for providing vital resources in the livestock sector and delivering invaluable ecosystem services such as biodiversity and soil carbon (C) sequestration. Despite their critical importance, these ecosystems face escalating threats from human disturbances, human degradation, and climate change, compromising their ability to effectively stock C. Restoring degraded grasslands emerges as a pragmatic and cost-effective approach to tackling climate change. However, the successful implementation of grassland management toward this goal, faces significant challenges. A systematic mapping approach will help to compile a comprehensive global inventory of studies investigating the impact of differing grassland management practices on soil carbon. In addition, the potential for trade-offs with other greenhouse gas emissions further underlines the value of a systematic assessment. This approach aims to identify knowledge clusters (i.e., well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis) for potential systematic reviews and pinpoint knowledge gaps requiring further primary research efforts, all contributing to a better understanding of the evidence surrounding this topic.MethodsFollowing systematic evidence synthesis standards, we developed the question to address in the systematic map protocol using the PICO framework. We established a preliminary search string by combining search terms for the Population (Grasslands), Intervention (management) and Outcome (soil carbon) categories, as well as with one additional group (Study types—to focus on farm and field experiments). We will conduct a comprehensive literature search of relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature using Web of Science, Scopus, CABI platforms, Google Scholar, and specialised websites (e.g., Agrotrop). Searches will be conducted in the English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, and Mongolian languages, as per the linguistic capabilities of the research team. The comprehensiveness of the search will be assessed by comparing the literature collected to a test-list of forty relevant articles. The repeatability of the literature screening process will be ensured by a list of inclusion/exclusion criteria and inter-reviewer consistency statistical tests. Data extraction will be organised into four complementary sections (article information, PICO categories, study characteristics, measurable parameters), on which we will perform queries to produce the tables, figures and evidence maps that will compose the systematic map. The results will identify and describe knowledge gaps and clusters.

Dismantling Colonial Laughter: Tracing Emergent African Diaspora Stand-Up Comedy in French and German

This study redirects attention from English-speaking African diaspora stand-up productions to French and German language expressions of purposively selected comedians with recent immigration history from Africa performing within mainland Europe. Through a socio-historical interrogation of specific colonial histories and joke themes, the paper comparatively explores the French language stage acts of Fary Lopez, Samia Orosemane (France) and Cécile Djunga (Belgium and France) and the German language works of Dave Davis (Germany), Charles Nguela (Switzerland), and Soso Mugiraneza (Austria). The aim is to show how the individuated colonial histories of the nations in which these comics reside and the chronicles of their relations with Africa(ns) and Black peoples feature in joke formulations and satiric jibes of the jokesters. Through these explorations, this essay studies how stand-up comedy’s transformative power challenges societal norms and attitudes using the backdrop of the concurrently heterogeneous and dissimilar colonial histories of the African continent and its diasporas. Moreover, through its focus on non-English expressions, it presents the unique intersections of language, “race,” ethnicity and colonial histories, as well as the geographic and linguistic spread of the African diaspora beyond European nations with direct colonial contact with the continent. Thus, the enquiry posits joke performances as platforms for cultural expression and critique as well as a site within which African peoples negotiate their presence in non-African environments.

Development of Interactive E-Book by Flip PDF Professional Application for the Improvement of Students’ Competence in French Language

This research aims to explain the development process, validity, and effectiveness of Flip PDF Professional application media which produces interactive French E-book products that improves students’ language skills. This development process was validated by four media and material validators, and the media was suitable for teaching and learning use at SMA Plus Efarina Simalungun. From needs analysis, students had difficulties in learning French because the learning methods were oriented to lectures/demonstrations and discussions although students needed technology-based media which could became solutions and had several advantages, such as, it was easy to use anytime and anywhere, simple (not heavy on storage), interactive, and complete with video, audio, text, quizzes, etc. This paper was adapted from ADDIE model proposed by Molenda (2008) although this paper only discussed the development stage. In the material validation process, an average score of 87% was obtained so it was categorized as very good. Meanwhile, in the media validation process, an average value of 90% was gotten so it was categorized as very good too. Thus, the development of the Flip PDF Professional application media which was interactive French E-book products could improve students’ language skills. Keywords: Development, Interactive, E-Book, Augmented Reality, Livgent.

Working Memory and Cross-Linguistic Influence on Vocabulary Acquisition.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the cross-linguistic influence of previously learned languages and working memory capacities on the vocabulary performance of two different typological languages. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the working memory capacities of bilingual adults in relation to the vocabulary performance of two different languages never learned by the participants, and (2) to analyze to what extent the typology of previously learned languages influences working memory capacities in relation to the vocabulary performance of French and Nahuatl. A group of 43 Mexican Spanish college students participated in this experimental study. The participants completed a series of working memory tasks in Nahuatl and French. The results showed that working memory capacities were lower in Nahuatl than in French. Thus, a correlation was found between their first and second language and vocabulary performance in French. We can consider the influence of previously learned languages as a significant factor in vocabulary acquisition in accordance with the participants' working memory capacities.

LANGUAGE SKILLS AND SUCCESSFUL MISSION OF UN PEACEKEEPERS: A CASE STUDY OF ACEHNESE POLICEWOMEN

UN peacekeeping operations rely on international cooperation to constitute competitive female peacekeepers. Meanwhile, Indonesia is an active contributor to global peace, yet its women peacekeepers dealt with linguistic challenges to participate in peacekeeping missions in French-speaking countries. This article investigates the exhaustive intellectual and physical performances of a policewoman from Banda Aceh to take part in the MINUSCA ( United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic) 2020-2021. This paper aims to illustrate the theory of feminism by using a descriptive qualitative analysis. In UN peacekeeping missions, having female peacekeepers is crucial for ensuring gender-balanced representation. This study describes how the determinism of the female gender through personal commitment, self-engagement, and motivation is as valuable as the male gender. The data are collected via recorded Zoom meetings. The findings revealed the components of French language proficiency for MINUSCA, learning activities, the Indonesian policewoman’s experiences in learning French, and French language teaching andlearning issues that needed to be addressed in Banda Aceh. In addition, this article underlines factual issues on the absence of an official French language academy in Banda Aceh. Addressing those issues will contribute to maximizing Indonesian human resources for global peace.

Between misfortune and misery, the Creole and the French language

Between misfortune and misery, the Creole and the French language

Utilization of technologies in French language translation (FLT) education in Saudi Arabia: A quantitative survey study

The utilization of educational technologies has become a mainstream issue in recent years, particularly in the post-pandemic era. The need for technologies and the procedures for implementing them is, therefore, increasingly becoming a core subject and an interesting area of research in foreign language instruction. The present research aimed to explore the utilization of technology in teaching and learning FLT at Princess Nourah University in Saudi Arabia. The research adopted a quantitative survey study based on the data collected from 169 students using a 48-item questionnaire. The results showed that the most used technologies by students are FLT learning videos on YouTube, browsing electronic sites, and searching educational sites. The findings also revealed that the most common technologies used by teachers include e-mail, learning management systems, and gamification. The least used technologies were artificial intelligence, Boostlingo, and Kahoot, which are considered more relevant to FLT instruction [30]. For FLT students, the most challenging obstacles in utilizing technologies were a lack of training on using relevant technologies and limited electronic sites supporting FLT learning. Amongst the recommendations that the researcher highlighted based on these study findings include the fact that students must still utilize more innovative technology relevant to FLT learning, as most of this technology is considered common. All recommendations highlighted aim to develop technology-based FLT teaching and learning in the College of Languages at PNU. For research ethics purposes, the researcher achieved Approval Exempt (IRB Log # 22–0348), date: 29/May 2023.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of African School of Hypertension for Non-Physician Health Workers, a Qualitative Study: QuASH Hypertension Study.

The implementation of task sharing and shifting (TSTS) policy as a way of addressing the shortage of physicians and reducing the burden of hypertension in Africa birthed the idea of the African School of Hypertension (ASH). The ASH is saddled with the responsibility of training non-physician health workers across Africa continent in the management of uncomplicated hypertension. To get feedback from some faculty members and students who participated in the first ASH programme. This was a cross-sectional exploratory qualitative study conducted among eight students and eight faculty members. Feedback from the program was obtained by conducting in-depth interviews centred on description of course content; expectations and knowledge acquired from ASH; level of interaction between students and faculty members; challenges faced during the ASH; level of implementation of acquired training; and suggestions to improve subsequent ASH programs. The course content of the ASH was described as simple, appropriate and adequate while interaction between students and faculty members were highly cordial and engaging. New knowledge about hypertension management was acquired by the students with different levels of implementation post-graduation. Some identified challenges with the ASH program were poor internet connectivity during lectures, non-uniformity of TSTS policies and hypertension management guidelines across Africa, technical problems with hypertension management app and low participation from other African countries apart from Nigeria. Some recommendations to improve ASH program were development of a uniform hypertension management guideline for Africans, wider publicity of the ASH, interpretation of lectures into French and Portuguese languages and improvement of internet connectivity. The ASH programme has largely achieved its objectives with the very encouraging feedback received from both faculty members and the students. Steps should be taken to address the identified challenges and implement the suggested recommendations in subsequent ASH program to sustain this success.

The Role and Place of Translation in The French Department: The Case of 3rd Year Students At University of Oran 2

Pedagogical translation is a specific type of translation employed in language education to enhance students' literacy skills. It is recognized that didactic translation involves transferring meaning between languages with the aim of improving language proficiency. This case study was conducted to emphasis the role of translation within the French Language Department at the University of Oran 2. The researcher aimed to explore the benefits of translation in teaching French and preparing students for careers as French language educators at both primary and secondary educational levels. The study focused on students and teachers within the French Language Department, who are pivotal in the teaching-learning environment. Established in 2014, the French Language Department at the University of Oran 2 was formerly part of the Foreign Languages Institute. This investigation took place during the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023 and employed a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The study systematically addressed the issue from various scientific and practical perspectives. Data collection involved student questionnaires, teacher interviews, and observations to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. Participants included third-year students at the University of Oran 2 (Algeria). The findings indicated that didactic translation significantly enhanced students' reading comprehension and written expression, particularly at grammatical, syntactic, and semantic levels. The study also proposed strategies to assist future French teachers in overcoming challenges and limitations in their careers. It recommended integrating translation as a core module across all academic levels to ensure thorough mastery of the French language.

Analysis of asymmetric VR games – Steam platform case study

The paper presents research on the topic of asymmetric virtual reality (VR) games. These types of applications are in the development phase when it comes to their presence on the market, range, amount, and popularity. This research discusses the original topic, as it is still a niche compared to video games and even to VR applications on the market. The article presents a quantitative analysis of asymmetric VR applications available in the international market. One of the popular gaming platforms, Steam, was chosen as a subject for the case study in this investigation. The objectives of the conducted research include, first, a quantitative analysis and presentation of up-to-date data on asymmetric VR games available on Steam; then, providing and systematizing new knowledge about the asymmetric VR term, identifying the nature of asymmetric VR games, and finally, recognition of the current situation and the latest trends within the concept of asymmetric VR. Based on the results, it was concluded that the dominating genre of asymmetric VR was action (49.4 %), indie (46.0 %) and casual (45.4 %), followed by simulation (37.4 %). Most of the games were available in English (96.6 %), and far behind English, there were French and German languages (30.5 %), and then Spanish – Spain (28.2 %), Russian (27 %), Japanese (25.9 %), simplified Chinese (25.3 %) and others. The analysis of user re-views on Steam that asymmetric VR receive favorable feedback, with ‘very positive’ as the most prevalent label, representing 35.0 % of analyzed games. Notably, only four games achieved the ‘overwhelmingly positive’ label, including ‘Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes’ in the basic version and in the version with soundtrack (97 % positive reviews), ‘Rock Life: The Rock Simulator’ (95 % positive reviews), and ‘IronWolf VR’ (95 % positive reviews). Last but not least, the paper describes the features of the analyzed asymmetric VR application. The results of the research make a contribution to the field and provide new knowledge on the following: the new subarea of VR, the nature of asymmetric VR (author's concept), human behavior and interaction in asymmetric virtual gameplay, and communication in asymmetric VR.

The Evolution of the French Chanson During the Renaissance: From the Parisian Chanson to the Pléiade Chansons, and the Air du Cour

The present article traces the evolution and development of the French chanson, focusing on the Parisian chanson and the changes underwent by the genre under the influence of the group La Pléiade. One of the most important contributions France has made to the music of the Renaissance, the chanson embodies the endeavors that guided French artists of the Renaissance to prove that the French language possessed all the necessary qualities for becoming a poetic language. Relinquishing the sobriety of the Franco-Flemish school, Renaissance composers turned to a simpler, more melodious expression in their works, striving to place the text at the forefront. The 1520’s witnessed the emergence of a new type of chanson, generally known as the Parisian chanson, with its lyrical and narrative versions, exemplified by the works of such composers as Claudin de Sermisy or Clément Janequin. From the complex polyphonic works, composers turned to more transparent textures, characterized by homorhythm and homophony. The chanson was also influenced by the ideals proposed by the Pléiade group, which placed poetry at the forefront, the music following the metric and rhythmic patterns of the declamation – a practice that became known as musique mesurée and was represented by the works of Claude Le Jeune. Finally, the end of the 16th century brought about the gradual replacement of the genre with the air du cour, which would gain popularity in the 17th century. Nonetheless, the particularities of the musique mesurée would have a great influence on declamation and the importance of the accents in song – concepts that lies at the core of French vocal music of the following centuries. The analysis proposed by the authors presents pieces that are representative for the evolution of the genre, striving to reveal the particularities of each period in the development of the chanson. Keywords: chanson, French, Renaissance, La Pléiade, musique mesurée

Subjective cognitive decline and objective cognitive performance in older adults: A systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.

Older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have a higher risk of developing future cognitive decline than those without SCD. However, the association between SCD and objective cognitive performance remains unclear. This PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review aims to provide a qualitative assessment of the longitudinal and cross-sectional relationship between SCD and objective cognitive performance in different cognitive domains, in neuropsychologically healthy, community-dwelling older adults (average age of 55 or older). To identify pertinent studies, a comprehensive search was conducted from seven databases. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. Inclusion criteria were met by 167 studies, which were full-text and published between 1 January 1982 and 16 May 2023 (inclusive) in the languages of English, French, or Spanish and presenting data on objective cognitive performance in older adults with SCD. Overall, we found that SCD was associated with poorer objective cognitive performance on measures of global cognition and memory longitudinally compared to non-SCD status, but this association was inconsistent in cross-sectional studies. This association became stronger with the use of continuous measures of SCD as opposed to dichotomous measures. Additionally, results highlight the known lack of consistency in SCD assessment among studies and comparatively small number of longitudinal studies in SCD research.

Perception and Attitude towards French for specific purposes among Linguistics Students in the University of Calabar

The need for specialized language instruction arises from the growing demand for professionals proficient in French within specific contexts. The objective of this study was to explore the effectiveness of FSP in improving language skills and cultural knowledge among learners in the Department of Linguistics, University of Calabar. To achieve the purpose of this study, three research questions were posed. A literature review was carried out according to the study variables. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The target population consists of all students and instructors in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Calabar who are enrolled in or teaching French language courses. The study sample consisted of 33 respondents which involved 26 learners and 7 instructors were purposively sampled from the Department of Linguistics, University of Calabar. Questionnaire was the instrument used for qualitative data collection. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques which involved simple percentages. The results indicate a gap in language needs and challenges for learners in the Department of Linguistics. Secondly, FSP instruction impacts learners’ language proficiency and cultural understanding. Finally, the results indicate that FSP instruction's impact on the perceptions and attitudes of learners and instructors towards FSP is high. The findings from this study have several implications for the design and implementation of FSP instruction to enhance language proficiency, promote cultural understanding, and foster cross-cultural communication skills among learners. Educators and curriculum developers can leverage these findings to design effective FSP-based language programs that cater to the diverse needs of language learners.

Developing French for Specific Purposes to Enhance Foreign Language Skills of Curriculum and Teaching Students in The University of Calabar

Traditional language teaching methodologies often fall short in meeting the specialized needs of learners who require language skills for specific professional contexts. This gap has led to the emergence of French for Specific Purposes (FSP), a subfield focused on equipping learners with the necessary skills to function effectively in their chosen professions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FSP in enhancing language skills and cultural knowledge among learners in the Department of Curriculum and Teaching, Faculty of Educational Foundation Studies. To achieve this objective, three research questions were formulated. A literature review was conducted based on the study variables, and a descriptive research design was employed. The target population comprised all students and instructors in the Department of Curriculum and Teaching, University of Calabar, who are involved in French language courses. A purposive sample of 31 respondents, including 25 learners and 6 instructors, was selected. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews, providing rich qualitative insights. Thematic analysis techniques, involving simple percentages, were used to analyze the qualitative data. The results revealed that learners in the Department of Curriculum and Teaching face specific language needs and challenges. Additionally, FSP instruction was found to significantly enhance learners' language proficiency and cultural understanding. The study also indicated that FSP instruction positively influences the perceptions and attitudes of both learners and instructors towards FSP. The findings of this study have important implications for the design and implementation of FSP courses, especially in the context of tertiary education. These insights are valuable for curriculum developers, educators, and policymakers aiming to improve language education and ensure its alignment with professional and academic needs.

A Context-Aligned Two Thousand Test: Toward estimating high-frequency French vocabulary knowledge for beginner-to-low intermediate proficiency adolescent learners in England

Vocabulary knowledge strongly predicts second language reading, listening, writing, and speaking. Yet, few tests have been developed to assess vocabulary knowledge in French. The primary aim of this pilot study was to design and initially validate the Context-Aligned Two Thousand Test (CA-TTT), following open research practices. The CA-TTT is a test of written form–meaning recognition of high-frequency vocabulary aimed at beginner-to-low intermediate learners of French at the end of their fifth year of secondary education. Using an argument-based validation framework, we drew on classical test theory and Rasch modeling, together with correlations with another vocabulary size test and proficiency measures, to assess the CA-TTT’s internal and external validity. Overall, the CA-TTT showed high internal and external validity. Our study highlighted the decisive role of the curriculum in determining vocabulary knowledge in instructed, low-exposure contexts. We discuss how this might contribute to under- or over-estimations of vocabulary size, depending on the relations between the test and curriculum content. Further research using the tool is openly invited, particularly with lower proficiency learners in this context. Following further validation, the test could serve as a tool for assessing high-frequency vocabulary knowledge at beginner-to-low intermediate levels, with due attention paid to alignment with curriculum content.

Body-object interaction ratings for 3600 French nouns.

Body-object interaction (BOI) measures the ease with which the human body can interact with the concept represented by a word. This research focuses on two main objectives: first, to establish French norms for the psycholinguistic variable BOI, and second, to investigate the contribution of BOI to language processing in French. We collected BOI ratings for 3600 French nouns from participants through an online platform. The inter- and intrastudy reliability of these new ratings indicate that the ratings are robust. We then aimed to determine the role of BOI in word recognition. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using lexical decision reaction times (RTs) as the dependent variable. BOI was found to be a significant predictor of lexical decision latencies, beyond the contribution of word length, frequency, orthographic distinctiveness, and imageability. Contrary to previous findings in English, higher BOI values were associated with longer RTs in French, indicating an inhibitory effect of BOI on French word processing. Methodological differences may account for this divergent result. Taken together, the results of this study show the independent contribution of BOI to word recognition in French. This supports the notion that sensorimotor information is a crucial component of language processing. By providing a reliable and sizable BOI database for French nouns, we offer a valuable resource for psycholinguistic and language processing research. This research underscores the complex relationship between language, cognition, and sensorimotor experiences, advancing our comprehension of language processing mechanisms.