Abstract
In recent decade, researchers have more attention to water resource protection and forward the concept of sponge city construction. PC is becoming more and more popular as a rainwater management tool because of fast climate changes worldwide. In this experiment, PC specimens were prepared with steel slag as aggregate, and the targeted porosity of specimens was 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively, and the ratio of water to cement was 0.38, 0.4, and 0.42. The PC specimens under the 200 mm high head are the most severely blocked; 0.283 m/s high‐speed horizontal runoff appears after the rapid plugging stage later in the other two types of speed tests. With time, the plugging effect of the test specimen is almost the same; the clogging degree of the PC sample with the porosity of 25% is more obvious than that of other porosity test specimens. The PC with large porosity is more serious to clogging because the higher seepage velocity will enter the internal tunnel with higher penetration force, which increases the possibility of clogging. Tests have shown that, at different rainwater runoff head heights, the PC specimens under the 200 mm high head are the most severely blocked; 0.283 m/s high‐speed horizontal runoff appears after the rapid plugging stage later in the other two types of speed tests but over time. With time, the plugging effect of the test specimen was almost the same; the clogging degree of the permeable concrete sample with the porosity of 25% is more obvious than that of other porosity test specimens. While it is noticed that the compressive strength of the PC after clogging has decreased in the freeze‐thaw environment, the destruction process is faster than the unblocked test specimen.
Highlights
Permeable concrete pavement (PCP) is the type of concrete that features an open network of pores to allow penetrating the rainwater through the concrete pavement to the base/subbase [4–8]. e pore-clogging of PC is the most prominent problem in the use of PC [9]
I Ashw where k is the permeability coefficient of PC specimen, v1 is the water flow velocity in the PC specimen, v2 is the water flow velocity in the outlet pipe, i is the hydraulic gradient, L is the height of the test specimen, hw is the head loss after water flowing through the PC
Due to the surface runoff with different flow rates generated by heavy rains, the blocking material will aggravate the clogging of the permeable concrete under the synergistic effect of surface runoff
Summary
Due to the rapid urbanization and increasing consumption of natural resources, researchers are investigating various strategies to protect and restore natural ecosystems around the world to avail an economical and environmentally friendly way [1–3]. Silt, and clay sediments and cause clogging from surrounding areas [16], including waste from roads or other areas carried through a vehicle, small particles produced on the pavement due to surface wear or other degradation, and organic matter from plants [11, 17]. E suspended particles can block the pores of PCP, like debris and sediment in the surface runoff causing to reduce the permeability and reducing the age of PC [17, 37], and the compressive strength is generally between 3.5 MPa and 30 MPa. PC has been widely used in drainage facilities of municipal roads, park sidewalks, parking lots, and other places [38]. PCP can considerably advantage the environment in urban sites, which can reduce the rainwater runoff quantity and can improve the quality of water regarding total [39, 40]. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to analyze the influence of three factors, namely, the height of rainwater runoff, the horizontal runoff velocity, and the porosity, on the clogging of PC
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