Freestyle Wrestlers Research Articles

Влияние срочного тренировочного эффекта на показатели адаптации у квалифицированных борцов вольного стиля

An analysis of the results of assessing the urgent training effect of qualified freestyle wrestlers in the preparatory period of the annual training cycle is given. As parameters for the analysis of the urgent training effect, subjective and objective research methods were used, such as a change in the resting heart rate, an athlete's assessment of readiness to train, the ratio of fatigue to recovery, an assessment of the training day by the coach, and a biochemical blood test to clarify the level of the creatine phosphokinase enzyme. The results of the control of the urgent training effect according to the four-component scale indicate that the athletes recover sufficiently and have an average readiness to train. To assess the objective indicators of the urgent training effect, documentary materials were analyzed – the results of a biochemical blood test for the concentration of the creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzyme. Determination of the total activity of CPK in the blood serum after exercise makes it possible to assess the degree of damage to the cells of the muscular system, myocardium, and other organs. The higher the stress (severity) of the transferred load for the body, the greater the damage to cell membranes, the greater the release of the enzyme into the peripheral blood.In most wrestlers, the creatine phosphokinase index corresponds to the average index of physical activity stress and does not represent negative changes in the biochemical component of the athletes' body. Consequently, in these athletes, the urgent training effect has been successfully implemented. Athletes were identified whose stress level in terms of CPK is above average and high, which corresponds to the body’s underrecovery after previous loads, respectively, subsequent training loads will deplete the body’s reserve capabilities and will not cause an increase in the wrestlers’ body fitness.

Tabata protocol-based high-intensity interval training in freestyle wrestlers

Background and Study Aim. The physical attributes of muscular strength and endurance are essential for wrestlers to perform successfully. For the development of these physical qualities, high intensity interval training (HIIT) using kettlebell strength exercises is appropriate. The purpose of this study was to develop a kettlebell HIIT program for wrestlers and evaluate the results on strength and endurance. Material and Methods. Eight freestyle wrestlers who participated in the Bulgarian Wrestling Championships (age: 22.0±2.17 years, wrestling experience: 9.9±2.80 years) were included in the study. Measurements included height, weight, 8 circumferences, 8 skinfolds, and BMI, body fat percentage (%BF), and skeletal muscle mass percentage (%SMM). The wrestlers engaged in an HIIT circuit that involved four rounds of 16 kg kettlebells and eight exercises, each lasting 20 seconds to complete and 10 seconds to recover between. Polar H7 was used to continually record heart rate (HR). At rest, before, immediately after, and 15 minutes after the HIIT, blood lactate concentration (La) was assessed. Each exercise's number of repetitions was noted. Results. The wrestlers' average height was 175.2±7.45 cm, their average weight was 85.1±13.38 kg, and their average BMI was 27.6 kg/m2. The SMM was 42.1±2.39%, and the BF was 10.3±3.98%. Heart rate (HR) exhibited a pattern of elevation from rest to warm-up and during circle 1 to 4, followed by a decrease 10 minutes after HIIT. Lactate levels (La) displayed an upward trend from rest to before HIIT, a significant increase after HIIT, and a decrease 15 minutes after HIIT. Conclusions. As shown by the fact that each wrestler's HR during the kettlebell HIIT was above 75% of HRmax and that La was above the anaerobic threshold (>4 mmol/L), the created kettlebell HIIT, when used 5 times per week for eight weeks as part of the wrestlers' training, can improve their endurance.

Performance of wrestlers at the Olympic Games: gender aspect

Background and Study Aim. With the increasing popularity of freestyle wrestling, the scientific community is paying more attention to gender factors that may influence the performance and success of competitive activities.
 The aim of study to determine differences in performance indicators between male and female wrestlers in the Olympic Games 2021.
 Material and Methods. The study included 192 athletes, consisting of 96 male wrestlers and 96 female wrestlers. An analysis of match records and video footage was conducted for women's (n=113) and freestyle (n=114) wrestling at the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games. The assessment of performance indicators utilized an expert evaluation method. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using licensed Excel spreadsheet software. For categorical data, results were expressed in absolute numbers and percentages.
 Results. Based on the analysis of competitive activities at the 2021 Olympic Games, 12 primary technical-tactical actions were identified. The most frequently employed actions were in the standing position: leg attacks, with male wrestlers performing it 35.8% of the time and female wrestlers 30.3%; in the ground position, male wrestlers employed gut wrench (7.6%), while female wrestlers used ankle lace (9.4%). It was found that male wrestlers and female wrestlers accumulated approximately the same number of points for their actions: male wrestlers (926 points) and female wrestlers (912 points). The effectiveness in the standing position was higher for male wrestlers (720 points) than for female wrestlers (621 points). In the ground positions, female wrestlers demonstrated better effectiveness (291 points) than male wrestlers (206 points). The number of points deducted for rule violations was significantly lower for female wrestlers (8 times) compared to male wrestlers (27 times). Time stoppages during challenge reviews were fewer for female wrestlers (7 times) compared to male wrestlers (18 times).
 Conclusions. The conducted research indicates differences in the performance indicators of freestyle wrestling between men and women. Male wrestlers employ more actions in the standing position (81.7%) than female wrestlers (70.7%). Correspondingly, female wrestlers execute more actions in the ground positions (29.3%) compared to male wrestlers (18.3%). The total number of actions performed is higher for male wrestlers (579) than for female wrestlers (518). Female wrestlers achieve more premature victories (32.7% of all matches) compared to male wrestlers (24.6%). The obtained results will assist coaches in better adapting to gender differences and developing specific training programs for athletes.

Studying the Influence of the Relationship of the Menarche's Debut and the time of Starting Sports

The article presents data on the study of the timing of the first menarche in 143 athletes of puberty age - representatives of various sports (artistic gymnastics - 15 athletes, rhythmic gymnastics - 14, volleyball - 19, basketball - 17, cycling - 13, rowing and canoe - 12, freestyle wrestling - 15, taekwondo - 14, boxing - 13, athletics (middle distance running) - 11 people) in comparison with the general population age and sex group of 145 people. The relationship between the timing of the formation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle in female athletes and the time of starting sports was established. The dynamics of the formation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle has been determined. It was revealed that in each of the groups presented, the female athletes had an extended period for the debut of menarche and the onset of the establishment of the ovarian-menstrual cycle. The most influencing on violations of the debut of menarche and the formation of ovarian-menstrual cycle among athletes are such sports as artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, rowing and canoeing. The time of the beginning of sports activities and the time of the onset of menarche in the aggregate are an etiological factor that causes disturbances in the dynamics of the formation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle and a malfunction in the reproductive system of athletes in general and is the result of the body's adaptation to the physical and psychological stresses corresponding to these sports.

Development of physical qualities of teenage freestyle wrestlers

This article deals with issues aimed at the development of free wrestling in the adolescent period of child development. One of the most difficult, it is not for nothing that it is called "transitional" and "turning point", "difficult" or even "critical". These names fully reflect the complexity and importance of the processes taking place in this age period. The transition from childhood to adulthood is the main content of this period. At this age, qualitatively striking changes occur, mental and physical elements of growing up appear. Hormonal restructuring of the body leads to changes in self- awareness, communication with adults and peers, changes in ways of communicating with the surrounding world, emergence of new interests. A new look at the content of moral and ethical norms that shape behavior, activity and communication with others is emerging.
 A distinctive feature of the development of modern freestyle wrestling is the growth of athleticism and general physical training of athletes. The main condition for the high efficiency of physical training of wrestlers in the adolescent period is a strict accounting of the age and individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of athletes and individual stages of adolescent development, characteristic of this period.
 Sports training, as a separate type of physical training, is a specially organized and consciously managed pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to improve or maintain at the required level basic and special developed physical qualities, various motor skills and abilities, high functional capabilities of human organs and systems, as well as knowledge related to them.
 General physical training is a process of harmonious development of the main physical qualities that have a positive effect on achieving results in a specific sport and the effectiveness of building the training process as a whole.

Changes in the oxidative-antioxidant status of blood in freestyle wrestlers under the influence of physical exertion

Purpose of the study: to evaluate the “lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection” system in freestyle wrestlers under the influence of intense physical activity in order to identify the nature of oxidative processes and the antioxidant status of the athletes’ body.Materials and methods: the study involved athletes — freestyle wrestlers, boys 18–22 years old, with sports qualifications: candidate master of sports or master of sports, regularly involved in freestyle wrestling. The control group consisted of students who did not have a sports category and were not involved in sports activities, comparable in gender, age, weight category with the comparison group. The material for the study was plasma and red blood cells. Blood sampling from athletes was carried out twice, at the end of the preparatory and competitive periods, in the morning, on an empty stomach from the ulnar vein, in accordance with generally accepted requirements. Components of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.Results: it was found that in athletes after intense physical activity (competitive period), there is a significantly significant decrease in substrates with double bonds by 61 %, primary products by 59 % and intermediate products by 44 %, an increase in the final products of lipid peroxidation by 25 % against the background of inhibition activity of antioxidant protection components: retinol by 40 %, superoxide dismutase by 7 % and reduced glutathione by 11 %.Conclusion: The level of free radical processes increases during physical activity due to the accumulation of oxygen in organs and tissues, and depends on the intensity and duration of the exercise. In the course of the study, it was established that the preparatory and competitive periods, in comparison with the control group, among freestyle wrestlers, depending on the previous level of physical activity, are characterized by activation of lipid peroxidation processes and inhibition of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection. The established changes are recommended to be taken into account when conducting comprehensive rehabilitation of athletes, when developing recommendations for improving the training process, as well as when using antioxidant complexes for athletes aimed at restoring various parts of the body’s antioxidant defense.

Complex use of cycleand power-ergometry in determining the physical working capacity of young athletes

The aim of this study is to scientifically substantiate the possibilities of complex use of cycle- and power-ergometry in determining aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic performance of power nature.
 Materials and methods. Young athletes (boys) aged 15–16 (n = 91) of the Brovary Higher School of Physical Education (Kyiv region) (experimental group), who participated in the study, were divided into two groups. Group А (n = 47) – speed-power sports (boxing, freestyle wrestling); group B (n = 44) – endurance sports (track and field athletics: 800, 1500, 3000 and 5000-meters race, bicycle racing 50 and 75 km). Sports experience was 3–5 years and more. The control group (group К) consisted of students aged 15–16, who did not play sports (n = 25). Physical working capacity was determined using two methods: submaximal cycle ergometric test PWC170 and submaximal power ergometric test PWC170. Method of power ergometry (patent of Ukraine No 49417) has no analogues in countries of near and far abroad.
 Results. The fact of the specific influence of different kinds of dosed physical exercises (strength and power exercises) on PWC170 indicators was established. Thus, no probable differences in aerobic performance indicators were found in wrestlers and boxers during the cycle ergometric test. And conversely, under the conditions of power ergometric testing, we find a significant increase in their PWC170 indicators in relation to athletes of endurance sports. The opposite character of changes was observed when testing the track and field athletes and bike riders. According to the results of the conducted cycle ergometry, these athletes had a significant increase in aerobic performance indicators in comparison with the athletes of speed-power sports. However, the changes of anaerobic-aerobic performance were not significant. It was observed that the adolescents, who did not play sports, had statistically insignificant changes in PWC170 indicators both in the conditions of cycle ergometric and power ergometric testing.
 Conclusions. The fact of specific influence of different types of training exercises on the body functions of adolescents was confirmed. The possibility of introducing the methods of complex use of aerobic (cycle ergometry) and anaerobic-aerobic loads (power-ergometry) into the practice of medico-biological control of young athletes is shown. Diagnostics of various types of physical working capacity (PWC170) will provide the coach with operational information about the functional state of the athletes’ body, which will allow to effectively manage a training process.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO INJURY PREVENTION IN FREESTYLE WRESTLING

The aim of this study was to explore methodological approaches of preventing injuries in freestyle wrestling. The analysis of the sources of the literature under study allows us to draw the following conclusions: prevention of sports injuries involves a number of organizational and methodological measures: continuous improvement of material and technical support, improvement of the conditions of training sessions and competitions, systematic professional development of sports doctors and coaches, compliance with the rules of medical control, improvement of physical, technical and tactical training, moral qualities of athletes, health promotion. From a pedagogical and methodological point of view, it is necessary to introduce into the training process special training on injury prevention at all stages of long-term training aimed at achieving and maintaining an optimal level of flexibility and targeted strengthening of the musculoskeletal system. The optimal level of flexibility is characterized by the fact that the available momentum of specific movements is slightly larger than the width of competitive exercises - the so-called "flexibility reserve", which minimizes the resistance to stretched muscles, so that the exercise is performed without excessive tension and reduces the possibility of injury in similar positions in competitive wrestling. For targeted strengthening of the musculoskeletal system, it is advisable to apply measures aimed at strengthening different parts of the spine, shoulder girdle, knee, tibiofemoral joints and increasing the elasticity of muscles and ligaments. The sets of exercises compiled for these purposes should be used throughout the entire sport career, including them in pre-training, the final part of the lesson, as well as in specialized and individual classes.

Сучасні технології для визначення ланок тіла борців

Purpose: to determine the effectiveness of using modern computer vision technologies to determine the body parts of wrestlers in competitive activities. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of scientific and methodical literature and Internet sources, analysis of video and images with the help of computer vision (Computer Vision, Machine Learning), methods of mathematical statistics. The final bout in the 65 kg weight category at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics in freestyle wrestling was chosen for analysis. The total number of video fragments was 1763 images. The Yolo machine learning model was used to detect faces, and Google's MediaPipe model was used to detect body parts. For each athlete, 21 body parts were identified. Results: the accuracy of identifying athletes' body parts was obtained: all indicators were above 78 %. The results of the analysis showed that the lower limbs are better identified: hip, knee, ankle, etc. The identification accuracy is above 90%. At the same time, the identification accuracy of the upper limbs is lower. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that athletes spend a sufficient amount of time in the grip and preparing for an attack during the fight. During this time, certain parts of the upper limbs are closed for identification. Analysis of the results of the number of unidentified images showed a similar trend to the identification accuracy. Most of the unidentified body parts were associated with the upper limbs (more than 25 %). At the same time, 10 to 12 % of the body parts associated with the delicate limbs were not identified. Conclusions. The analysis of results of the use of modern technologies of computer vision for determination of links of a body of wrestlers in competitive activity is carried out. The algorithm for studying the body parts of athletes had two stages: the first stage is to determine the area of the image fragment (video) where the athletes are located and the second is to determine the body parts of each wrestler. At the first stage of the study, it was possible to identify both athletes in 79,5 % of the images. The analysis of the accuracy of the athletes' body parts identification showed that the body parts of the lower limbs are better identified than those of te right limbs. This is due to the peculiarity of competitive activity. The visual analysis of the images showed that a certain part of the identified links do not coincide with the actual location of the athletes' body links.

Psychological preparation of freestyle wrestlers during competitions

The article examines issues related to the construction of a training process in freestyle wrestling, paying attention to psychological preparation during competitions. Organization and formation of loads, use of technical elements and exercises to improve sports form according to sports qualification and training period.
 In sports wrestling (freestyle wrestling), the conditions of competitions differ from the conditions of training classes. Coaches and psychologists must train athletes not only physically and tactically, but also develop in them the ability to resist many pre-competition and competitive factors that have a disorganizing effect and cause inconsistency of functions, that is, reduce reliability in competitive activities.
 Before the responsible start, an attitude related to the expectation of the most likely result of the competition is formed. Often, the setting of tasks is formed on an unconscious level. However, the more complex the future activity is in terms of its structure, the more conscious, volitional components prevail in the formed attitude.
 Overcoming the maximum muscle effort, fatigue in the process of fighting, the wrestler shows volitional efforts, taking into account which willpower qualities develop depending on the difficulty. This is especially significant for juniors, who still have fully developed moral and psychological qualities, which have self-regulation techniques, so necessary in the struggle.
 Tension in sports activities can be not only emotional, but also operational. Operational tension arises as a result of the complexity of the work performed, emotional tension - as a result of the action of negative emotional irritants.
 It has been established that only under the conditions of training load, adequate psychotype of the athlete, the reactivity of the central nervous system increases and the mechanisms of ensuring effective sports activity in extreme conditions, which, in fact, are accompanied by any competitions, are improved.

Free wrestling: a series of morphological index values and anatomical and anthropometric indicators in young female athletes involved in freestyle wrestling

In this research article, the author presents the results and their analysis, directly related to some anatomical and anthropometric indicators and some morpho-functional indices in a group of young female athletes, puberty and youth, engaged in free wrestling. The results obtained and their analysis may have applied practical significance in the preparation and medical supervision of other athletes of this age group.

Occupational Therapy Program for sportsmen (veterans) who specialize in Sambo wrestling of the "Masters" category

According to the Results of the analysis of Scientific-Methodical, Special and reference literature by the members of the Scientific Research Group, it was established that insufficient number of Scientific works are devoted to the urgent issue of the organization of the System of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy of athletes of older age groups (veterans) who specialize in wrestling (Martial Arts). This emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of Scientific Research. The main goal of the study is to develop an occupational Therapy Program for athletes of older age groups (veterans) who specialize in Sambo wrestling after knee joint injuries. Research Methods: axiomatic, idealization, historical and logical, descent from concrete, formalization (experience of physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy).
 As a result of an Empirical study, an Occupational Therapy Program was developed for wrestlers of older age groups (Veterans «Masters category») who specialize in Sambo wrestling after knee joint injuries. The Results of the empirical Research are implemented in the System of Physical Therapy of veteran athletes who Specialize in Sports types of wrestling (Judo, Sambo wrestling, Freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling). Prospects for further Research in the chosen field of Scientific Research involve the determination of factors that affect the longevity of an individual in the chosen type of sports (combat).

The effect of technical training on physical parameters of 11-14 years old freestyle wrestlers

In the study conducted on two groups who regularly practised freestyle wrestling 5 days a week, the mean age of the experimental group was 12.54±0.82 (year), mean body weight was 48.36±8.23 (kg) and mean height was 156.18±8.58 (cm). In the control group, mean age was 13.62±0.33 (year), mean body weight was 47.43±6.65 (kg) and mean height was 158.24±2.26 (cm). The aim of the study was to determine the physical changes of adolescent wrestlers after the technical training. In the method of the study, subcutaneous fat thickness was measured after anthropometric measurements; biceps, triceps, subscapular, pectoral, abdominal, iliac, quadriceps and calf regions were measured. Body circumference measurements: Shoulder, single shoulder, arm excitation circumference, arm contraction, forearm excitation, chest circumference, chest inspiration circumference and chest expression circumference, abdomen, hip, thigh and calf circumferences were measured. The results obtained from the pre-post test data were obtained by applying Paired t-test. The pre-post test subcutaneous measurement results of the experimental group wrestlers; subscapular, biceps, triceps, pectoral, abdominal, suprailiac, tnigh parameters have a significant relationship in the pre-post test results (p0.05). No significant difference was found between the pre-post test data of single shoulder and calf circumference measurements. Considering the results, it was observed that technical training in freestyle wrestling contributed positively to the physical development of adolescent wrestlers.

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOVEMENT CONTROL ABILITIES IN VARIOUS KINDS OF WRESTLING

Main directions of the research in wrestling are related to the clarification of technical, physical, psychological preparation of athletes, early specialization, competitive activity and many other issues. Today, the problem of wrestlers’ movement control in connection with beginners and qualified athletes needs to be studied. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of the development of the ability to manage young Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers’ movements. It was revealed that the main results of the evaluation of short and long segments of Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers were not significantly different from each other. The differences between the data of the same characteristics of the athletes of the two kinds of wrestling are small, unreliable and amount to 0.05 and 0.04 seconds, respectively. No significant differences were found between Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers in wrist and torso muscle control data. In both kinds of wrestling, young athletes control the muscular movements of the wrist more precisely than of the torso. This is most evident in the data of Greco-Roman wrestlers. There were no significant differences between short and long segments of time, as well as wrist and torso muscle control indicators of young Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers. It was revealed that as compared to schoolchildren of the same age who do not do sports, young wrestlers control short and long periods more accurately, as well as wrist muscle strength, except for freestyle wrestlers.

Аналіз виступів збірної команди України з вільної боротьби на чемпіонатах світу та Європи U23

Purpose: to analyze the performances of the Ukrainian national team at the U23 World and European Championships. Material and Methods. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of scientific and methodical literature and Internet sources, analysis of competitive activity, methods of mathematical statistics. The performances of the athletes of the national team of Ukraine at all U23 World and European Championships in freestyle wrestling were analyzed. During the international competitions in the U23 age category, seven European Championships (from 2015 to 2023) and five World Championships (from 2017 to 2022) were held. During this time, 64 athletes of the national team of Ukraine took part in the U23 European Championships and 48 athletes in the U23 World Championships. The following indicators were considered: the place taken, the number of athletes and the year of performance. Results: the total number of medalists at the U23 European Championships is 20 (31,3 %) athletes, of which 4 (6,3 %) athletes took the first place, 6 (9,4 %) athletes took the second place and 10 (15,6 %) athletes took the third place. At the same time, a significant number of athletes took fifth place (19 athletes or 29,7 %). From seventh to ninth place, 12 athletes took the seventh place, which is 18,8 % of the total number. The tenth place and below was taken by 13 athletes (or 20,3 %), which is also a significant share of the total number and indicates high competition. According to the analyzed information, at the U23 World Championships in freestyle wrestling, only one athlete out of 48 athletes of the national team of Ukraine took the first place, which is 2,1 % of the total. The 12 athletes who took third place account for 25,0 % of the total number of athletes. The athletes who took fifth and seventh places also make up 25,0 % of the total number. These are also promising athletes who were close to winning prizes. The 3 athletes in eighth place account for 6,25 % of the total number of athletes, and the 4 athletes in ninth place account for 8,33 %. Finally, the 16 athletes who took tenth place and below account for 33,33 % of the total number of athletes. Conclusions. The national team of Ukraine in freestyle wrestling at international U23 competitions has stable results, the athletes have always won prizes at all continental and world championships. The analysis showed that the percentage of winners from the total number of athletes who participated may vary depending on the preparation and performance of the team at a particular tournament. Thus, the percentage of winners at the championships ranged from 25,0 % to 40,0 %, while at the world championships from 20,0 % to 40,0 %.

THE METHODOLOGY OF TRAINING BACKWARD BENDING THROWS TO FREESTYLE WRESTLERS AT THE AGE OF 11-12

The relevance of this work is dictated by the fact that backward bending throws are highly effective, they can be performed in combination with various foot actions, as well as combined with many other wrestling techniques. The aim of the research is to develop an efficient method of teaching backward bending throws for freestyle wrestlers at the age of 11-12, contributing to the rapid and tough formation of motor skill. Study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, questionnaires, pedagogical testing, and mathematical statistics were used in the research. With the help of pedagogical testing, changes in the speed and strength capabilities of muscle groups involved in performing backward bending throw occurring during training in the above-mentioned throws were studied. The analysis of the results of the experiment showed that there were positive changes in the speed capabilities of the wrestlers included in the experimental and test groups. In particular, the difference between the results shown in the first and third exercises is reliable, and in the second exercise, it is not. From the analysis of the testing conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of backward bending throw, it became clear that the efficiency of the experimental group considerably differs from the efficiency of the monitoring group. Backward bending throws are basic tricks. In the process of training backward bending throws, positive shifts in the speed capabilities of the trainees are noted. Educational bouts and basic tactical actions contribute to improving the effectiveness of training backward bending throws.

Teaching wrestling at school: proposal of a new pedagogical approach based on games for learning of technical moves

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of the game based on educational method and technical approach on the performance of legs attacks in free-style wrestling.
 Material and Methods. The type of research was semi-experimental. Participants included 20 boys’ students who were divided into two groups based on the game-based approach (10) and technical training (10). The teaching unit was a format of 12 lessons over 4 weeks (2 days per week). Each lesson lasted 60 minutes. At the end of each training session, the participants played benchmark bouts, one on one, for 2 x 6 minutes. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software at a significance level of 0.05.
 Results. The results showed that both the game-based and technical approach groups had a significant improvement in successful leg attacks in free-style wrestling. With regard to the preparation of leg attacks, there was no improvement for the technical approach group. However, the game-based group had a significant improvement in the total number of attacks compared to the technical group.
 Conclusions. The results suggest that the use of a game-based educational method can significantly increase the important factors of wrestling performance related to leg attacks in young wrestlers. Teachers can connect actions from other technical movements from the same family of leg attacks.

The temporal structure of male freestyle wrestling bouts in 65, 86 and 125 kg categories.

In freestyle wrestling, how regulatory breaks and micro pauses affect the efforts during combat has been studied very little. The objective of the study was to determine the temporal structure of fights in male freestyle wrestling in the 65, 86 and 125 kg categories. All wrestlers from the categories (n = 115) who competed in the 2019 senior wrestling world championship (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan) participated. Using observational methodology, we analyzed all fights (n = 127). We used different statistical techniques: descriptive, normality tests, Kruskall-Wallis, one-way ANOVA and chi-square. The significance level was ρ<0.05. The results show that most fights finish in the last minute (73.5% in 65 kg, 74.5% in 86 kg and 80.6% in 125 kg) and the total fight time is consumed (67.3% in 65 kg, 70.2% in 86 kg and 77.4% in 125 kg). Differences in 18 variables were found when comparing the three weights were found in the temporal and sequential parameters of the combat. When we compare these parameters to the different fight minutes, we find that there are differences in 17 variables in 65 kg, 20 variables in 86 kg and 10 variables in 125 kg. The results define a temporal structure of male freestyle wrestling bouts in the three categories, and therefore, it will be possible to prepare adequate trainings for these athletes. We conclude that in the three weight categories, they wrestle longer standing than while on the ground. There are clear differences between the three categories. In the 125 kg category, the temporal and sequential parameters are more stable throughout the different minutes of the fight, and in 65 and 86 kg, there is an instability. In the three weights, the regulatory break modulates the duration of the pauses and the actions performed by the wrestlers in different fight minutes.

Methods of training free style wrestlers with the improvement of individual mental characteristics

The article examines the problem of training freestyle wrestlers, taking into account the individual characteristics of the psyche at the pre-competitive stage of training. Freestyle athletes aged 15-17 in the number of 32 people participating in the research participated in the sports section of the public organization "SKVB "Kolisey"" in Kharkiv. The mental status of the wrestlers was determined using the computer technology "D&amp;K-TEST". An experimental method of training freestyle wrestlers is presented, taking into account the individual properties of the psyche. The methodology includes determining the types of temperament of freestyle wrestlers, characterizing the psychological status, methods of psychoregulation, stages of formation of a state of mental readiness, and pedagogical techniques used to implement methods of psychoregulation. The effectiveness of the technique is confirmed by the study of the state of mental readiness, personal and situational anxiety, psycho-emotional state and the effectiveness of the competitive activity of wrestlers. Four groups of athletes are defined: strong mobile sanguino-cholerics, strong inert (phlegmato- choleric), weak inert (melancholic) and strong and weak inert (sanguino-choleric). As part of the experimental methodology, self- training was offered to all wrestlers, which included the stages, content and dosage of the basic formulas of self-training. In order to improve the emotional state of wrestlers before competitions and between bouts, meditation and breathing techniques were used for sanguine-choleric and phlegmatic-choleric patients. Self-suggestion methods were used to regulate the mental state of melancholics. For all athletes, attention was focused on increasing individual motivation and personal responsibility for future sports results, psychological relief measures were included.

SPORTIVE STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE IMMUNE STATE OF ATHLETES DEALING WITH FREESTYLE WRESTLING

The article is dedicated to the study of the effect of physical loads on the maintenance and functional activity of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood system of freestyle wrestlers in the dynamics of the training macrocycle. Because of the impact from physical loads, a decrease occurs in the content of lymphocytes and their functional activity is reduced. Those changes depend on the intensity of physical loads; they become maximal at the end of the competition period and minimal in the transition period. It may be assumed that the immune system plays a significant role in the adaptation of the body to significant physical loads. The results of the conducted study show that the characteristics of cellular immunity are formed in wrestlers already at an early stage of sports training. It happens partly because of the presence of static pathology, associated with the reaction to physical loads within the framework of the training process. An enhanced immunological examination of wrestlers with an assessment of the mitochondrial activity of the lymphocyte population enables us to evaluate the individual threshold level of physical loads, the excess of which leads to a disturbance of the immune metabolism. Therefore, the inclusion of an additional transitional period in the training macrocycle helps to a more complete recovery of the studied indicators.