Freight Forwarders Research Articles

Digital Supply Chain Model for the Cargos Maritime Transport Management in Thailand

The aim of this paper is to study and to assess digital supply chain model for the cargos maritime transport management in Thailand. A samples are ten experts in the field of information and supply chain. The data is analysed by means and standardized deviations. The paper consists of seven elements namely main elements Shipper, Port Operator, Freight forwarders , Suppliers ,Customers and Satisfaction. The assessment about digital model in supply chain for the cargos maritime transport management in Thailand using Black-Box technique. The research findings revealed that digital model in supply chain for the cargos maritime transport management in Thailand is appropriate at the high level , the ten experts agreed.

An Information Operational Model for the Goods Maritime Transport Management in Thai Supply Chain

The research aimed to develop and to assess an information operational model for the goods maritime transport management in Thai supply chain A samples are ten experts in the field of information. and supply chain. The data is analysed by means and standardized deviations. The research about an information operational model for the goods maritime transport management in Thai supply chain consists of six elements namely main elements Carriers , Port operator, Freight forwarders Suppliers and Customers. The assessment about an information operational model for the goods maritime transport management in Thai supply chain using Black-Box technique. The research findings revealed that an information operational model for the goods maritime transport management in Thai supply chain is appropriate at the high level which mean that This model can be develop information system.

Brand quality in the sphere of transportation and expedition services development in a corporation

The XYZ Corporation is a state-owned company in the field of freight, expedition, and transportation services in Indonesia. The company’s main competitors are PT JNE, J&T, and TIKI. Even though XYZ Corporation started operations earlier, it is less competitive than its rivals. Therefore, this study analyses the relationship between brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand awareness, brand equity and brand associations on purchasing decisions for freight forwarding services at XYZ Corporation. We applied a quantitative descriptive method, and the data was obtained in 2022 using a questionnaire, namely online and offline. We examined four exogenous variables (perceived quality, brand association, brand loyalty, and brand awareness) and their relation to the five endogenous variables (brand equity, need recognition, information seeking, evaluation of alternatives, and purchase decisions). The measurement scale used in this questionnaire is a Likert scale (1-5). Data processing in the form of validity, significance, regression weight, reliability, and goodness of fit models were done. Data was then analyzed using the SEM model. The results show that brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand awareness, equity, and brand associations influence purchasing decisions. This means that the decision to use expedition services is determined by brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand awareness, and brand associations. This research implies that XYZ Corporation should change its service and business procedures to be better, or at least equivalent to some other services, to become the main focus in providing services.

SMARTBOX PENERIMA PAKET BELANJA ONLINE

SMARTBOX PENERIMA PAKET BELANJA ONLINE

Improving resilience via capacity allocation and strategic pricing: Co-opetition in a shipping supply chain

The shipping industry has witnessed fiercer competition and more volatility. As a new source to increase profits, more and more liner companies are beginning to encroach on the downstream market, forming a co-opetition relationship between liner companies and freight forwarders. Insufficient (globally or regionally) capacity is also becoming a common problem to liner companies. This paper uses a game-theoretical model to study how can resilience be improved through capacity allocation and pricing in a shipping supply chain with insufficient capacity. We solve the model analytically and find that: The establishment of a direct selling platform (encroachment) helps the liner company to expand his competitive advantages, the price and profit of the liner company are higher than the counterparts of the freight forwarder. Moreover, with the spot market, deliberate capacity allocation and pricing strategy can help to enhance supply chain resilience in case of capacity shortage.

Analisis Kekurangan dan Kelebihan Pembayaran PPN pada Perusahaan Jasa Freight Forwarding PT. Kemasindo Cepat Surabaya

This study aims to analyze the underpayment or overpayment of Value Added Tax (VAT) in the freight forwarding services of PT. Kemasindo Cepat Surabaya. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. Data was collected through direct observation of the VAT reporting process, and analysis of documents related to taxation. The results of the study show that the VAT reporting process in the freight forwarding services of PT. Kemasindo Cepat Surabaya involves several stages, including collecting transaction data, calculating VAT, preparing VAT reports, and reporting to the tax authorities. There are several challenges faced, such as errors when creating e-billing, overpayment before reporting, and over or underpayment due to corrections. This can be overcome by having good communication ties between the finance and accounting team, tax team, marketing team, and customers. This research provides an impetus for companies to improve supervision and monitoring of their taxation processes so that incidents of over or underpayment of VAT can be minimized.

Analysis of The Elements of Logistics Customer Service In Freight Forwarding

Logistics is as service industry that relies heavily on people to execute operations in order to provide a better perception to customers through customer service. In stiff competition, customer service will make a big difference between competitors. A qualitative study using in-depth interview analyse the effectiveness of implementing three elements of logistics customer service, i.e., pre-transactions, in transactions and post-transactions, particularly in the international freight forwarding activities to understand the three elements of customer service transactions. The result shows a strong relationship and impact between the elements, although most of the topics in these elements are not relevant to freight forwarding industry.

Optimal Decisions in a Sea-Cargo Supply Chain with Two Competing Freight Forwarders Considering Altruistic Preference and Brand Investment

Maritime transportation is a crucial component of international cargo transport, offering several advantages, such as route flexibility, large capacity, and cost-effectiveness. The competition and collaboration among the node enterprises in the sea-cargo supply chain system (SCSCS) directly impact the overall structure and efficiency of the supply chain system, introducing complexity in analysis. This research focuses on a two-level SCSCS comprising one shipping company and two competing freight forwarders, considering their altruistic preferences manifested through contributing to the shipping company’s brand building. Employing a Stackelberg game model, this study examines the effects of the shipping company’s brand investment willingness and the freight forwarders’ altruistic preferences on the decision making and profits of all stakeholders. The findings reveal that a higher willingness of the shipping company to invest in its brand building leads to increased profits for all parties involved. However, while the altruistic behaviors of the freight forwarders can enhance the shipping company’s profits, their own profits may not necessarily see the same impact. Furthermore, moderate competition between the freight forwarders can enhance the profits for all members. This research identifies the circumstances in which the freight forwarders’ altruistic preferences can lead to increased profits for themselves, achieving both altruistic and self-interested outcomes.

The Effect of Work Environment, Work Stress and Work Motivation on Employee Performance in Freight Forwarding and Logistics Company

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of work-related stress, motivation, and environment on the productivity of the staff at one of companies that focused on freight forwarding and logistic company. Research of this kind is quantitative. 100 employees made up the study's sample. 80 respondents were used in a random sampling for data gathering. With the use of the SPSS, several linear regression analysis approaches or models are used in this study. The findings of this study suggest that workplace motivation, stress, and surroundings all have an impact on employee performance. Workplace stress has a positive impact on employee performance, employee motivation has a positive impact, and the work environment has a positive impact on employee performance.

A Study on Freight Forwarders’s Function with Reference to Maxxpress Logistics Pvt Ltd.,

Freight forwarders typically arrange cargo movement to an international destination. Also referred to as international freight forwarders, they have the expertise that allows them to prepare and process the documentation and perform related activities pertaining to international shipments. Some of the typical information reviewed by a freight forwarder is the commercial invoice, shipper's export declaration, bill of lading and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import, or transhipment. Much of this information is now processed in a paperless environment. A freight forwarder organizes the safe, efficient movement of goods on behalf of an exporter, importer or another company or person, sometimes including dealing with packing and storage. Taking into account the type of goods and the customers' delivery requirements, freight forwarders arrange the best means of transport, using the services of shipping lines, airlines or road and rail freight operators. In some cases, the freight forwarding company itself provides the service. Companies vary in size and type, from those operating on a national and international basis to smaller, more specialized firms, who deal with particular types of goods or operate within particular geographical areas.

Impact of Compensation on Employees’ Performance Empirical Investigation

This study aimed to validate the impact of compensation on employees’ performance in freight forwarding companies based in Karachi. A sample of 65 respondents was obtained using unrestricted non-probability convenience sampling technique. Adjusted R-square (57%) and R-square (57.7%) are very close, indicating no sampling error. The instrument has been adapted and consists of a 5-point Likert scale. The variables were found reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.7). The results suggest that there is a positive and significant association between both the variables (r = 0.795, p<0.01), and Compensation has 57.7% explanatory power (F = 85.79, p<.01), which is highly significant. Moreover, regression result also suggests that Compensation has a positive significant impact on Employees’ Performance. It is recommended that organisations take care of compensation as it is a vital factor that motivates employees to perform.

Persepsi Generasi Milenial Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Tracking System pada Jasa Pengiriman JNE

One of the freight forwarding or logistics service companies that utilizes it is PT Titipan Kilat Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE). Not only about service, logistics companies must also pay attention to the timeliness of delivery of goods that are carried out, delivery time is the period of time the customer orders the product until it arrives in the hands of the consumer himself. The research aims to determine the effect of the quality of the tracking system service on JNE delivery services on the satisfaction of the millennial generation in Bekasi Regency and to study the effect of service quality on JNE delivery services on the satisfaction of the millennial generation in Bekasi Regency. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires, observation and library research. While the data collected was analyzed by validity test, reliability test, normality test, simple linear regression test, correlation coefficient test, coefficient of determination test and hypothesis test T. The results of the research conducted were the perception of the millennial generation on the variable perception of the service tracking system that provide experience to know the position of the goods is very good. It can be seen from the value obtained, which is 4.22 with a very good interpretation. The attitude of the JNE courier on the perception variable also shows a good value of 4.13 with a good interpretation. The quality of service at JNE is still lacking, as can be seen from the indicator of the facilities provided by JNE with a value of 3.57, although the interpretation is good, it still needs to be improved so that it is better than its competitors.

Hybrid Approach to the Cost Estimation of External-Fleet Full Truckload Contracts

Freight forwarding and transportation are the backbone of the modern economy. There are thousands of transportation companies on the market whose sole purpose is to deliver ordered goods from pickup to delivery. Transportation can be carried out by two types of fleets. A company can have its own trucks, or it can use third-party companies. This transportation can be carried out in a variety of formulas, with full truckload being the most common for long routes. The shipper must be aware of the potential cost of such a service during the process of selecting a particular transport. The presented solution addresses this exact issue. There are many approaches, ranging from detailed cost calculators to machine learning solutions. The present study uses a dedicated hybrid algorithm that combines different techniques, spanning clustering algorithms, regression and kNN (k Nearest Neighbors) estimators. The resulting solution was tested on real shipping data covering multi-year contract data from several shipping companies operating in the European market. The obtained results proved so successful that they were implemented in a commercial solution used by freight forwarding companies on a daily basis.

A flexible cost model for seaport-hinterland decisions in container shipping

A seaport–hinterland system offers a wide range of service options for shippers and consignees to export or import containerized cargo. The present study, set within the context of Brazil, seeks to propose a flexible cost model to aid joint seaport–hinterland network decisions by freight forwarders and clients. More specifically, employing simulation and sensibility analysis, the proposed model is employed to explore: (i) decisions on whether to perform logistics services in seaports or dry ports; (ii) decisions on whether to transport containerized cargo by road or by multimodal transportation (road and rail); and (iii) decisions on whether cargo is best delivered or received in either consolidated or deconsolidated form. Simulations are undertaken against seven transportation strategy permutations via which service operators might deliver containers from seaports or dry ports to clients. We find five factors—(i) cargo value, (ii) cargo accommodation type, (iii) transportation mode, (iv) delivery distance and (v) shipping process time—as critical to joint seaport–hinterland operations impacting shippers and consignees. Furthermore, dry ports are shown to be particularly cost efficient for imports requiring long-term storage, even where the dry ports are not directly connected to seaports or intermodal facilities.

Determining and Evaluating The Strategies of Air Cargo Freight Forwarders to Increase Business Volume with AHP Method

Air cargo forwarders plays an essential role in air cargo transportation process. They provide service providing communication between the stakeholders in the supply chain. However, there is a fierce competition in this sector due to huge number of companies. For this reason, this companies need to respond to changes in the globalization era by applying some strategies. In this scope, the aim of this study is to determine and weight the strategies that forwarders operating in the air cargo sector can implement to increase their business volumes, using the studies in the literature, interviews with 10 experts working in different forwarder companies in Turkey, and the AHP method. Although strategies for companies to increase their business volumes examined in various studies, there is no study specifically for 'Air cargo transport companies'. In addition, any study using the AHP method for the sector has not been found in the literature. In this context, the study is unique in terms of sectoral practice and methodology. The finding of the study suggests that staff trainings to improve customer relations is the most important criteria for air cargo freight forwarders.

Analisis Pajak Penghasilan (PPH) Pasal 23 Atas Jasa Freight Forwarding PT. Gerbang Sinergi Prima

This research will be discussed the Income Tax Article 23 withholding treatment and calculation considering the Freight Forwarding Service activities. the authors conducted an analysis of the suitability of the practice of withholding tax carried out by PT Gerbang Sinergi Prima . The research method used is descriptive quantitative method that uses primary data with data collection techniques through field observations and interviews. The analysis tool used is the calculation of income tax based on the Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 141 / pmk.03 / 2015 and Law Number 7 Of 1983 on Income Tax which was last amended by the Act Number 36 of 2008 requires every company as a taxpayer to do withholding of PPh 23 by 2% of the gross amount (Income). The result of analysis income tax subjected to PPh 23 for freight forwarding service activities PT Gerbang Sinergi Prima is suitable to Income Tax Article 23 tax code of withholding treatment and calculation Taxpayer which has NPWP but not for Taxpayer which has not NPWP.

The impact of digitalization and digital logistics platform adoption on organizational performance in maritime logistics of Taiwan

ABSTRACT The significance of new technologies and digitalization have been recognized in maritime logistics operations amid COVID pandemic. Understanding the adoption of digitalization and collaborative digital platform between participants in industry is important, particularly the path of digital transformation and the impacts they create. However, these issues have not been fully explored in the maritime logistics industry. This study thus developed a model that incorporates digitalization, digital logistics platform adoption, organization’s digital transformation, as well as organizational performance, and examined the associations between them through six research hypotheses. Postal questionnaires were distributed to shipping companies, port operators, shipping agencies, and ocean freight forwarders in Taiwan. The survey yielded a total of 165 valid responses. Subsequently, CFA was applied to verify the model, and SEM was employed to examine the proposed hypotheses. The main findings of the study indicate that enhancing digitalization and embracing digital logistics platforms can significantly contribute to digital transformation. Both digitalization and digital transformation have a positive impact on organizational performance. However, the adoption of digital logistics platforms currently demonstrates an insignificant effect on organizational performance at this stage. Consequently, leveraging the lens of network effects theory, the findings are further discussed, and implications are suggested.

Enhancing Chittagong Port: Fostering a Future-Ready Supply Chain

An essential lifeline to Bangladesh's robust economy, Chittagong Port in Bangladesh, was the subject of an insightful visit in May 2023. An expert team comprising three academicians (professors) and two industry experts from the Bangladesh Freight Forwarders Association (BAFFA) embarked on an explorative journey to understand the heart of the nation's supply chain and examine the intricate operations that make this port an economic powerhouse. Key functions like cargo handling, container operations, vessel loading and unloading, ship navigation, radar, and speed log were meticulously assessed for their complex contribution to both local and global trade dynamics. A comprehensive inspection of these operations showcased their importance in the seamless flow of goods, which establishes the port as the backbone of Bangladesh's trade ecosystem. It was previously identified the port as a critical logistical hub in the region.

On urban co-modality: Non-cooperative and cooperative games among freight forwarder, carrier and transit operator

This paper models a public transit system that can serve both passengers and urban freight, i.e., urban co-modality, and investigates the system-wide impacts of co-modality on existing urban freight forwarding service, freight carrier and urban transit services. In the co-modal system, we model one transit operator that serves passengers and provides co-modal services, one freight forwarder (an intermediary) that serves freight customers and uses freight transportation services provided by a freight carrier or the transit operator, and one freight carrier that provides services to the freight forwarder. We derive the analytical conditions under which co-modal operations can improve the profits of the freight forwarder, carrier and transit operator, and the consumer surpluses of freight customers and passengers compared with the status quo without co-modality. We also analytically and numerically compare the optimal operation decisions, the three operators’ profits, and the users’ welfare under different games among the operators (non-cooperative and cooperative games). Our results show that when the three operators are in a non-cooperative relationship, the freight carrier might have a profit loss due to the decreased freight units allocated to the direct road channel; whereas, both the freight forwarder and the transit operator would have profit gains from the co-modality. The numerical studies further reveal that to ensure a Pareto-improving co-modal system, the operators have to reduce the freight/transit service fare and co-modal transportation price.

The value of the blockchain platform for shipping logistics considering the perceived utility of consumers

Blockchain has been widely used to trace logistics information from sources to destinations in shipping logistics practices. Motivated by market practices, this study intends to discuss the potential application value of blockchain platforms in shipping logistics, considering the perceived utility of consumers. For this purpose, to investigate the shipping logistics supply chain (SLSC) of a shipping company (SC) and a freight forwarding company (FFC), in which FFC decides whether to introduce a blockchain platform and its introduction channel. Specifically, three channel models are considered: Model T (i.e., traditional logistics supply chain channel), Model B (i.e., FFCs applied a blockchain platform via a self-built platform channel), and Model J (i.e., FFCs applied a blockchain platform via joining a third-party platform channel). Meanwhile, the Nash and Stackelberg game are used to characterize the companies’ equilibrium outcomes under different power structures. By comparing these three modes, some interesting results are found: consumer perception of the level of service and privacy protection and consumer sensitivity to price has critical effects on the value of blockchain platforms. Results also show that the blockchain platform does not always motivate the members of the SLSC to become better. Whether the power structure is symmetrical or asymmetrical, FFC adopts Model B instead of Model J, in which the blockchain platform can help FFC increase profits, and the value of blockchain is significant. Moreover, the FFC can obtain at least approximately 78% more benefit when the power structure is symmetrical than asymmetrical. However, the value of blockchain platforms to SC is not necessarily significant. The value of the blockchain platform for SC is significant only in Model B with the power structure asymmetric. Therefore, the value of the blockchain platform in Model B with the power structure asymmetrical for both FFCs and SCs is significant, achieving a win-win situation. Also, an extensive numerical analysis showing the optimal channel strategy in the three models generated additional management insights.