Freeze-thaw Environment Research Articles

Mechanical performance evolution and life prediction of prestressed CFRP plate exposed to hygrothermal and freeze-thaw environments

The long-term prestressed loss of anchorage system and mechanical property evolution play the significant role for the steel/concrete structures strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates. In the present study, a wedge-extrusion bond anchorage system was applied to provide the reliable anchorage load-bearing capacity for CFRP plate. A new prestressed tension device was put forward to realize the coupling exposure of elevated temperature (20 °C, 60 °C and −20 to 30 °C), distilled water and sustained loading (20%, 40% and 60%). The mechanical and thermal properties of CFRP plate were conducted to obtain the long-term evolution exposed to the above environments. The mechanical analysis and tensile tests of anchorage system showed the tensile failure modes under the static and cyclic loads were the CFRP burst, and there was no debonding occurring in the anchor. The higher anchorage capacity was attributed to the uniform stress distribution of CFRP plate parallel to the greatest dimension of cross section in the anchor. The new prestressed tension device can realize the maximum prestressed level (∼70%) with an allowable prestressed loss (∼300 με). Meanwhile, the prestressed loss of CFRP plate exposed at the maximum temperature (60 °C) and longest time (90 days) was found to be ∼300 με. Immersed at higher temperature and prestressed level brought about an additional degradation rate of tensile strength (5%∼10%). The minimum strength retention of CFRP plate was found at the freeze-thaw exposure for 90 days. The long-term life prediction showed the residual tensile strength retentions of CFRP plates were more than 50% for the maximum prestressed level (60%) for the service life of 30 years in civil engineering structures.

Damage Evolution of Frozen-Thawed Granite Based on High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Scanning

Freeze-thaw damage of rocks is one of significant natural causes for geo-hazards such as collapse and rockfall in alpine areas. To explore damage evolution in granite in a freeze-thaw environment, specimens of granite in Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet, China were collected as research objects. Saturated and dry rock specimens were subjected to cyclic freeze-thaw tests of 0, 36, 72, and 144 cycles and freeze-thaw damage of the rock was analyzed by combining computed tomography (CT) scanning and three-dimensional (3D) visualization. Results show that the peak stress of granite decreases to different extents with the increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles; compared with dry rock specimens, saturated granite deteriorates more significantly and shows obviously different stress–strain curves under loading. The moisture condition exerts significant influences on the degree of freeze-thaw damage to granite: after 144 freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rates of dry and saturated rock specimens are 0.06% and 0.44% and their loss rates of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) reach 4.08% and 26.2%, respectively. Under freeze-thaw cycles, the frost heave of pore water causes initiation and development of micro-defects and new micro-cracks mainly develop along relatively weak areas such as inherent defects (pores and fractures) and boundaries between different mineral crystals, resulting in intergranular and transgranular cracking. For dry rock specimens, the non-uniform contraction and expansion of minerals therein are main causes for deterioration inside the rock. The freeze-thaw damage of rocks is calculated using the improved elastic modulus loss method. The damage development trend conforms to the strength deterioration trend and the pore development in the rock, reflecting the evolution of freeze-thaw damage to granite.

Study on Damage Mechanism and Residual Life of Clay Brick in Central Plains of China Under freeze–Thaw Environment

Study on Damage Mechanism and Residual Life of Clay Brick in Central Plains of China Under freeze–Thaw Environment

Study on the bonding properties of the interface between ECC and thermal insulation materials under freeze-thaw environment

Through the double-sided shear test of sandwich structure, the freeze–thaw environment, the production method, the insulation material, the presence or absence of connectors and the angle of the embedded connectors on the bonding performance are studied respectively. The results demonstrate that the Na2SO4 solution has a greater impact on the interface bonding performance of the specimens than the clean water environment. As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases, the bonding effect becomes worse. After freezing and thawing cycles, the average ultimate load of the cast-in-place specimens in the EPS and XPS specimens is 4.3 and 5.7 times that of the precast specimens, respectively. Bearing capacity of XPS specimens is generally higher than that of EPS specimens, but the latter has better bonding performance between the insulation layer and the ECC layer. Increasing the thickness of the insulation layer, the bonding properties of the two kinds of insulation series test pieces become worse. With the addition of the connector, the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen becomes larger and the shear resistance is improved. Among the specimens with BFRP reinforcement, the specimen with 45°embedded connector angle has the highest bearing capacity, while the specimen with 90°has the largest interfacial slip. The toughness index reflects the energy dissipation capacity and ductility of the specimen in the later bearing process to a certain extent. The specimens with higher toughness index are embedded in the connector. The toughness index of the specimens without connectors is low, and the lowest is the specimen with 5% Na2SO4 solution in freeze–thaw environment.

Study on Deterioration of Gray Brick with Different Moisture Contents under Freeze-Thaw Environment.

Generally, brick buildings are in the open-air environment year round, and damage to them is aggravated by the effect of repeated freezing and thawing cycles. In order to determine freeze–thaw damage and deterioration mechanism, the initial moisture content of gray brick specimens was set as 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. The effects of moisture content and the number of freeze–thaw cycles on the quality, mechanical properties and microstructure of gray brick were investigated by uniaxial compression tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. Numerical simulations were applied to model the freezing and thawing process. The results showed that: as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, the mass loss rate and peak strength reduction rate of gray brick both increased. The initial moisture content had a greater impact on damage to gray brick due to freeze–thaw; ω = 80% was defined as the limit moisture content of gray brick. Under the repeated action of freeze–thaw cycles, the areas affected by thermal stress were mainly concentrated in the center of the outer surface and the center of the side of gray bricks. The maximum thermal stress after 55 freeze–thaw cycles was 1.522 × 10−2 MPa. This research results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and protection of frost damage of brick buildings in a freeze–thaw environment.

Investigation on Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

This paper studied the microscopic and mechanical property degradation of axially compressed concrete with different steel fiber content under chemical erosion and freeze-thaw environment. Concrete cylinders with three types of steel fiber contents (0%, 1%, 2%) were selected to study the durability behavior concerning different environmental effects up to 28 days, which included tap water, 3.5% sodium chloride solution, 10% sodium sulfate solution, 5% sulfuric acid solution, 2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, and 100 freeze-thaw cycles. The variation of specimens’ microstructure and axial bearing capacity with different fiber content was studied with the chemical erosion cycle increase, and the mass and pH variations of the specimen were measured. According to the law of micro-cracks, the deterioration degree was judged, and a numerical analysis model was established to quantify the reliability of the structure with different fiber content. The results show that the addition of steel fiber can effectively improve the axial bearing capacity of concrete, and a freeze-thaw environment and chemical erosion can accelerate fiber-reinforced concrete’s failure. The optimal content of steel fiber was determined, which is 1% for sodium chloride and sodium sulfate environments, and 2% for the freeze-thaw cycle, dilute sulfuric acid, and sodium hydroxide environments. The finite element software Abaqus was used to simulate and analyze the freeze-thaw cycle and mechanical test of concrete, which verified the rationality of the test results. Research results will provide a theoretical basis for predicting the performance deterioration of steel fiber reinforced concrete under different erosion conditions and periods.

Performance attenuation and mechanism of basalt-fibre-reinforced concrete under fatigue load and freeze–thaw cycles

ABSTRACTTo explore the performance attenuation and mechanism of basalt-fibre-reinforced concrete (BFRC) in cold areas, the changes in the properties of BFRC were discussed under two conditions: the freeze–thaw environment and the coupling of fatigue load and freeze–thaw cycles, and the process of pore deterioration and microcrack propagation was studied quantitatively via mercury intrusion porosimetry and electron image analysis. The results showed that the frost resistance of concrete first improved and then worsened as the basalt fibre length and content increased; the optimum length and content of basalt fibre are 12 mm and 1.96 kg/m3, respectively, based on frost resistance. The performance attenuation of BFRC was lower than that of ordinary concrete under coupling conditions, and the enhancing effect of basalt fibre was more obvious with an increase in the stress level. Basalt fibre alleviated the pore deterioration, and the increase in the amplitude of more harmful pores in BFRC was reduced by 4–5%. The area density and width of cracks were reduced under coupling owing to the anti-cracking effect of the basalt fibre, accompanied by the complication of crack morphology.

Using Ground Penetrating Radar to Monitor Seasonal Moisture Fluctuations in Base Layers of Existing Roads

A high moisture content in the unbound aggregate layers of pavements can lead to severe functional and structural damage, especially in pavement constructed in freeze-thaw environments, such as Minnesota. In these climates, the freezing temperatures can contribute to the formation of severe crack-heaving issues, and the early spring-thaw conditions can significantly reduce a pavement’s bearing capacity. A good understanding of subsurface seasonal moisture fluctuation is, therefore, essential for implementing effective maintenance and road load management techniques. Unfortunately, traditional pavement moisture testing approaches are expensive, time-consuming, invasive, limited in spatial coverage, and negatively affect the traffic flow. The present study builds on previous efforts to characterize moisture and frost conditions in pavement base layers using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and moisture sensing instruments. The paper offers a simple methodology for monitoring moisture variations in the base layer and assessing the moisture susceptibility of aggregate base materials from single-offset GPR measurements. The methodology was validated by comparing the GPR data with moisture content readings collected from four different pavement test sections over a period of approximately two years. Overall, the moisture contents obtained from the GPR were comparable with those obtained from sensors installed in the pavement section. However, the GPR approach offered the added advantage of covering long stretches of pavement in short times and with minimal impact on the pavement and traffic.

Potential evaluation of waste recycled aggregate concrete for structural concrete aggregate from freeze-thaw environment

The reuse of waste recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) from freeze-thaw (FT) environment as coarse recycle aggregate (CRA) for structural concrete can effectively improve the application of second-generation CRA. This paper evaluated the reuse potential of waste RAC suffered different FT cycles as CRA for structural concrete by FT damage. C40 RAC specimens with 100% replacement rate were produced and the FT damage through a coupled action of FT cycles and 35% bending load was assessed. The RAC were crushed into second-generation CRA after every 100 FT cycles until FT failure. Results showed that the evolution process of FT damage on physical properties of CRA can be divided into four stages: reinforcement stage, transition stage, weakening stage and failure stage. In the evolution process, the apparent density of second-generation CRA decreased with FT cycles, while the crushing value, water absorption and soundness (mass loss) increased. The particle size of second-generation CRA gradually decreased with the accumulation of FT damage, and the screening curve of the CRA after 400 FT cycles cannot meet the requirements of continuous particle size. Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME) was more sensitive than mass loss rate in assessing the frost resistance durability of RAC. The FT damage threshold of RAC based on the properties requirements of type II and type III CRA was 0.085 and 0.359, respectively, indicating that the FT damage threshold of waste RAC crushing as CRA for structural concrete was 0.36, and the corresponding RDME was 64% rather than 60%. The microscopic analysis showed that the weakening of adhesive mortar and ITZ was the fundamental reason for the decrease of physical properties of the second-generation CRA. The CRA obtained from the RAC with FT failure cannot be reuse as aggregates for structure concrete.

Study on preparation of modified antifreezing micro-surfacing and its road performance and antifreezing effect

In order to solve the problem of road freezing caused by low temperature rain and snow in spring and winter, a kind of micro-surfacing with antifreezing function was prepared in this paper. At the same time, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER) were used to modify the antifreezing micro-surfacing in order to obtain antifreezing micro-surfacing with better performance. The skid resistance, abrasion resistance and rutting resistance of ordinary antifreezing micro-surfacing (OMS) and modified antifreezing micro-surfacing (MMS) with different content of antifreeze fillers were evaluated by sand patch method, British Pendulum Number (BPN), freeze–thaw cycle wet track abrasion test and rutting deformation test. The antifreezing effects of OMS and MMS were compared by icing test and salt precipitation test under the same amount of antifreeze filler. The road performance test results show that the road performance of antifreezing micro-surfacing decreases with the increase of antifreeze fillers. The skid resistance of MMS under different abrasion degrees, abrasion resistance under extreme freeze–thaw environment and rutting resistance are better compared with OMS. The abrasion resistance and rutting resistance performance have been greatly improved, which effectively reduces the risk of large area aggregate stripping of antifreezing micro-surfacing in its special working and service environment. At the same time, the test results of antifreezing effect show that there is no significant difference in macroscopic antifreezing effect between OMS and MMS. The salt precipitation test indicates that the MMS is beneficial to the sustained release of the effective components of antifreezing. Therefore the MMS can effectively alleviate the deterioration of road performance caused by the addition of antifreeze filler. It is helpful to prolong the service life of antifreezing micro-surfacing and gives full play to the advantages of easy paving and efficient antifreezing. The research on the MMS is of great significance to solve the problem of snow freezing in new and old asphalt pavement.

Effect of Silica Fume and Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber on Mechanical Properties and Frost Resistance of Concrete

To improve the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete, silica fume, and polyvinyl alcohol fiber compounded in concrete. The mechanical and frost resistance of concrete were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated for strength change, mass loss, and relative dynamic elastic modulus change by compressive strength test, flexural strength test, and rapid freeze-thaw test. The results showed that with the incorporation of silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber, the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete were improved, and the decrease in mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete after freeze-thaw cycles were significantly reduced, which indicated that the compounding of silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber improved the frost resistance of concrete. When the content of silica fume was 10% and the volume content of polyvinyl alcohol fiber was 1%, the comprehensive mechanical performance and frost resistance of concrete is the best. The compressive strength increased by 26.6% and flexural strength increased by 29.17% compared to ordinary concrete. Based on the test data, to study the macroscopic damage evolution of concrete compound silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber under repeated freeze-thaw conditions. The Weibull distribution probability model and GM (1, 1) model were established. The average relative errors between the predicted and actual data of the two models are small and very close. It is shown that both models can reflect well the development of concrete damage under a freeze-thaw environment. This provides an important reference value and theoretical basis for the durability evaluation and life prediction of compound silica fume and polyvinyl alcohol fiber concrete in cold regions.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Large Temperature Difference on Compressive Strength and Pore Structure of Semirigid Base

Understanding the evolution of mechanical properties and pore structure of semirigid base under large temperature difference is of great significance for evaluating the durability and safety of semirigid base structure and studying the damage cracking mechanism and prevention technology of semirigid base induced by large temperature difference climate. This paper studies the variation law of peak stress and dynamic modulus, the evolution characteristics of pore structure, and the pore size distribution of semirigid base after different cycles at different temperature intervals. Based on the analysis of peak stress and dynamic modulus test results, the degradation effect of freeze‐thaw environment (−20°C∼20°C) on semirigid base is far greater than that of high‐temperature environment (20°C∼60°C) and low‐temperature environment (−5°C∼−30°C). There are significant decreases in peak stress and dynamic modulus of semirigid base in the late cycle (12 to 15 cycles). Under low‐temperature and freeze‐thaw environments, the axial load resistance of semirigid base is significantly correlated with the deformation resistance, and the correlation between the two is not significant under high‐temperature environment. The variability of the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of the internal microscopic phases of the semirigid base and the force characteristics of the pore interface phases are the root causes of the damage and cracking of the pavement base in a large temperature difference climate.

Comprehensive Test and Evaluation Analysis of Permeable Concrete (PC) Clogging by Using Steel Slag

In recent decade, researchers have more attention to water resource protection and forward the concept of sponge city construction. PC is becoming more and more popular as a rainwater management tool because of fast climate changes worldwide. In this experiment, PC specimens were prepared with steel slag as aggregate, and the targeted porosity of specimens was 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively, and the ratio of water to cement was 0.38, 0.4, and 0.42. The PC specimens under the 200 mm high head are the most severely blocked; 0.283 m/s high‐speed horizontal runoff appears after the rapid plugging stage later in the other two types of speed tests. With time, the plugging effect of the test specimen is almost the same; the clogging degree of the PC sample with the porosity of 25% is more obvious than that of other porosity test specimens. The PC with large porosity is more serious to clogging because the higher seepage velocity will enter the internal tunnel with higher penetration force, which increases the possibility of clogging. Tests have shown that, at different rainwater runoff head heights, the PC specimens under the 200 mm high head are the most severely blocked; 0.283 m/s high‐speed horizontal runoff appears after the rapid plugging stage later in the other two types of speed tests but over time. With time, the plugging effect of the test specimen was almost the same; the clogging degree of the permeable concrete sample with the porosity of 25% is more obvious than that of other porosity test specimens. While it is noticed that the compressive strength of the PC after clogging has decreased in the freeze‐thaw environment, the destruction process is faster than the unblocked test specimen.

Strength Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Under Freeze-Thaw Environment

Strength Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Under Freeze-Thaw Environment

Response characteristics of highland barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings to the stress of salinity and artemisinin under freeze–thaw environment.

In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, crops are commonly subjected to freeze-thaw and salt stress factors simultaneously, and allelopathy is common, which affects the growth of highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the largest food crop in Tibet. In order to explore the effects of artemisinin, salt and freeze-thaw (FAS) stress on physiological characteristics of highland barley seedlings, hydroponic experiment was carried out with the addition of 20mg/L artemisinin and 150mMNaCl as well as the simulation of freeze-thaw environment. The results suggested that under combined stress, the soluble protein content in combined stresses of artemisinin, FAS increased by 97.8%, the variation of relative conductivity in FAS group was lower than that in combined salt and freeze-thaw stress (FS), the relative water content decreased significantly (P <0.05), the malondialdehyde (MDA), H2 O2 and soluble sugar content in FAS group accumulated but less than those in FS group, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in combined artemisinin and freeze-thaw stress (FA) and FAS groups decreased. In addition, after freeze-thaw treatment, photosynthesis was weakened, and internal CO2 conentration (C i ) in FAS group significantly decreased (P <0.05). This study proved that appropriate amount of artemisinin can alleviate the damage of salt and freeze-thaw stress on barley seedlings.

Coupling Effect of Strain Rate and Freeze-Thaw Temperature on Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Fractal Characteristic of Saturated Yellow Sandstone

Strain rate is not only an important influence factor for deformation property but also an important parameter for analyzing the dynamic mechanical behavior of rock material. In this study, the dynamic compressive mechanical properties of saturated yellow sandstone at four strain rates and six freeze-thaw temperatures are investigated by using the SHPB test system. The coupling effect of strain rate and freeze-thaw temperatures on the mechanical parameters of rock material are discussed in detail, and the relationship formula of peak strain and dissipated energy with strain rate and freeze-thaw temperature are also established. Finally, the fractal dimension characteristic of fracture specimens with the strain rate and temperature are analyzed by using the fractal dimension method. The research results indicate that (1) with the increase of strain rate, the increase speed of peak strain, peak strength, and dissipated energy at medium strain rate level was obviously higher than that at high strain rate level, indicating that the strain rate effect weakened at high strain rate. (2) Freeze-thaw temperature can improve the brittleness-ductile transformation rate of saturated specimens. (3) According to the strain rate sensitivity coefficient, at room temperature, the strain rate effects on peak strain and peak strength are weakest, while at -20°C ~ -30°C, they are most significant. In addition, the strain rate effect on dissipated energy is significant at room temperature, while weakest at -30°C. (4) The fractal dimension gradually increases with strain rate increasing or freeze-thaw temperature decreasing, indicating that the freeze-thaw environment has a positive function for increasing the damage and fracture degree of specimens for saturated specimen. Our research results can provide an extremely important theoretical basis for the dynamic disaster prevention and structural design of rock engineering in cold regions.

Damage Evolution of Concrete Piles Mixed with Admixtures in Marine Corrosion and Freeze-Thaw Environment

Marine corrosion and freeze-thaw environment will bring serious damage to marine concrete structures, leading to affect the safety and service life of structures. With the help of artificial climate and environment simulation laboratory, the variation of the compression strength and elastic modulus of concrete with the number of freeze-thaw cycles and corrosion time under the corrosion and freeze-thaw environment is studied. The results show that both of them firstly increase and then decrease with corrosion time. When the corrosion time is 270 d and the freeze-thaw time is 90 times, the strength of concrete decreases by 13% and the elastic modulus decreases by 5%. Then, based on the theory of damage mechanics, the damage evolution and constitutive model of concrete under the marine corrosion and freeze-thaw environment are established. Compared with the experimental results, it is found that the model can well describe the damage evolution characteristics of concrete under marine corrosion and freeze-thaw environment. Finally, a numerical model is established on the basis of elastic modulus and strength degradation model of concrete under marine corrosion and freeze-thaw environment. Elevated pile caps of concrete pile component are taken as an example to analyze the process of damage, and the change rules of displacement, deformation, and damage of concrete pile are obtained.

Multi-scale analysis of sustainable service performance for porous asphalt pavement in Sponge City under freeze-thaw environment

ABSTRACT In order to analyze the effects of freeze-thaw environment, multi-scale analysis (macro to micro) was applied to study the sustainable service performance for porous asphalt pavement in Sponge City (PASC). Based on the molecular simulation theory, the asphalt-water (ice) interaction was studied at the micro in the paper. Combined with the results of temperature melting and contact angle in macro experiments, the sustainable service performance for PASC under freeze-thaw environment was explained in multi-scale. The results show that the effects of freeze-thaw environment on PASC’s sustainable service performance are multi-scale. It is a process from macro to micro, including the fluctuation of interface transition zone, the change of contact angle, the melting of pore ice, the service performance of porous asphalt pavement and the sustainability of Sponge City. Additionally, the aging effect reduces the recovery ability of the service performance for PASC. The critical temperature (0°C) is more sensitive to the interaction between aged asphalt and water (ice). The research results reveal the multi-scale correlation of sustainable service performance for PASC, which has certain theoretical significance and practical value for the application and exploration of Sponge City in freeze-thaw region.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Transmission Line Galloping under the Action of Freezing and Thawing in Variable Temperature Range

The western part of our country is mostly alpine regions. The rock and soil have been in a strong natural freeze-thaw environment for a long time, and their physical and mechanical properties are easily affected by external loads and external surroundings. Changes due to the influence of the environment will inevitably produce freeze-thaw cycles, damage and destruction, expansion and fracture, etc., resulting in more stable factors than usual. However, there is a lack of theoretical and practical experience in freeze-thaw rocks, especially freeze-thaw hard rocks. Therefore, studying the physical and mechanical properties and damage characteristics of rocks in alpine regions under freeze-thaw cycles has important significance. This paper uses dacite in the alpine region to carry out a freeze-thaw cycle experiment in a variable temperature range. Freezing and thawing cycle test, uniaxial compression test, triaxial compression test, and electron microscope scanning of the rock in the indoor saturated state were carried out. Combining theory with experimental mechanics, freeze-thaw mechanics, and damage mechanics, we studied freeze-thaw cycle in three variable temperature ranges (−20°C–15°C; −30°C–15°C; −40°C–15°C), along with the physical and mechanical properties and damage characteristics of freeze-thaw dacite in the alpine region under cycling. The damage curve of the final theoretical model gradually approaches 1.0 with the increase of strain during the actual test. The rock sample after the medium failure still has a certain bearing capacity, and the rock sample is often destroyed before it reaches the theoretical failure strain.

Study on the performance of low water-binder ratio cement mortar with excavated soil exposed to NaCl freeze-thaw environment

In this paper the mechanical strengths (compressive and flexural strengths) of cement mortar with subway excavated soil and low water-binder are studied. Moreover, the following NaCl freeze-thaw resistance is investigated. The water-binder ratio of cement mortar is 0.3 and the corresponding soil-cement ratios are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The mass and mechanical strengths losses, the loss of the relative dynamic elastic modulus and permeability coefficient of chloride ions are determined during freeze-thaw cycles. Besides, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos of cement mortar are observed to study soil’s influence on the microstructures of cement mortar and x-ray diffraction is determined to study the crystal composition. Results show that the mass and mechanical strengths losses and the permeability coefficient of chloride ions increase in the form of quadratic function with that of the number of freeze-thaw cycles. However, the relationship between the relative dynamic elastic modulus and freeze-thaw cycles is quadratic function. Additionally, the relationship between the permeability coefficient of chloride ions and freeze-thaw cycles fits positive linear function. Moreover, the mechanical strengths and freeze-thaw resistance of cement mortar are deteriorated with soil introduction. The cement mortar with a soil content of 5% exhibits the lowest strength and the worst freeze-thaw resistance, but a high soil content of 15% displays that the mortar with low water-binder ratio and soil content shows the best freeze-thaw resistance.