French Journals Research Articles

Pour quel impact œuvrent les revues académiques ?

En tant que parties prenantes aux communs de la connaissance, les revues académiques mettent en place des règles de production du savoir qui vont délimiter l’usage des connaissances, et donc leur impact. L’objectif de cet article1 est triple : explorer la vision qu’ont les revues de l’usage des connaissances qu’elles contribuent à produire, mettre en évidence les tensions éventuelles qu’elles rencontrent pour donner corps à cette vision de l’impact, et décrire les réponses apportées pour y remédier. Après avoir présenté les résultats d’une étude exploratoire exhaustive auprès des rédacteurs en chef de 15 revues francophones de la catégorie gestion du classement Fnege, les auteurs reviennent sur les apports théoriques et managériaux et proposent des pistes de recherche.

REVIEWof the article “A European Defense: Europe will have to defend itself” by Professor (h.c.) Olivier VÉDRINE, French journalist and political scientist

REVIEWof the article “A European Defense: Europe will have to defend itself” by Professor (h.c.) Olivier VÉDRINE, French journalist and political scientist

Finding Purpose in the Photographs of Others: Ransom Riggs and Isabelle Monnin

In Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children (2011) and Les Gens dans l’enveloppe (2015) respectively, American writer Ransom Riggs and French journalist and writer Isabelle Monnin illustrate Barthes’s statement that photographs only attest to what has been. Both became “haunted” enough by pictures of others that they felt the need to give them a context. This article examines how both writers – albeit differently – integrated photographs in a dynamic photo-textual project that requires the reader-spectator’s active participation in the creation of meaning. In addition to being more complex, we will see how Monnin’s project’s transpersonal nature calls for a psychogenealogical reading.

Voices of observation and styles of representation in nineteenth-century sociographic journalism

ABSTRACT This paper explores the ethnographic qualities of nineteenth-century sociographic journalism. It examines texts published in English, French, and Spanish journals, magazines, and serials, which deal with social behaviours, types, and institutions of the modernizing societies. By focusing on the representational techniques with which these ‘social sketches’ approach the social world and the ways the authors reflect on ethnographic authority and representation, this paper aims at situating early journalism among the founding genres of ethnography and social study.

Is There Space for “Real Space” in British Civilisation Studies?

This paper starts from two premises. First, interdisciplinary studies are those in which researchers draw on several academic disciplines with different research paradigms in such a way that they are faced with the challenge of crossing subject boundaries in order to create new knowledge and theory. Second, a “spatial turn” has been identified across the field of humanities and social sciences. Based on these premises, British civilisation studies - as an interdisciplinary domain - can be expected to have undergone a spatial turn and to have engaged with the paradigms of human geography on space. Using a sample of articles published in previous issues of the French Journal of British Studies, this article points to the socio-spatial dialectic of British civilisation studies in France. It then goes on to examine the terms on which research in British civilisation studies has engaged with human geography over the last 20 years. It is argued that alongside a spatial turn, the cultural turn in both human geography and British civilisation studies has played an important role in framing how researchers have addressed the dialectical relationship between space and society. One consequence of this has been that - rather than viewing space as a structure created by society - researchers all too frequently merely represent space as a context for society. In the conclusions it is argued that British civilisation studies’ long standing concern with the dynamic processes of social, economic and political relations may lead researchers to address space in relation to these processes and – in turn - to develop a geographical imagination.

The French Journalist René Marchand: Some Facts about “Soviet Russia’s Friend”

This article is devoted to the life, political views and activities of Le Figaro correspondent Rene Marchand (1888-1962). Marchand became widely known in Soviet Russia thanks to his open letter to French President Raymond Poincare in 1918, which criticized the republic’s policy vis-a-vis Moscow as well as acts of sabotage by the Allies. The missive became an important episode in the confrontation between the Entente’s special services and the young Bolshevik regime. French and Russian historians tend to argue that the French journalist’s sympathies turned to socialism and Bolshevism in 1918. However, they generally pay little attention the French Left in Soviet Russia. Based on research in French diplomatic and military archives at Courneuve and Vincennes, respectively, the author concludes that Rene Marchand was a multi-faceted individual and the nature of his sympathies to the Bolsheviks remains questionable

Parnassian Cosmopolitanism: Transnationalism and Poetic Form

Parnassian Cosmopolitanism:Transnationalism and Poetic Form Marion Thain (bio) When, in the 1870s and 1880s, the fashion for medieval French verse forms in English poetry resulted in an influx of villanelles, rondeaux, triolets, and other fixed forms, there was often great suspicion among commentators about these immigrant arrivals. Indeed, the lack of attention in more recent years to this prominent moment in Victorian poetic history suggests a continued sense of it as a strange excrescence. There has been some study of the individual writers who contributed (centrally or peripherally) to the vogue,1 but in general those constructing broader narratives of nineteenth-century English poetry dismiss it as a prosodic workshop or ignore it altogether. It would be safe to say it has not generally been considered relevant to the story of the modernization of poetry. Yet, if we are interested in literary history, is it not the numerous embarrassing poems that most require our attention, and are potentially the more revealing of English culture, than the few canonical works that transcend their own time and place? The Parnassian vogue was a larger and more prominent feature within British poetry than is usually acknowledged, and should be visible within our literary histories.2 This essay is particularly interested in the vogue as a case study in cosmopolitan poetics.3 What kind of transnational politics and aesthetics were played out in that fashion for French "Parnassian" poetic forms in English poetry of the 1870s and 1880s? The "big" poems of Europe in Victorian literature have received welcome scholarly attention in recent years,4 but what about the small, minor, and sometimes tiny, poems of Europe? English Parnassianism sits at a juncture between scholarship on Victorian cosmopolitan poetics and the newly burgeoning field of scholarship on fin-de-siècle cosmopolitan poetics.5 Lost to some extent between both fields, it is nonetheless a landmark in the history of Victorian poetry's attempt to reach beyond national boundaries to remake itself. Ultimately, I argue that this cosmopolitan poetics brings a tangible politics into the heart of this "art for art's sake" experiment with form. [End Page 463] The name of the vogue is a reference to the nineteenth-century French journal, Le Parnasse contemporain, issued in the 1860s and 1870s, which inspired the English revival. Indeed, many English Parnassian poems were translations of works by the writers published in the journal, which notably included Charles Leconte de Lisle, Théodore de Banville, Sully Prudhomme, Stéphane Mallarmé, and Paul Verlaine. The profile of the English Parnassian movement has been outlined by others, so I will not repeat that narrative here, although I will introduce something of the poetic context.6 The 1860s and 1870s saw a battle over form between the traditional and tired, but established, forms of English verse and the need for a new formal energy. The new formal energy came in various guises, but it must be recognized that the revival of Parnassian forms was in this sense a modernizing impulse at this time, as much as was Hopkins's sprung rhythm, and Swinburne's return to sapphic meters. It is not uncommon to read poems such as John Payne's "Ballade" (included in William Davenport Adams's 1878 selection of Parnassian verse and also in Gleeson White's 1887 Parnassian anthology), which asks precisely why poets are turning to poetic forms of the past and replies that it is because "our task is yet undone." Some quotation from this poem will serve to give a flavor of poetry characteristic of the vogue. Stanza 1 begins: What do we here who, with reverted eyes, Turn back our longing from the modern airTo the dim gold of long-evanished skies, When other songs in other mouths were fair?7 Stanza 3 elaborates: Songs have we sung, and many melodies Have from our lips had issue rich and rare;But never yet the conquering chant did rise, That should ascend the very heaven's stair, To rescue life from anguish and despair.Often and again, drunk with delight of lays, "Lo!" have we cried, "this is the golden oneThat shall deliver us!"—Alas! Hope's raysDie in...

Modern Education in the Arabian Peninsula: Social Dynamics and Political Issues

While the contemporary history of the Arabian Peninsula, which has long been the poor cousin of general works on the Middle East, has aroused new interest in the past few years, this has not been the case for the history of education. The recent issue of the French journal Histoire de l’Education, devoted to the Middle East from the end of the 19th century to the present day, was no exception. It essentially offered a renewed reading of new aspects of education in Egypt and Lebanon, the two m...

‘The rot that remains’: aphasia and France's multiple temporalities of race and colonialism

In its 28 December 2017 editorial entitled ‘France Fails to Face Up to Racism’, the New York Times decried the recent ousting of Rokhaya Diallo, a French journalist, from a government advisory coun...

Periodistas infiltrados en las redes sociales. Estudio de caso: Anna Erelle, en las entrañas del terrorismo virtual

El auge de Internet en las dos últimas décadas ha tenido su impacto en el ejercicio de la profesión periodística. En lo que respecta al periodismo de investigación, las redes sociales han comenzado a proporcionar un nuevo escenario para la infiltración con fines informativos, tanto las inmersiones parciales, que favorecen la toma de contacto del periodista con grupos de riesgo, como las infiltraciones desarrolladas de manera íntegra en la red. El caso más sintomático ha sido el de la periodista francesa Anna Erelle, que recurrió a la infiltración con un perfil falso en las redes sociales para contactar con terroristas radicales islámicos. Su experiencia de inmersión se desarrolla completamente en línea y consigue hacer creer al yihadista Abu Bilel que se iba a casar con él para extraer información sobre IS y la captación de jóvenes para la yihad en las redes. A Erelle le asaltaron las dudas éticas sobre el método utilizado pero la fragrante actividad delictiva del grupo disipó sus planteamientos. El debate ético que siempre ha acompañado a la infiltración como método de investigación periodística se intensifica en las redes, por su facilidad de acceso, más versátil de la red, y su estructura descentralizada.

Hvad er oplysning?

”What is enlightenment” was originally a lecture Foucault gave at the Collège de France on January 5, 1983. It was published for the first time in The Foucault Reader (1984) and subsequently in the French journal Magazine litteraire in May 1984. Immanuel Kant’s question ”What is enlightenment?” was something that interested Foucault deeply in the last years of his life. Supposedly, he also suggested a smaller conference to discuss the question 200 years after Kant for the first time had tried to answer it in 1784 but the conference never materialized. In this article Foucault reflects on the human being and its relationship to itself as a historical being and how Kant’s text about enlightenment is a question of the present. Enlightenment is to Kant the moment when humanity puts its own reason to use without subjecting itself to authority and to Foucault, Kant’s characterization is an outline of the attitude of modernity and modern philosophy as a way of answering the question: what is enlightenment? To Foucault, this becomes a question of enlightenment and modernity as a permanent critique of the present and of our historical era. This philosophical stance represents a certain attitude, an ethos, where the critique of what we are is at the same time a historical analysis of the limits which are imposed on us and an experiment with the possibility of transgressing them.

Remade in France: Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French by Valérie Saugera

Reviewed by: Remade in France: Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French by Valérie Saugera Michael D. Picone Saugera, Valérie. Remade in France: Anglicisms in the Lexicon and Morphology of French. Oxford UP, 2017. ISBN 9780190625542. Pp. xv + 205. Based on its frequent appearance on products in France—and, figuratively, in French media and advertising—the international Anglicism made in, conjoined with USA / France / Europe / Moscou / space / tricot ad infinitum, lends itself to an apt riff for a book title prefiguring two of the unifying themes of this study. First, the profusion of uninflected Anglicisms in French (citing journalistic examples culled from an exhaustive online search of all issues of the neologically-friendly daily Libération in 2010) does not announce the impending collapse of the integrity of the French morphological system—contrary opinions of some pundits notwithstanding—but rather corresponds to a well-circumscribed subsystem consistent with French usage. Secondly, though increasingly profuse, most journalistic Anglicisms, whether words or phrases, are actually fleeting devices for purposes of local-color allusions, style, stance, or humor, usually time-sensitive, leaving only a very small minority destined to have any permanence. Those that do will inevitably take on a life of their own in French due to differing sociocultural context and creative departures. Serving as a poster-Anglicism is people (117–20, 140, 168–69). A probable reduction of English the beautiful people, the now frequent people, sometimes graphologically assimilated (pipeule, pipole), has filled an available lexical slot in French to indicate celebrities of notoriety in the heavily mediatized world of entertainment gossip. Unlike English, French people can be used not only as a cumulative or plural reference but also to designate one individual, and lends itself to improvised derivations (pipeulaire, peoplisation, peoplelisé). Though a noun, it can be recruited to function adjectivally (la presse people). This last example, [End Page 205] however, points to a growing phenomenon of considerable import that has not been developed by Saugera and that compromises somewhat the assurances that English is having no lasting morphosyntactic impact on French. It can be demonstrated that such [noun + noun] constructions, incorporating an ellipsis of the representation of subordination joining the two nouns, have been given a boost, in part, by virtue of contact with English (Anglicisms, Neologisms and Dynamic French, Picone, 1996). This one lacuna notwithstanding, Saugera reasons insightfully to decode the behavior of Anglicisms. Indeed, in a globalized environment thick with Anglicisms, some knowledge of their use is now essential for any educated consumer of French culture, and this is one of the reasons that this book can be recommended to a wide spectrum of readers, both professionals and casual observers, interested in the contemporary profile and future trajectory of the French lexicon. At the same time, Saugera has presented hard data to demonstrate that French journalists are adept at using Anglicisms to advantage without undermining the morphological integrity of the language. Any language must either totally isolate itself or else successfully adapt to its changing environment in order to survive. The former is now virtually impossible, particularly for a global language like French; the latter is the only viable way forward, and Saugera has provided compelling evidence that journalistic handlers of French have successfully embarked upon it. Michael D. Picone University of Alabama Copyright © 2018 American Association of Teachers of French

Jean Grave and French Anarchism: A Relational Approach (1870s–1914)

AbstractThis article proposes a biographical approach to the study of anarchist activism, applied to the French journalist, editor, theorist, novelist, educator, and campaigner Jean Grave, one of the most influential figures in the French and international anarchist movement between the late 1870s and World War I. Adopting a relational approach delineating Grave’s formal and informal connections, it focuses on the role of print in Grave’s activism, through the three papers he edited between 1883 and 1914, and highlights his transnational connections and links with progressive circles in France. Due to the central place of both Grave and his publications in the French anarchist movement, this biographical and relational approach provides a basis to reassess the functioning and key strategic orientations of French anarchist communism during its “heroic period” (1870s–1914), by stressing its transnational ramifications and links beyond the anarchist movement.

Utopia as a Tool for Change: A Review of Publications on Utopia in France (2016 and the First Semester of 2017)

Utopia as a Tool for Change: A Review of Publications on Utopia in France (2016 and the First Semester of 2017)

On the Impossibility that J M Keynes Ever Collaborated with R. Kahn, J. Robinson, or A. Robinson When He Wrote the General Theory in 1936

In 1948, J. Robinson published an article in the French journal Economie Appliquee in which she claimed that the General Theory was a work of collaboration. Marcuzzo (2002) claims that R. Kahn was a collaborator with Keynes in writing the General Theory. The post General Theory work of J. Robinson and R. Kahn offers overwhelming evidence that they not only did not collaborate with Keynes in the writing of the General Theory, but that they had no idea whatsoever about what Keynes was doing theoretically when he wrote the General Theory. The foundation of the General Theory is Keynes’s IS-LP(LM) model of the rate of interest incorporating Liquidity Preference Keynes’s model is developed in chapters 10 and 13-15 of the General Theory. Keynes summarized this model in great detail in chapter 21 in section IV of the General Theory. Keynes integrated uncertainty and/or confidence into the IS-LP(LM) model of the rate of interest as a shift parameter. His IS-LP(LM) model was a formal, simultaneous, four equation, mathematical model that Keynes supported with three pages of formal mathematical elasticity analysis in chapter 21 on pp.304-306. The Kahn-Robinson’s constant claim was that there was no IS-LP(LM) model in the General Theory because Keynes was an anti formalist, Marshallian whose views on uncertainty made any type of mathematical model building in economics impossible because of the organic nature of society. This view, in fact, directly and seriously conflicts with Keynes’s General Theory.

How journalists use social media in France and the United States: Analyzing technology use across journalistic fields

This article examines journalists’ use of social media in France and the United States. Through in-depth interviews, we show that shared practical sensibilities lead journalists in both countries to use social media to accomplish routine tasks (e.g. gather information, monitor sources, and develop story ideas). At the same time, we argue that the incorporation of social media into daily practice also creates opportunities for journalists to garner peer recognition and that these opportunities vary according to the distinctive national fields in which journalists are embedded. Where American journalism incentivizes individual journalists to orient social media use toward audiences, French journalism motivates news organizations to use social media for these purposes, while leaving individual journalists to focus primarily on engaging with their peers. We position these findings in relation to debates on the uses of technologies across national settings.

Centenary of the Birth of Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer, Founder of the Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine in Macedonia.

Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer was born a hundred years ago on December 24, 1916 in Sofia. He completed the primary and secondary education at the German College in Sofia. In 1935 he began his studies at the Medical Faculty in Vienna, which he had to stop because of the annexation of Austria to Germany in 1938. He returned to Bulgaria where he continued his studies and graduated from the Medical Faculty in Sofia in 1941. During the War, 1941-1944, he was forcedly mobilized and he worked as a doctor in several villages. He was twice interned in camps in Bulgaria. In 1944 he joined the National Liberation Army and the Partisan Groups of Yugoslavia. After the liberation in 1945 he started specialization in internal medicine at the famous clinic of Prof. Chilov in Sofia. In 1946 he applied to the call by the Yugoslav government to the doctors in Bulgaria to come in aid of temporary work in our country. On the advice of the current Federal Minister of Public Health Dr. Dimitar Nestorov, Dr. Tadzer came to Skopje and was assigned to work in the Country hospital. He started specialization in internal medicine at the famous professor Ignjatovski, he established a family and decided to stay in Skopje. In 1949 Prof. Tadzer ended his specialization and he was elected an Assistant at the Department of Internal Medicine. In 1951 he left the Internal Clinic and he was elected an Assistant, and in 1952 he was elected a Docent in the subject of Pathological Physiology. In 1959 he was elected, and in 1964 he was re-elected as an Associate Professor, and in 1967 he was elected a Professor of pathophysiology at the Medical Faculty in Skopje. In the period from 1952 to 1978 he was Head of the Department and Director of the Institute of Pathophysiology. He was elected a Corresponding Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1969, and a Full Member in 1974. In the period from 1984 to 1988 he was a Secretary of the Department of Medicine and Biology of the Academy. Prof. Tadzer has published over 300 scientific papers in the field of clinical medicine and pathological physiology, of which about 200 in journals in English, French, German and Serbo-Croatian, as well as 15 books, which include him among the most prolific pathophysiologists on the territory of former Yugoslavia and beyond. In the period from 1950 to 1966 several times he was on a vocational training in similar institutions and centers in Europe, and in 1972 he was on a study stay at many nuclear and medical laboratories in the USA. In addition to his great research activities his contribution as a teacher was of substantial influence and importance to the faculty. He was one of the greatest lectures at the Medical Faculty, the Faculty of Stomatology and the Pharmaceutical Faculty. Prof. Tadzer co-authored in most of the textbooks on pathophysiology for students of medicine, stomatology and pharmacy. He was an extraordinary physician, one of the pillars of the Macedonian medicine, he possessed universal, encyclopedic knowledge and is one of the most renowned medical workers in the second half of the 20th century in Macedonia. In addition to the scientific, medical and educational work Prof. Tadzer has especially rich social activity. He was President of the Faculty Council in 1975-76, he was Vice Dean of the Medical Faculty in 1958-60, Dean of the Faculty from 1963 to 1965, Dean of the Pharmaceutical Faculty and Vice Rector of the University from 1965 to 1967. Especially it should be noted his long-lasting activity at the Macedonian Medical Association of more than 50 years. Also, significant is his creative work within the Editorial board of the journal "Macedonian Medical Review", where for more than 15 years he was Editor in Chief or member of the Editorial board. For his complete activity Prof. Tadzer has won numerous diplomas, plaques and awards, and among them the following are emphasized: National Award of October 11, Order of Labor of Second Degree, the Award of the City of Skopje - November 13, the Charter of Dr. Trifun Panovski and the Certificate of Acknowledgement awarded by the Macedonian Medical Association for the outstanding results in advancing the medical science, practice and development of the health care and the long-term contribution and promotion of the MMA.

Interdisciplinarity in French Social Sciences Scientific Journals

ABSTRACT Taking France as its example, the following article examines the relations between the disciplines of social sciences discovered during the arduous task of classifying French social sciences journals according to more specific disciplines (sociology, political science and anthropology, etc.). Based on a study of the journals’ own methods of self-labeling and the methods used to classify these journals by a French assessment body (AERES), as well as the forming of journal executive committees, the article highlights the fact that the journals frequently cover a range of disciplines, without this implying the disappearance of disciplinary structures. In fact, the article instead reveals that the connections made by the journals between the various disciplines of social sciences are unlikely and disproportionately represented.

J for Jordan

A case study on the early publications of Jordan in the 1860s sheds a new light on an important form of circulation of mathematics between France and Italy through a specific connection between newly founded specialized mathematical journals, such as the Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata, and much older organisations of mathematics, such as the Academie des sciences de Paris. Academic prizes especially provided a way to plan mathematical research, and therefore its circulation through future publications. This circulation involved subtle national issues between French and foreign mathematical journals.

Primer of French Journalism

Written in 1809 in response to Napoleon's war propaganda and published posthumously, Heinrich von Kleist's satirical “Primer of French Journalism” ( Lehrbuch der französischen Journalistik) appropriates the form of the instruction manual to expose the process by which fake news is manufactured and disseminated in the media.