French Varieties Research Articles

Effect of Treatment with Humic Acid on Some Growth Characteristics and Protein Content in Different Varieties Vicia faba L. Plant

An experiment was carried out using plastic pots in the 2023-2024 season to evaluate the method of treatment with humic acid in the growth characteristics and protein percentage of different varieties of faba bean plants. The study included two factors, the method of adding humic acid (without acid, spraying acid on the plant, adding acid to the soil). The second factor included four varieties of beans (local Iraqi, Netherland, Spanish, and French). The results showed: superiority of the treatment of adding Humic acid to the soil in terms of plant height, total chlorophyll percentage, number of leaves, and protein percentage by 13.25% and 7.59 mg g-1 wet weight. 6.78% and 8.75%, respectively Compared to the control treatment, the local variety was superior in the characteristics of plant height and number of leaves by 31.72 and 7.26% compared to the French variety, which was superior in the characteristics of number of leaves and protein percentage by 12.27 and 24.0%, respectively. The interaction also outperformed adding acid to the local variety in plant height. By 53.13%, the French variety with added acid exceeded the characteristics of number of leaves and protein percentage by 26.40 and 30.50%, respectively.

Effect of Treatment with Humic Acid on Some Growth Characteristics and Protein Content in Different Varieties Vicia faba L. Plant

An experiment was carried out using plastic pots in the 2023-2024 season to evaluate the method of treatment with humic acid in the growth characteristics and protein percentage of different varieties of faba bean plants. The study included two factors, the method of adding humic acid (without acid, spraying acid on the plant, adding acid to the soil). The second factor included four varieties of beans (local Iraqi, Netherland, Spanish, and French). The results showed: superiority of the treatment of adding Humic acid to the soil in terms of plant height, total chlorophyll percentage, number of leaves, and protein percentage by 13.25% and 7.59 mg g-1 wet weight. 6.78% and 8.75%, respectively Compared to the control treatment, the local variety was superior in the characteristics of plant height and number of leaves by 31.72 and 7.26% compared to the French variety, which was superior in the characteristics of number of leaves and protein percentage by 12.27 and 24.0%, respectively. The interaction also outperformed adding acid to the local variety in plant height. By 53.13%, the French variety with added acid exceeded the characteristics of number of leaves and protein percentage by 26.40 and 30.50%, respectively.

The syntax of African American English borrowings in the Louisiana Creole tense-mood-aspect system

Abstract This paper presents the typologically unusual case of borrowed tense-mood-aspect morphemes. Data are taken from Louisiana Creole, a critically endangered French-lexifier creole. Over the course of its history, Louisiana Creole has been in contact with local varieties of both French and English, including African American English. It will be shown that points of structural congruity between Louisiana Creole and African American English have facilitated the borrowing of two aspect markers for speakers competent in both varieties. African American English stressed BIN has been borrowed and marks remote past habitual, stative, and completive. The adverb still has been borrowed and subsequently has grammaticalized as a continuative marker via spec-to-head reanalysis. These borrowings are integrated into the inflectional domain as functional heads marking aspect. Their ordering constraints are evaluated relative to a previous hierarchy proposed by Rottet. Discussion of contact-induced change in creole languages has typically been confined to examination of interactions with the lexifier, the language which contributes the majority of a creole’s vocabulary (in this case, French). Fewer studies have presented detailed accounts of how creoles behave when in contact with other languages, meaning that this particular contact context remains undertheorized.

A variationist study of /tʊt/ in Michif French

Abstract This research focuses on the dissidence of Michif French, an endangered variety of Laurentian French spoken by a number of Métis in Western Canada. We examine the vernacular use of [tʊt] (tout/tous ‘all, every’) in a corpus of around 50 interviews collected in the Métis community of St. Laurent, Manitoba, in the 1980s. On the one hand, the internal analysis supports the hypothesis that it is related to the other varieties of Laurentian French. On the other hand, the external data reveal that [tʊt] is widely used, confirming the highly vernacular character of Michif French compared to the other varieties. Finally, the analysis of several interview extracts illustrates that the intensive use of vernacular variants acts as an identity marker, enabling speakers to lay claim not only to their culture, but also to a language they consider distinct from that of other French speakers.

The French linguistic varieties of Gypsies and Travellers: an original diastratic variation perspective

Abstract For centuries, France and the French-speaking areas of Belgium and Switzerland have been home to a large minority of Gypsies and Travellers, comprising about 300,000 individuals who all speak a form of French as their native language and form a close-knit sociolinguistic community. Their French sociolect, hitherto never described by linguists, differs from other varieties of French through a wide array of phenomena at all levels of language structure: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexical semantics and morphology. Diachronic and contrastive analysis shows that these features are either (1) non-standard, archaic or regional characteristics now lost in other varieties of European French, but kept by the Travellers as diastratic variants; (2) internal innovations within the diasystem of Traveller French; (3) outcomes of contact with heritage languages of some of these groups (Sinti Romani, Jenisch, and Alemannic and Gallo-Romance dialects). Using predominantly new fieldwork I provide here the first description of this important set of diastratic varieties of French, which represents an outstanding case of linguistic variation in a context of social separation yet with sustained contact.

New sources of agronomic traits of spring barley for the conditions of the southern zone of the Central region of the Russian Federation

The purpose of the research is to study a new assortment of spring barley in the conditions of the Ryazan region (southern zone of the Central region of the Russian Federation) and identify sources of agronomic traits for their further use in hybridization. The observation, study and comparison of 11 new varieties of spring barley (standard – Nadezhny) was carried out in 2020–2022 on a natural infectious background (the soil was dark gray forest heavy loamy). It was found that the highest average yield over the years of the research was in the varieties Znatnyy (Russia) – 6.38 t/ha, Ellinor (Germany) – 6.02 t/ha and Kufal (Belarus) – 5.98 t/ha. There were identified low–growing forms - the German varieties KWS Vermont and Ellinor, the height of which was in the range of 63–67 cm and varied little over the years of the research (CV, % = 3.9...6.0). The lowest protein content in the grain was in the German varieties Ellinor (12.31 %), KWS Harris (12.43 %) and the French variety Rapid (12.69 %). In order to improve the quality of forage, a group of high-protein barley was identified: Pamyati Chepeleva (15.31 %) (Russia), Kufal (14.61 %), Znatnyy (14.10 %). According to the length of the ear, the varieties Bente (8.2 cm) (Germany) and Znatnyy (8.0 cm) stood out. It has been established that the varieties of Pamyati Chepeleva and Laureate (Switzerland) have the highest productive bushiness – 4.0 and 4.4. The largest number of grains in the ear was observed in the Znatnyy variety – 23.4 pcs. All the studied source material had high resistance to phytopathogens and lodging. The new varieties identified in the research process are a valuable source material for the development of new highly competitive varieties of spring barley for the conditions of the Central region of Russia.

Regional pragmatic Variation in French: A contrastive study of complaint realizations in Cameroon and France

This study examined and compared complaints by speakers of French in Cameroon and in France. Although complaints have been extensively analyzed, to date, little attention has been devoted to complaints across regional varieties of French. The aim of this study was to fill this knowledge and research gap by analyzing strategies used by speakers of Cameroon French and Hexagonal French to complain in three situations. The study is at the intersection of variational and postcolonial pragmatics and it is based on data provided by 20 Cameroonian and 19 French university students, who were asked to fill a DCT questionnaire. The results reveal some similarities in both French varieties regarding the use of complex complaint utterances. However, many differences were found with respect to preferences for specific complaint strategies, external modifiers, internal modification devices and address terms.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СОРТОВ СОИ В УСЛОВИЯХ АЛМАТИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

This article presents a comparative study of six Kazakhstan-bred soybean varieties (Victory, Pamyat YGK, Lastochka, Aisaule, Zhansaya, Yelmerey) and 19 foreign varieties (Delta, Slavia, Selecta 301, Vilana, Korsak, Galina, Trijumf, Voyevodzhanka, Sava, Ascacubi, Hilario, Blamcos, Atlantic, Luna, Safrana, Santana, Sponsor, Zen, Dekabig) conducted at an ecological variety testing nursery. Among the Kazakh varieties, Yellmerey, Zhansaya, and Aisaule stood out for their high yields of 49.2 c/ha, 48.5 c/ha, and 47.3 c/ha, respectively. The top-yield foreign varieties were Voyevodzhanka from Serbia with 48.8 c/ha, Sava with 49.0 c/ha, Luna from Italy with 51.8 c/ha, and both Atlantic and Blamcos with 46.0 c/ha each. The French variety Sponsor also achieved a high yield of 51.7 c/ha. The Kazakh variety Aisaule and Italian variety Luna were notable for their high fat content at 21.9% and 22.2%, respectively. Varieties such as Victory and Aisaule from Kazakhstan, along with Delta, Selecta 301, and Vilana from Russia, Korsak from Ukraine-Canada collaboration, and Safrana from France, exhibited high protein content ranging between 38.6% and 40.6%. These outstanding varieties serve as a breeding resource for developing new, high-yield soybean varieties for the southeastern region of Kazakhstan.

Examining language and racial attitudes in an L2 French learning context

ABSTRACT This is a quantitative study on language and racial attitudes among learners of French in the English-dominant context of British Columbia (Canada). Such attitudes matter because they can have an impact on students’ learning outcomes in and outside the classroom and they reflect linguistic and racial ideologies that exist in society. A verbal guise test was used to gather data from 83 participants who were taking intermediate and advanced French courses at the University of British Columbia (UBC) at the time of this study. Five varieties of French (from Montreal, Moncton, Vancouver, Abidjan and Paris) and two races (Asian and White) were included. The objectives were to investigate the effect of accent and race on the participants’ language attitudes. The results revealed a clear preference for European French and Quebec French, but these findings can be challenged by the participants’ difficulty in distinguishing among the different varieties. Interestingly, L2 French was evaluated more positively than the L1 varieties from Moncton and Abidjan – a finding that points to the importance of having exposure to non-standard accents in order to enhance positive attitudes. Finally, the participants also demonstrated a preference for the accents of Asians (compared with Whites) in evaluating spoken French.

Evolution of the French Language System in Ivory Coast

This article examines the current state of the French language in Ivory Coast. The relevance of the study is related to the lack of research on the state of French in Ivory Coast, represented by the following varieties: Ivorian Popular French, Ivorian French and the Nouchi language code. Nouchi, an integral part of Ivory Coast's linguistic system and a crucial factor of Ivorian identity, remains a poorly researched phenomenon today. The aim of the work is to objectively describe the phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic changes that take place in French on the territory of Ivory Coast in a situation of interaction with the autochthonous languages under the influence of extralinguistic factors. The scientific novelty lies in the integrated approach to the study of the French language system in Ivory Coast and the differences between each of the varieties of French and standard French. The research uses general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special methods (descriptive and comparative methods). The analysis of the French language system shows the distinctive features of the French varieties from the standard French on the phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactical levels. Ivorian Popular French is characterised by the greatest influence from the autochthonous languages and numerous features at all levels of the language, caused by the lack of education of its speakers. The continuity and interconnectedness of all the varieties of language examined is highlighted: the oldest variant of Ivorian Popular French became the basis for the formation of modern Ivorian French. Nouchi, on the other hand, combines earlier variants of French with borrowings from the autochthonous and European languages. Ivorian French and Nouchi are now widespread in all social strata and contribute to the issue of Ivorian self-determination.

French and English Texts of the Laws of Oléron: Assessing Proximity between Copies and Editions by Means of Cosine Similarity

The Laws of Oléron are a compilation of regulations concerning sea conduct drawn up in the thirteenth century in French. Copies of the text appeared in varieties of French in England and on the Continent, but it was only in the sixteenth century that the code was translated into English. Multiple issues concerning this English text are still vague. An attempt at settling some of them, such as the relationship between different exemplars and determining their French source text, has been undertaken in two recent studies. This article tries to verify whether the conclusions reached there can be corroborated with the use of mathematical methods of analysis, and to measure the correlations between the extant copies of the English translation and a group of French texts named by different researchers as the source texts for the rendition. The analysis is conducted by means of text similarity measurements using cosine similarity.

Le traducteur face à la variation : quelques problèmes théoriques et méthodologiques

The Translator and Variation: Some theoretical and methodological problems
 Novels whose writing language is strongly influenced by the belonging society of the author have inspired many theoretical and methodological works in translation studies. This contribution is part of these works. It starts from considerations on translation and presents some characteristics of the African (sub-Saharan) literary texts before identifying, from a corpus of seven novels, some traps that the translator will face, which may be linked to the aesthetic orientations of the novelists. Most often, they find themselves in a situation of explicit or implicit translation when they are inspired, for example, by oral literature. Thus, they insert into their texts elements belonging to socio-culture and endogenous varieties of French using two techniques: transposition and transfer. Transposition is the integration, in the text, of a borrowing or a previously translated word. Transfer, on the other hand, consists of incorporating borrowings and neologisms as they are used in a specific context. It sometimes happens that, for certain words, equivalents appear in the text or in footnotes. It would be an illusion to believe that the translator's task is lightened when the author has done the work of a "lexicographer". If the interpretative theory seems appropriate for the translation of said texts, it may happen, despite the extralinguistic competence of the translator (knowledge of the social, cultural, and situational context relevant to the utterance), that the quest for the genesis of meaning requires a considerable investment and that the reexpression of the author's meaning proves difficult, if not impossible. The cooperative approach could therefore be preferred. The solution may be, for the sociolinguistic or sociocultural specialist from which culture the text to be translated originates, who is working on behalf of a translation team, to decode the terms that cannot be reexpressed in the target language, maintained as they are and explained.

World’s genetic resources of the VIR flax collection in the creation of Tomsk selection varieties

The results of the study of 30 flax samples of different ecological and geographical origin from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) are presented. The varieties of the Russian selection 14, Chinese 6, Ukrainian 5, French 4, Belarusian 1 have been investigated. The influence of genotypes and weather conditions on the manifestation of economic traits by multivariate analysis of variance has been established. Field studies were conducted in the sub taiga zone of the Tomsk region in 2015-2017. Natural and climatic conditions met the requirements for the cultivation of fiber flax. By total and technical stem length the best varieties of the Chinese selection Heiya 4 (K-8485), Sxy 7 (K-8689), the Russian hybrid Tomsk 16 * Success (K-8544), the French variety Drakkar (K-8493), the Ukrainian Glazur (K-8695), 66-72 and 60-66 cm respectively, were significantly higher than the standard Tomsk 16. According to the fiber content in the technical part of the stems (38-40%) the following varieties were the leaders: the Russian selection P-3989 (K-8672), A-236 (K-8692), M-249 (K-8693), the French selection Alizee (K-8494), Agatha (K-8492), Melina (K-8495), and the Ukrainian selection Vruchy (K-8694), were significantly above the Tomsk 16 standard. By the fiber mass (91-104 mg) the French varieties Drakkar (K-8493) and Alizee (K-8494), the Ukrainian varieties Vruchii (K-8694) and Glazur (K8695), the Russian varieties A-236 (K-8692) and M-249 (K-8693) reliably exceeded the Tomsk 16 standard by 6-44 mg. The flax varieties of the Russian selection P-3989 (K-8672), Dobrynya (K8504), A-236 (K-8692), the Chinese Heiya 4 (K-8485), Heiya 13 (K-8486), Tyy 13 (K-8687), the French Agatha (K-8492), Drakkar (K-8493), Alizee (K-8494), Melina (K-8495), and the Ukrainian Gladiator (K-8505) and Vruchiy (K-8694) were recognized as promising and were included in the breeding process as male seed parents. The resulting hybrid material has been on trial in the selection nursery from 2017 and the second year of breeding from 2021.

The Hierarchization of French Varieties in an English-Dominant Context of Canada

The following study focuses on learners of French in an English-dominant context and contributes to a better understanding of language hierarchization by investigating attitudes toward different varieties of French. It aims to identify a possible correlation between the evaluation of different varieties of French and the participants’ socio-demographic and linguistic backgrounds and examines how learners of French express their preferences regarding French varieties. One hundred and fifty-six learners of French participated in the online experiment, 17 of whom participated in a follow-up interview. The quantitative analyses of the online experiment revealed that participants who lived in more than one country gave higher scores to all accents, and that participants who had studied French longer tended to hold more favourable attitudes toward European French. The qualitative analysis of the follow-up interviews indicate that participants expressed a preference for learning and speaking European French compared to other varieties. These results point to the importance of exposing French learners to as many varieties, both local and international, as possible.

Keith Reader (1945–2022)

The death of Keith Reader in July 2022 is a sad loss for French studies in the UK. Keith was a wonderfully rich and insightful scholar who contributed prolifically to the discipline across an astonishingly diverse range of subjects. He was exceptionally erudite; even more importantly, he was an intellectual in every sense of the word, although he would have been quick to deprecate the application of the term to himself. Keith was himself possessed of an acutely probing mind; moreover, he was keenly convinced both of the value of intellectual enquiry in itself and the importance of the broader social contribution it can make. Born in Tunbridge Wells, Keith grew up in Crawley before going to Cambridge in 1964 to study for a BA in French. However, it was an experience there outside the halls of academia that proved a real watershed in his life. The syllabus that awaited him at university was wholly devoted to language and literature, in line with most modern languages programmes at the time; while he found it somewhat narrow and dreary, albeit less for its content than for how it was taught, the discovery of film in the three independent cinemas then existing in Cambridge was to prove the beginning of a passion that would last throughout his life. That early hunger that drove him to supplement his studies with a field manifestly of relevance to his chosen academic discipline, although with little institutional recognition (let alone legitimation) of the connections between them, found a parallel in his next experience as a student, when he enthusiastically embraced whatever little—mainly anglophone—theory was on offer in the context of the graduate course in General and Comparative Literature in which he enrolled at Oxford. That enthusiasm heralded the determination with which he used the years he spent as a lecteur in Caen and then in Paris to engage with the French variety of theory, becoming one of the very first UK scholars to explore the world peopled by Barthes, Lacan, Foucault, Derrida, and Althusser, this last still a very visible presence in the École normale supérieure during Keith’s period there.

Oenological potential of local and new selection grape varieties

Currently, in the Republic of Moldova the assortment of red wine grape varieties is dominated by the classic French varieties. In recent decades, however, there has been a growing interest in red wines produced from local varieties. This research shows the oenological potential of the local red wine grape varieties Negru de Causeni and Copceac and the new selection variety Codrinschii, while the local grape variety Feteasca Neagra was selected as a control one. The dynamics of the maceration-fermentation process and the accumulation of the phenolic complex and the oenological potential of the produced dry red wines were studied. Physical-chemical indices of the experimental red wines were identified, including organic acids, phenolic complex, and monomeric anthocyanins content. The research allowed to establish the prospect of producing dry red wines rich in phenolic and coloring substances from Copceac and Codrinschii grape varieties.

French on Shifting Ground: Cultural and Coastal Erosion in South Louisiana by Nathalie Dajko

Reviewed by: French on Shifting Ground: Cultural and Coastal Erosion in South Louisiana by Nathalie Dajko Carole Salmon Dajko, Nathalie. French on Shifting Ground: Cultural and Coastal Erosion in South Louisiana. UP of Mississippi, 2020. ISBN 978-1-4968-3093-7. Pp. xviii +184. Sociolinguists specializing in Louisiana French have long established its steady decline since the beginning of the twentieth century, despite cultural revival movements and linguistic preservation efforts that started after World War II. Simultaneously, during all those decades, geographers have been monitoring the erosion of coastal marshes in the Gulf of Mexico, which constitute the southern border of the Pelican State and the base of what is called the Acadiana triangle. As Dajko explains, causes leading to such land erosion are numerous and complex, but she aims at exploring “the theoretical construct of place and the role that language [...] plays in its construction” (12). This region is composed of twenty-two parishes and her study focuses on two in particular: Lafourche and Terre- bonne, where French-speaking Cajuns historically settled and where their culture and identity are still vibrant, even if their language is shifting to English. Moreover, other varieties of French and Creole can be found, and Dajko offers a detailed inventory of those varieties in southern Louisiana. About a hundred years ago, the future of French started to be threatened when in 1921, a change to the State’s constitution made English the mandatory language of schooling. Even though some researchers, such as Michael Picone (1997), have previously linked language and land, Dajko’s extensive study specifically explores the loss of the language (here, French) with the loss of the place (here, coastal marshes). Since pieces of land the size of a football field are disappearing in the Gulf at a rapid pace, the correlation between land erosion and language loss in French-speaking communities in coastal southern Louisiana is evident—and frightening. Dajko’s fieldwork is composed of around 250 interviews with local French speakers, collected between 2006 and 2008 in Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes. The volume provides extensive descriptions of the demographic history as well as economic factors in the area being studied, which helps the reader understand how important these communities’ connection to their land has been—but also how, ironically, some of their activities have contributed to land erosion, especially the cutting of canals for the oil industry. By reading this volume, one can fully understand the connections between land, language, and what Dajko calls— referring to her participants’ answers—“bayou identity.” The author shares her results from surveys in perceptual linguistics, such as verbal guise tests, cultural domain tests, and maps drawings, which allowed her to measure language ideology features and identity perception among her Lafourche and Terrebonne participants. She also offers a linguistic landscape study of bayou Point(e) au(x) chêne(s)—or for some, Point(e) au(x) chien(s), those two toponymic variants underlying various identities among this place. Dajko’s study clearly establishes that when it [End Page 230] comes to their own identity perception, French-speaking participants consider that belonging to a place (bayou identity) is more important than ethnic belonging. French in Terrebonne-Lafourche is enregistered (linguistic features have become associated with social features, 127) because of language death, therefore confirming the place-based identity of those French-speaking communities. [End Page 231] Carole Salmon Furman University (SC) Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene and their associations with body weight and growth rate traits in indigenous guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) of northern Ghana

Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) plays important roles in stimulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration culminating its effects as a modulator of juvenile growth in animals. Although the gene that codes for IGF2 (IGF2) has been investigated as a candidate gene in several livestock species, there is no information on polymorphisms in IGF2 in guinea fowls (gIGF2), an important indigenous poultry species from West Africa. Therefore, this study sought to identify the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in three populations of indigenous guinea fowls in northern Ghana. Target genomic regions in gIGF2 were amplified and sequenced from 84 indigenous guinea fowls from Upper East Region (n = 17), former Northern Region (n = 22) and Upper West Region (n = 45) of Ghana together with domesticated French variety (n = 3). The sequences were aligned with the reference genomic sequence (domesticated French variety) of chromosome 6 (GenBank accession no., NC_034414.1) to identify SNPs. Statistical associations among the genotypes arising from the SNPs and juvenile growth traits were estimated using linear models. Two novel SNPs were identified in gIGF2 among the indigenous guinea fowls. An insertion of a Guanine (G) within a poly G motif of the intron following the third exon at the 13,955,730 bp location was identified in the majority (84.5%) of indigenous guinea fowls, while the wild type allele was observed in the minority of indigenous guinea fowls and in the domesticated French variety sampled. Also, a biallelic transition arising from the substitution of G by Adenine (A) at position 13,956,496 bp (13,956,496 G > A) located on the fourth exon, which codes for most of the extension peptide of prepro IGF2, was observed in the minority (11.9%) of indigenous guinea fowls. No significant associations among the genotypes arising from the two SNPs, with body weights and weekly growth rates, were identified.

When French becomes Canadian French

Abstract In late 2020, the free online translation tool Microsoft Translator began to offer the option of translating into “French (Canada)” as a target language, alongside the previously offered “French”. Using a list of ten COVID-19 terms previously identified by Bowker (2020) as having different equivalents in Canadian French and European French, we evaluate the ability of Microsoft Translator to localize these terms into the two varieties of French. The findings indicate that while this tool does a good job of localizing the terms into Canadian French, it also uses a high number of Canadian French terms when the target language is set to “French”. One potential reason for this may be that the corpus used to train the tool for “French” contains a disproportionate number of examples from Canadian sources, and so there may be a problem of bias where the tool is amplifying Canadian French in the machine translation output.

The French Press in Wartime London, 1940–4: From the Politics of Exile to Inter-Allied Relations

This article examines the history of the French press that was based in London during the Second World War, focusing on its contribution to political debates of and about French exile, its relationship to the British government and its role in shaping inter-Allied relations. The article begins by outlining the development of British policy towards the foreign press based in London before examining three publications: the left-leaning daily France, the Gaullist weekly La Marseillaise and the monthly cultural and political periodical La France libre. By drawing on the contents of these papers alongside a variety of French, British and American archival material, the article shows that while the French press in London had a limited readership, it exercised significant influence among political elites either side of the Atlantic during the war and helped shape the terms of French debates over the meaning of Gaullism well into the post-Second World War period.