French Intensive Care Society Research Articles

Oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: guidelines from the SRLF-SFMU consensus conference

IntroductionAlthough largely used, the place of oxygen therapy and its devices in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF) deserves to be clarified. The French Intensive Care Society (Société de Réanimation de Langue Française, SRLF) and the French Emergency Medicine Society (Société Française de Médecine d’Urgence, SFMU) organized a consensus conference on oxygen therapy in ARF (excluding acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive diseases) in December 2023.MethodsA committee without any conflict of interest (CoI) with the subject defined 7 generic questions and drew up a list of sub questions according to the population, intervention, comparison and outcomes (PICO) model. An independent work group reviewed the literature using predefined keywords. The quality of the data was assessed using the GRADE methodology. Fifteen experts in the field from both societies proposed their own answers in a public session and answered questions from the jury (a panel of 16 critical-care and emergency medicine physicians, nurses and physiotherapists without any CoI) and the public. The jury then met alone for 48 h to write its recommendations.ResultsThe jury provided 22 statements answering 11 questions: in patients with ARF (1) What are the criteria for initiating oxygen therapy? (2) What are the targets of oxygen saturation? (3) What is the role of blood gas analysis? (4) When should an arterial catheter be inserted? (5) Should standard oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) be preferred? (6) What are the indications for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)? (7) What are the indications for invasive mechanical ventilation? (8) Should awake prone position be used? (9) What is the role of physiotherapy? (10) Which criteria necessarily lead to ICU admission? (11) Which oxygenation device should be preferred for patients for whom a do-not-intubate decision has been made?ConclusionThese recommendations should optimize the use of oxygen during ARF.

Hypothermia for expanded criteria organ donors in kidney transplantation in France (HYPOREME): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Expanded criteria donors help to increase graft availability, but provide organs with an increased risk of delayed graft function. We aimed to investigate whether donor hypothermia decreases the risk of delayed graft function compared with normothermia. We did this multicentre, randomised, controlled, parallel-arm trial at 53 intensive care units and transplant centres in France. We included expanded criteria donors in whom death was diagnosed based on neurological criteria, in compliance with French law, and the recipients of their kidney grafts. Eligible expanded criteria donors were older than 60 years or were aged 50-59 years and had at least two other risk factors (history of hypertension, creatinine >132 μmol/L, or cerebrovascular cause of death). Donors were randomly assigned to hypothermia (34-35°C) or normothermia (36·5-37·5°C). Machine perfusion was used routinely. Randomisation was done using a computer-generated, interactive, web-response system, in permuted blocks (block size six), stratified by centre. Outcome assessors were masked; investigator masking was not feasible. The primary outcome was the proportion of kidney recipients with delayed graft function, defined as renal replacement therapy within 7 days after transplantation, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population, which included all recipients who received at least one kidney from an expanded criteria donor, with the exception of those under guardianship. Secondary outcomes in expanded criteria donors were the number of organs recovered and transplanted, kidney function, body temperature, total volume of fluids administered, blood pressure and need for vasopressors and inotropes, and adverse events (cardiovascular events, metabolic disturbances, and coagulation disorders). Secondary outcomes in kidney recipients were duration of hospital stay, kidney graft function and vital status at day 7, day 28, 3 months, and 1 year after transplantation, and adverse events (infections, cardiovascular events, and surgical complications). Secondary outcomes were assessed in the mITT population. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03098706. Between Nov 9, 2017, and March 3, 2021, 365 donors were randomly assigned, of whom 298 (151 [51%] male, 147 [49%] female) provided kidneys to 526 recipients (323 [61%] male, 203 [39%] female). 251 recipients in the hypothermia group and 275 recipients in the normothermia group were included in the analysis. Graft function was delayed in 40 (16%) of 251 recipients in the hypothermia group and 58 (21%) of 275 recipients in the normothermia group (odds ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·44-1·13]; p=0·14; absolute difference -5·2% [95% CI 11·8-1·5]). Compared with donors in the normothermia group, donors in the hypothermia group had higher highest mean arterial pressure (115 mm Hg [SD 22] vs 108 mm Hg [20]; p=0·001). 1 year after transplantation, recipients in the hypothermia group had a lower mean creatinine concentration (152·4 μmol/L [SD 59·1] vs 169·7 μmol/L [51·4]; p=0·0351) and a higher mean creatinine clearance (42·3 mL/min/1·73 m2 [15·8] vs 40·5 mL/min/1·73 m2 [17·9]; p=0·0414) than those in the normothermia group. No significant differences between groups were identified for any other secondary outcomes. Hypothermia in expanded criteria donors whose organs were routinely stored using machine perfusion did not decrease the frequency of delayed kidney graft function. However, hypothermia was associated with a lower serum creatinine concentration and a higher creatinine clearance 1 year after transplantation. French Ministry of Health and French Intensive Care Society.

Proceedings of Reanimation 2023, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Proceedings of Reanimation 2023, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Proceedings of Reanimation 2022, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Proceedings of Reanimation 2022, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Sanitary safety of the 2021 French Intensive Care Society medical conference: a case/control study

BackgroundIn-person mass gathering events (MGE) are returning after a period of restrictions, yet few prospective scientific evaluations of their safety are available.MethodsProspective observational study, including both attendees of the French Intensive Care Society (FICS) annual meeting held in Paris between June the 9th and June the 11th, 2021 and matched controls (healthcare professionals who stayed in the ICU during the conference). SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow test was performed on day 7. Follow-up occurred until day 21.ResultsOut of the 1824 healthcare professionals attending the congress (all of which fulfilled legal requirements: 7 days or more following a second dose of vaccine or a negative PCR test performed within less than 72 h), 520 (28.5%) agreed to participate. Follow-up data were received for 216 (41.5%) out of the 520 included attendees, and for 191 matched controls. No positive SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow test was reported in the attendees or in the matched controls. The probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the MGE was less than 1.7% in the attendees (95% confidence interval [0;1.7%]), less than 2% in the controls (95%CI [0;2%]) and the difference in probabilities of infection was less than 1.9% (95% CI [0;1.9%]).ConclusionDuring a low incidence period, in this population of congress attendees screened for SARS-CoV-2 by a lateral flow test at day 7, no positive cases could be documented, no concomitant infection occurred in the matched controls; suggesting no extra risk of infection during the MGE.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, #NCT04918160.

Multicentre observational status-epilepticus registry: protocol for ICTAL

IntroductionStatus epilepticus (SE) is a common life-threatening neurological emergency that can cause long-term impairments. Overall outcomes remain poor. Major efforts are required to clarify the epidemiology of SE and the...

Reports from the 1st Young Investigator’s Day of the French Intensive Care Society

The Translational Research Committee of the French Intensive Care Society organized the first Young Investigator’s Day on October 18th 2019. This seminar gave young Intensive Care students the opportunity to present their Master’s or PhD research work to a college of expert researchers. For this first event, Professors Jean-Marc Cavaillon (Paris), Laurent Papazian (Marseille), Peter Radermacher (Ulm) et Hafid Ait-Oufella (Paris) kindly accepted to give young candidates their critical support. The subjects of presentations, covering the fields of neuroscience, immunology, hemodynamics and pharmacology illustrated the richness and diversity of translational research in Intensive Care Medicine.

Proceedings of Reanimation 2021, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Proceedings of Reanimation 2021, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Le cerveau : une nouvelle frontière pour la réanimation

Le séminaire annuel de la Commission de Recherche Translationnelle de la SRLF a eu lieu à Paris le 3 décembre 2019. Ce séminaire est un moment privilégié d’échange entre cliniciens et scientifiques autour des axes de recherche propres à la réanimation. La sixième édition a portée sur les défis et les promesses inhérents à la recherche translationnelle autour des agressions cérébrales aiguës. Illustrant les dernières avancées dans ce domaine, les chercheurs ont présenté et discuté leurs travaux basés sur des approches complémentaires, allant de l’étude des cellules nerveuses isolées à celui des réseaux cérébraux complexes, situés au carrefour des nombreuses modulations systémiques. Une part importante des présentations a été dédiée aux nouveautés dans le domaine de l’étude du coma et des troubles acquis de la conscience. Des pistes de recherche prometteuses concernant les pathologies neurologiques prises en charge en réanimation, comme le delirium, le traumatisme crânien, les encéphalopathies métaboliques ou auto-immunes ont été aussi discutées. Enfin, nombre d’orateurs ont pu souligner les promesses et les faiblesses des nouvelles technologies actuellement disponibles pour l’étude in vivo de du cerveau humain en état critique.

Thromboprophylaxis in arthroscopy: Survey of current practices in France and comparison with recommendations

IntroductionCurrent national and international recommendations for thromboprophylaxis after arthroscopy procedures are not very detailed and likely not well known by surgeons. The aim of this study was to compare the daily clinical practices of members of the Francophone Arthroscopy Society (SFA) with current national and international recommendations. HypothesisThe primary hypothesis was that the procedures adopted by more than 75% of SFA members conform to the national recommendations set out by the French Anesthesia and Intensive Care Society (SFAR) in effect at the time of this study. MethodsA questionnaire was sent to members of the SFA asking three questions to capture their protocol (decision maker, prescriber, indication by procedure). Descriptive statistics were generated for each question. The percentage of prescription protocols conforming to each recommendation was compared to the target percentage (75% arbitrary threshold) by a Chi2 test with a 5% threshold overall and for each type of procedure. ResultsThirty-five percent of the SFA members responded to the questionnaire. Overall, the compliance rate was 69%, which was significantly lower than the target (p<0.001). The compliance rate was significantly lower than the target for hip procedures, minor knee procedures and ankle procedures; each time, the prescription was excessive. The compliance rate was not different than the target for major knee procedures and upper limb procedures. The sole reason for non-compliance was a non-justified prescription. DiscussionLess than 75% of SFA members have adopted thromboprophylaxis protocols that comply with national SFAR recommendations in effect at the time of this study, with excessive prescription for procedures on the lower limb. Recent studies do not confirm that broadening of the prescription is justified. This large gap between published recommendations and current practices means that we should reconsider the relevance of current recommendations and re-evaluate the cost-benefit ratio of prescribing a drug-based thromboprophylaxis after arthroscopy surgery. Level of evidenceLevel IV.

One-year survival of patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit.

IntroductionOnly limited data are available regarding the long-term prognosis of patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit. We sought to quantify 1-year mortality and evaluate the association between mortality and (1) functional status, and (2) management of anticancer therapy in patients with high-grade glioma discharged alive from the intensive care unit. Patients and methodsRetrospective observational cohort study of patients with high-grade glioma admitted to two intensive care units between January 2009 and June 2018. Functional status was assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Status. Anticancer therapy after discharge was classified as (1) continued (unchanged), (2) modified (changed or stopped), or (3) initiated (for newly diagnosed disease). ResultsNinety-one high-grade glioma patients (73% of whom had glioblastoma) were included and 78 (86%) of these patients were discharged alive from the intensive care unit. Anticancer therapy was continued, modified, and initiated in 41%, 42%, and 17% of patients, respectively. Corticosteroid therapy at the time of ICU admission [odds ratio (OR) 0.07] and cancer progression (OR 0.09) was independently associated with continuation of anticancer therapy. The mortality rate 1 year after ICU admission was 73%. On multivariate analysis, continuation of anticancer therapy (OR 0.18) and Karnofsky performance status on admission (OR 0.90) were independently associated with lower 1-year mortality. ConclusionThe presence of high-grade glioma is not sufficient to justify refusal of intensive care unit admission. Performance status and continuation of anticancer therapy are associated with higher survival after intensive care unit discharge. Previous presentationPreliminary results were presented at the most recent congress of the French Intensive Care Society, Paris, 2019.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-10191-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prise en charge des états de mal épileptiques en préhospitalier, en structure d’urgence et en réanimation dans les 48 premières heures (à l’exclusion du nouveau‑né et du nourrisson)

La Société de réanimation de langue française et la Société française de médecine d’urgence ont décidé d’élaborer denouvelles recommandations sur la prise en charge de l’état de mal épileptique (EME) avec l’ambition de répondre leplus possible aux nombreuses questions pratiques que soulèvent les EME : diagnostic, enquête étiologique, traitementnon spécifique et spécifique. Vingt‑cinq experts ont analysé la littérature scientifique et formulé des recommandationsselon la méthodologie GRADE. Les experts se sont accordés sur 96 recommandations. Les recommandations avecle niveau de preuve le plus fort ne concernent que l’EME tonicoclonique généralisé (EMETCG) : l’usage des benzodia‑zépines en première ligne (clonazépam en intraveineux [IV] direct ou midazolam en intramusculaire) est recommandé,répété cinq minutes après la première injection (à l’exception du midazolam) en cas de persistance clinique. En casde persistance cinq minutes après cette seconde injection, il est proposé d’administrer la deuxième ligne thérapeu‑tique : valproate de sodium, (fos‑)phénytoïne, phénobarbital ou lévétiracétam. La persistance avérée de convulsions30 minutes après le début de l’administration du traitement de deuxième ligne signe l’EMETCG réfractaire. Il est alorsproposé de recourir à un coma thérapeutique au moyen d’un agent anesthésique intraveineux de type midazolam oupropofol. Des recommandations spécifiques à l’enfant et aux autres EME sont aussi énoncées.

Prise en charge de l’exacerbation sévère d’asthme

Contexte : La Société Française de Médecine d’Urgence, la Société de Réanimation de Langue Française et le GroupeFrancophone de Réanimation et d’Urgences Pédiatriques ont émis des recommandations sur la prise en charge del’exacerbation sévère d’asthme (ESA) chez l’enfant et l’adulte.Résultats : Les recommandations ont concerné 5 champs : diagnostic, traitement pharmacologique, modalités d’oxygénothérapie et de ventilation, orientation du patient, spécifi cités de la femme enceinte. L’analyse de la littérature et laformulation des recommandations ont été conduites selon la méthode GRADE (Grade of Recommendation Assessment,Development and Evaluation). Une recherche bibliographique portant sur les publications indexées dans les bases dedonnées PubMed™ et Cochrane™ a été réalisée.Sur les 21 recommandations formalisées obtenues, 4 avaient un niveau de preuve élevé (GRADE 1+/-) et 7 un niveaude preuve faible (GRADE 2 +/-). Pour 10 recommandations, la méthode GRADE n’a pas pu être appliquée, résultanten un avis d’experts. Un accord fort a été obtenu pour toutes les recommandations.Conclusion : Le travail conjoint de 36 experts issus de 3 sociétés savantes a permis d’obtenir 21 recommandations formalisées pour aider à la prise en charge aux urgences et en soins intensifs des patients adultes et pédiatriques avec une ESA.

Characteristics, Management and Prognosis of Elderly Patients with COVID-19 Admitted in the ICU During the First Wave: Insights from the COVID-ICU Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a heavy burden in terms of health care resources. Future decision-making policies require consistent data on the management and prognosis of the older patients (>70 years old) with COVID-19 admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: Characteristics, management, and prognosis of critically-ill old patients (>70 years) were extracted from the international prospective COVID-ICU database. A propensity score weighted-comparison evaluated the impact of intubation upon admission on Day-90 mortality.Findings: The analysis included 1,199 (28% of the COVID-ICU cohort) patients (median [interquartile] age 74 [72 – 78] years). Fifty-three percent, 31%, and 16% were 70-74, 75-79, and over 80 years old, respectively. The most frequent comorbidities were chronic hypertension (62%), diabetes (30%), and chronic respiratory disease (25%). Median Clinical Frailty Scale was 3 (2-3). Upon admission, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 154 (105 – 222). 740 (62%) patients were intubated on Day-1 and eventually 938 (78%) during their ICU stay. Overall Day-90 mortality was 46% and reached 67% among the 193 patients over 80 years old. Mortality was higher in older patients, diabetics, and those with a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio upon admission, cardiovascular dysfunction, and a shorter time between first symptoms and ICU admission. In propensity analysis, early intubation at ICU admission was associated with a significantly higher Day-90 mortality (42% vs 28%; Hazard Ratio 1·68; 95% CI, 1·24 – 2·27; pInterpretation: Patients over 70 years old represented more than a quarter of the COVID-19 population admitted in the participating ICUs during the first wave. Day-90 mortality was 46%, with dismal outcomes reported for patients older than 80 years or those intubated upon ICU admission.Funding Statement: This study was funded by the Fondation AP-HP and the Direction de la Recherche Clinique et du Developpement and the French Ministry of Health. The REVA network received a 75 000 € research grant from Air Liquide Healthcare.Declaration of Interests: Dr Schmidt reported personal fees from Getinge, Drager, and Xenios, outside the submitted work. Dr Demoule reports personal fees from Medtronic, grants, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Philips, personal fees from Baxter, personal fees from Hamilton, personal fees and non-financial support from Fisher & Paykel, grants from French Ministry of Health, personal fees from Getinge, grants and personal fees from Respinor, grants and nonfinancial support from Lungpacer, outside the submitted work. Dr Dres reported personal fees from Lungpacer. No other disclosures were reported.Ethics Approval Statement: COVID-ICU received approval from the ethical committee of the French Intensive Care Society (CE-SRLF 20-23) following our local regulations.

Colour Doppler ultrasound after major cardiac surgery improves diagnostic accuracy of the pulmonary infection score in acute respiratory failure: A prospective observational study.

Postoperative pneumonia is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery, and its diagnosis is difficult. Little is known about the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the detection of pneumonia in cardiac surgical patients. The substitution of chest radiography by colour Doppler LUS (LUS-sCPIS) in the simplified clinical pulmonary infection score (sCPIS) could improve the diagnosis of pneumonia following cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of LUS-sCPIS and of sCPIS alone in the detection of postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery. A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy. A Surgical Intensive Care Unit of a French University Hospital. Fifty-one patients with acute respiratory failure within 72 h after cardiac surgery were enrolled between January and May 2015. The two index tests, LUS-sCPIS and sCPIS, were calculated for all patients at the onset of acute respiratory failure. The reference standard for the diagnosis of pneumonia was based on the consensus of three physicians, blind to the sCPIS and LUS-sCPIS data, based on a posthoc review of all the clinical, radiological and microbiological evidence. The diagnostic accuracy of LUS-sCPIS was compared with that of sCPIS in the detection of postoperative pneumonia. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 26 out of 51 patients. The LUS-sCPIS detected the presence of pneumonia with a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 0.85 to 0.99) and a specificity of 68% (95% CI 0.55 to 0.81). The sCPIS detected the presence of pneumonia with a sensitivity of 35% (95% CI 0.22 to 0.48) and a specificity of 84% (95% CI 0.74 to 0.94). The area under the curve (AUC) of LUS-sCPIS at 0.80 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) was higher than the AUC of sCPIS at 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.71; P = 0.0008). Compared with sCPIS, LUS-sCPIS improved diagnostic accuracy in the detection of postoperative pneumonia in patients with acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery. It could be a useful bedside tool to guide pneumonia management. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03279887.

Proceedings of R\xe9animation 2019, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Proceedings of R\xe9animation 2019, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Brief summary of French guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU

BackgroundThe French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and the French Society of Intensive Care edited guidelines focused on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in intensive care unit. The goal of 16 French-speaking experts was to produce a framework enabling an easier decision-making process for intensivists.ResultsThe guidelines were related to 3 specific areas related to HAP (prevention, diagnosis and treatment) in 4 identified patient populations (COPD, neutropenia, post-operative and paediatric). The literature analysis and the formulation of the guidelines were conducted according to the Grade of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. An extensive literature research over the last 10 years was conducted based on publications indexed in PubMed™ and Cochrane™ databases.ConclusionsHAP should be prevented by a standardised multimodal approach and the use of selective digestive decontamination in units where multidrug-resistant bacteria prevalence was below 20%. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and microbiological findings. Monotherapy, in the absence of risk factors for multidrug-resistant bacteria, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli and/or increased mortality (septic shock, organ failure), is strongly recommended. After microbiological documentation, it is recommended to reduce the spectrum and to prefer monotherapy for the antibiotic therapy of HAP, including for non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli.

Clinical impact of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in critically ill patients with suspected bleeding

Background and AimsUpper gastrointestinal endoscopies’ (UGE) profitability is undisputable in patients admitted for an overt upper digestive tract bleeding. In critically ill subjects admitted for other causes, its performances have scarcely been investigated despite its broad use. We sought to question the performance of bedside UGE in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, admitted for another reason than overt bleeding.MethodsThis was a six-year (January 2007–December 2012) retrospective observational study of all UGE performed in a medico-surgical ICU. Exclusion of those performed: in patients admitted for a patent upper digestive bleeding; for a second-look gastroscopy of a known lesion; as a planned interventional procedure. Main demographic and clinical data were recorded; UGE indication and profitability were rated according to its findings and therapeutic impact. Operative values of the indications of UGE were calculated. This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the French Society of Intensive Care (n° 12-363).ResultsEighty-four patients (74% male, mean age 61 ± 14 years) underwent a diagnostic UGE, all for a suspected upper digestive tract bleeding. The main symptoms justifying the procedure were anemia (52%), digestive bleeding (27%), vomiting (15%), hemodynamic instability (3%) and hyperuremia (3%). The profitability of UGE was rated as major (n = 5; 5.8%); minor (n = 34; 40.5%); or null (n = 45; 53.6%).ConclusionsWhen ICU admission is not warranted by a digestive bleeding, UGE has limited diagnostic and therapeutic interest, despite being often performed.

National pressure ulcer (PU) prevalence in French intensive care units for patient with neurological diseases

Pressure ulcers are frequent complications in PMR wards. A lot of patients arrive from intensive care units. French national society for pressure ulcer conducts several national studies in France and a study in intensive care units in 2017. We analyse PU prevalence and Acquired PU prevalence, for patients with neurological diseases and without. A national study was conducted with French society of intensive care and French society for pressure ulcer. 1221 patients are screened, in 85 intensive care units in whole France. Patients have surgical disease in 28% and medical disease in 72% with 23% neurological disease (282 patients). Sixty-seven percent are men. Mean age is 61.7 y.o with 30% under 55. Mean IGS2 is 42. Prevalence was analyzed one day during same week in all units by auto delivered survey. Comparison was organized between pathologies and patients in logistic regression. Global PU prevalence is 18.7% and acquired PU prevalence is 12.7%. As acquired PU prevalence for neurological patients is 27% significatively higher than global ( P < 0.0001); 50.5% (47) of severe PU arrive with neurological disease. ( P < 0.0001). Neurological disease is an explicative variable for PU: odds ratio is 3.128 (IC: 1.972–4.961). In intensive care units, Acquired PU is higher for patients with neurological diseases (27% against 12.7%). Neurological disease increases PU risk in intensive care units.

Proceedings of R\xe9animation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

These abstracts have been published as part of Annals of Intensive Care Volume 7 Suppl 1, 2017. The full contents of the supplement are available online at https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/supplements/volume-7-supplement-1 . Please note that this is part 2 of 2.