Free Radical Lipid Oxidation Research Articles

Metabolism and Physiological Functions Adjustment of the Organism under Stress Influence

Stress reaction of the organism is a process occurring at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. The organism responds to any adverse effect with a multi-level reaction, which causes the development of stress and, as a result, adaptation. The damaging effect is due to the excessive strengthening of another adaptive effect – lipotropic, that increases the activity of phospholipases and the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids through the catecholamines and protein kinases. The changes in the immune system during the adaptation stage are to maintain antigenic homeostasis of the internal environment of the organism due to lymphoid cells, lymphocytes and cytokines. Almost all cells with antigen representation function are capable to produce interleukins under certain conditions. The vascular system is a kind of an indicator of any pathological process, determining the state of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms, the features of the connective tissue matrix. Stress causes a restructuring of metabolism and physiological functions, which increases the organism’s resistance to acute death. Thus, the physiological meaning of the stress reaction is the emergency mobilization of energy and structural resources of the organism and the creation of positive background for the implementation of reactions, aimed at maintaining homeostasis in extreme situations.

Изучение патогенеза при диареях у телят

The state of lipid peroxidation, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant protection in young calves with a symptom complex of diarrhea was investigated. It was shown that in the acute period of the disease, the content of serum lipid peroxidation products increases, the body's supply of antioxidants decreases, and the antioxidant protection enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase of red blood cells are activated. It has been established that the intensity of the rapid chemiluminescence flash (ВI), which characterizes the presence of prooxidative factors in the serum, including lipid hydroperoxides, increased by the fifth day of the disease. At the same time, the light sum of chemiluminescence (∑i), which characterizes to a certain extent, the state of non-enzymatic antioxidant protection, has significantly increased. In the future, chemiluminescence decreases. By 15-25 days of life of animals, corresponding, according to clinical data, the recovery period, the values of ВI and ∑i did not differ from the initial level characteristic of the first day of life of calves. From the data obtained it follows that on the fifth day of the life of the calves, when the symptoms of the disease manifested themselves most vividly, the reliability of antioxidant protection decreased and the intensity of free radical lipid oxidation in the blood serum of calves diarrhea increased. The data are presented, the analysis of which showed that on the 15th day of life (1st group of calves) and on the 19th day (2nd group), the content of lipid hydroperoxides in the serum of sick calves increased almost 2 times relative to the level in healthy animals. At the same time, the peroxide resistance of erythrocytes, which reflects the availability of red blood cells and its body as a whole with antioxidants, significantly decreased. The obtained data allow us to consider the process of activation of free radical oxidation of membrane lipids as one of the mechanisms for the development of diarrhea in calves.

FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, FREE RADICAL, COAGULATION AND AGGREGATION PROPERTIES OF BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA

Introduction: In recent years in Ukraine, as in the entire world, there has been an increase in cases of domestic injuries with a raise in the number of patients with craniocerebral trauma and its consequences. The aim of our research was to study clinical symptoms, the state of free radical oxidation, aggregate and hemocoagulative properties of blood in patients with mild craniocerebral trauma. Materials and methods: We conducted comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 34 patients with mild craniocerebral trauma and 20 apparently healthy patients (the control group). The diagnosis was made under ICD-10. The verification of the diagnosis was based on data from clinical examination, neurological status of neuroimaging (computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging). The study group included 24 men and 10 women aged from 19 to 40. In addition, 20 apparently healthy individuals of the same age were examined, who comprised the control group (14 men and 6 women). In the blood parameters of all patients, we examined free radical oxidation, hemostasis and aggregation properties of platelets. Results: The conducted study revealed clinical disturbances, changes in the parameters of free radical lipid oxidation, coagulation and microcirculatory hemostasis. Conclusions: All patients with mild craniocerebral trauma, develop disturbances in the form of symptoms of microorganic lesion of the central nervous system: convergence weakness in 100% of patients, Mann's symptom (76.4%), disruption of the function of the cranial nerves (58.8%), signs of pyramidal insufficiency (68.4%), vestibular disorders (94.1%), autonomic vascular dysfunction (100%). Mild craniocerebral trauma is accompanied by the activation of free radical lipid oxidation processes, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, hypercoagulation, and increased aggregation properties of platelets.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЯНТАРНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И РЕАМБЕРИНА ПРИ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОМ СТРЕССЕ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ

The search and development of methods for correction of oxidative stress in conditions of exposure to adverse environmental factors is an actual problem of modern medicine. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ organism membranes was studied with the introduction of the succinic acid and of the succinate containing medication called Reamberin (Polysan, St. Petersburg). The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: the group with intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of the succinic acid in a dose of 100 mg/kg; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg (20 ml/kg). It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 48-53%), of diene conjugate (by 43-48%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 48-61%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the succinic acid to rats contributes to the significant decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 15-16%, of diene conjugates by 9-16%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 15% in comparison with the rats of the control group. The introduction of the succinate containing Reamberin to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the significant decrease of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood by 27-28%, of diene conjugates by 23-28%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 26-29% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the succinate containing drugs on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 25-32%, of vitamin E by 28-33% in comparison with the rats of the control group. So, the application of the succinate containing antioxidants in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation under experiment leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity. The intraabdominal introduction in laboratory animals of Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate prevents the accumulation of lipoperoxidation products and increases the activity of main components of the antioxidant system in rats’ blood plasma, which indirectly exceeds similar effect of succinic acid in a dose of 100 mg/kg in the conditions of oxidative stress.

THE INTENSITY OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE STATE OF THE FACTORS OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS THROUGH THE PRISM OF COMORBIDITY WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS AND OBESITY

Objective. To investigate the pathogenetic role of processes of free radical oxidation of lipids (FROL), oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) and factors of antioxidant defense (AOD) in development and mechanisms of mutual burden in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the context of comorbidities with osteoarthritis and obesity. Material and methods . 90 patients were divided into three groups: group I (n = 30) patients suffering from OA II-III for Kellgren and Lawrense with normal body mass (BMI = 21-25 kg / m 2 ), group II (n = 30) - patients with NASH and obesity without OA (BMI> 30 kg / m 2 ), group III (n = 30) - patients with OA with NASH and obesity (BMI more than 30 kg / m 2 ). The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals of the corresponding age. The average age of patients was (62,3 ± 5,7) years. Results. The peculiarity of the clinical course of NASH against the background of obesity and OA is the highest among the groups of comparing growth of MA content in plasma and Er - respectively in 1,97 and 2,12 times (p<0,05) compared with the normative ones. For patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity and osteoarthritis, the following changes in the content of intermediate molecular products of POL in the blood were: a possible increase in the content of IDB in the blood in 2,44 times; DC- in 2,92 times and the content of KCT in the blood – in 4,14 times (p <0,05). In addition, a probable increase in OMP intensity was found: the content of AKDNFHNC and AKDNFHMC exceeded the values in 2,40 and 1,85 times (p <0,05) respectively. In assessing the state of functioning of the AOP system for the comorbid flow of NASH, OB and OA, the maximum reduction in the content of GR - in 1,86 times (p <0,05) was established. Regarding the functioning of the glutathione dependent enzyme (glutathione peroxidase), the expected maximum increase in the enzyme activity was confirmed in 1,72 times (p <0,05). In the course of the correlation analysis between the indicators of the intensity of the POL and the main markers of cytolytic, cholestatic, mesenchymal - inflammatory syndromes, the presence of direct communication has been established, the inverse correlation connection is between the content of glutathione recovered and markers of the above syndromes. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was found that the comorbidity of NASH with OB and OA increases the intensity of oxidative stress. The uncontrolled intensification of the processes of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which developed on the background of obesity, determines the degree of activity of the pathological process in the liver.

Genetic peculiarities of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins in the semen of breeding boars

Complex research into biochemical aspects of the functioning of the antioxidant system for the protection of sperm of the breeding boars has established that the intensity of the flow of peroxide oxidation of lipids in germ cells is much higher than in the extracellular space. Reactions of free radical peroxide oxidation of proteins and lipids in the semen of healthy breeding boars are characterized by a stable level of activity that is necessary for the normal course of implementation of processes of the reproductive function. All components of the antioxidant system stay in mutual compensatory ratios under physiological conditions. As a rule, reducing the concentration or activity of some antioxidant enzymes leads to corresponding changes in others. The main antioxidants of the germ cell genomes are superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin. Catalase is a key enzyme that neutralizes H2O2 in the semen fluid of breeding boars. The content of total proteins in the semen of the synthetic line SS23 animals is greater (p &lt; 0.05) than in the breeding boars of the large white breed. The processes of the oxidative modification of proteins in the animals body of the synthetic line runs more intensely, as it is evidenced by the higher content of the aldehyde and ketodinitrophenyl hydrazones of the main and neutral character in the sperm cytoplasm.

CHANGES OF SUBCIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF INDICATORS OF THE PROOXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN THE KIDNEY OF RATS WITH TETRACHLOROMETHANE INTOXICATION AND CORRECTION OF MELATONIN

The subcircandian rhythms of TBA-reactive products content, aldehyde and ketone derivatives of DNFH, the activity of catalase in rat kidneys with tetrachloromethane intoxication on the conditions of experimental equality have been investigated. It was shown that intoxication with tetrachloromethane causes desynchronization of circadian rhythms of the studied indices. Five-single administration to intoxicated animals of melatonin on the conditions of experimental equality leads to the restoration of rhythms and the correction of absolute values of the investigated variables.The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of melatonin on subcircadian rhythms of free radical oxidation indicators in rat kidneys with tetrachloromethane intoxication on the conditions of experimental equality.Materials and methods. Research conducted on white nonlinear sexually mature male rats weighing 180 ± 10 g, which were kept under vivarium conditions with constant temperature (+200С) regime and artificial lighting with an intensity of 1500 lux in a mode of 12 hours of light up to 12 hours of darkness (12L:12D) throughout the experiment. After a 7-day simulation of light conditions the animals were separated into groups: 1st group – a control group of animals (intact animals); 2nd group – animals that were intradermally administered of melatonin solution; 3rd group – animals that were intragastric administered twice of tetrachloromethane solution; 4th group – intoxicated tetrachloromethane animals were intragastric administered of melatonin solution. Euthanasia of animals was carried out by decapitation under a light etheric anesthesia at 8.00, 12.00, 16.00 and at 20.00 o’clock. In the post-nuclear supernatants of the 5%-s kidney homogenates were determined: the content of TBA-reactive products, aldehyde and ketone derivatives of DNFH, catalase activity. The received digital data was processed statistically by the method of variation statistics using Student's t-test.Results. The state of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins in rat kidneys under artificial lighting with an intensity of 1500 lux from 8.00 to 20.00 hr fluctuated within one indicator with an average value for the content of the TBA-reactive products – 41,1±1,59 µmol/g of tissue and for the content of the aldehyde and ketone derivatives of DNFH – 24,6±1,23 oz/g of tissue. Poisoning of animals with tetrachloromethane leads to increased oxidation of lipids and proteins in the ratkidneys at 16.00 h – forming a subcircadian rhythms with a pronounced maximum. Administration of melatonin to rats affected by tetrachloromethane on the conditions of experimental equality has led to a decrease in the absolute values of the content of free radical oxidation products of lipids and proteins in the kidney of animals during the day and has led to the restoration of the structure of subcircadian rhythms of the corresponding indices. The catalase (CAT) activity on the conditions of experimental equality acquired maximum values at 20.00 h (20,9±0,45 μmol/min/g of tissue), and the minimum – 19,9±0,52 μmol/min/g of tissue was at 8.00 and 16.00 h. In the conditions of toxic lesions with tetrachloromethane a sharp decrease on average by 45% in the activity of catalase was observed. The administration of melatonin resulted in an increase in the absolute values of activity of catalase in rat kidneys in comparison with the indicators of a group of animals which were intoxicated with CCl4 on average by 30%.Conclusions. 1. On the conditions of experimental equality under the artificial lighting with an intensity of 1500 lux subcircadian rhythms of the main indicators of pro- / antioxidant protection during light day in the rat kidneys have a small amplitude of oscillations. 2. Inoxication of rats with tetrachloromethane caused desinchrosis of indicators of free radical oxidation of macromolecules in the kidneys. 3. Five-single administration of melatonin has led to the restoration of the subcircadian rhythms of the investigated indicators.

FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION AND OXYGENATION OF HEMOGLOBIN AT EXACERBATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

The aim of the study was to assess free radical processes and their effect on oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood of 18-21 weeks pregnant women with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection. We examined 40 pregnant women with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection and various levels of specific antibodies (IgM) at 18-21 weeks and 30 pregnant women without cytomegalovirus. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the content of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-active products, superoxide dismutase in blood erythrocytes; thin layer chromatography – phosphotidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine; gas-liquid chromatography – arachidonic acid. Exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection changes the activity of free radical oxidation processes, the severity of which is determined by the level of IgM antibodies and is manifested by a decrease in superoxide dismutase (p = 0.000) and phosphatidylcholine (p = 0.000), an increase in phospholipase A2 (p = 0.000), lysophosphatidylcholine (p = 0.000), arachidonic acid (p = 0.000) and TBA-active products (p = 0.000). Accumulation of superoxide anion radical and products of lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes decreases oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.000) and increases methemoglobin (p = 0.000). Exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection at 18-21 weeks is associated with the enhancement of free radical lipid oxidation and a deficiency in the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase. It decreases oxygen transport properties and increases phagocytosis by red blood monocytes; and pregnant women develop further hemic hypoxia.

Intensity of oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and comorbid chronic kindney disease

Objective — to establish intensity of the oxidative and nitrosative stress at the comorbid course of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) of the 1st and 2nd stages. Materials and methods. Investigation involved 105 patients (48 men and 57 women) with NASH, form them 52 had 1st degree obesity (group 1), and in 53 patients NASH was combined with 1st degree obesity and І - ІІ stages CKD (group 2). The average age of patients was (45.8 ± 3.81) years. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy age- and sex-matched subjects. The functional endothelium state was studied by the blood levels of stable nitrogen monoxide (NO) metabolites (nitrites, nitrates) by L. C. Green et al. The number of desquamated endothelial cells in blood was determined by the method of J. Hladovec in the modification of N.N Petrischev et al. The state of the antioxidant protection system (AOP) was studied based on the erythrocyte levels of the restored glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ceruloplasmin (CP). Results. It has been established that in case of comorbidity of NASH and І - ІІ stages CKD, the oxidative stress intensity increased with accompanying accumulation of not only intermediate, but also final products of free radical lipid oxidation in all observation groups, testifying presence of the decompensated oxidative stress in this category of patients. The latter fact is an undeniable evidence of the involvement of oxidative stress in the NASH pathogenesis, and its intensity increases with the CKD comorbidity. The obtained results showed the significant increase in blood NO levels of NASH patients vs indices of practically healthy people. The raised number of desquamated endothelial cells in 1.9 times (p < 0.05) evidenced about the expressed endothelial dysfunction in NASH patients. Conclusions. The investigation showed that in case of comorbid course of NASH and І - ІІ stages CKD, the oxidative stress intensity increased with accompanying accumulation of the intermediate and final products of free radical lipid oxidation, early development of the endothelial dysfunction (increased blood number of desquamated endothelial cells and blood levels of the stable NO metabolites) against the background of the activity of the factors of antiradical defense (the decreased erythrocytic levels of the restored glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione-dependent enzymes).

STATUS OF FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS AND ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION IN PATIENTS WITH ROSACEA

Objective – to identify and analyse the rates of free-radical oxidation (FRO) of lipids and proteins as well as of the endogenous intoxication in patients with rosacea depending on the clinical form and the duration of dermatosis course.Material and methods. The study involved 64 patients with rosacea (49 women and 15 men), aged 28 to 63. 23 of them were diagnosed with erythematous-telangiectastic and 41 with papulo-pustular stage (form) of rosacea. In 21 patients dermatosis lasted up to 6 months, in 22 – from 6 to 12 months and in 21 – more than 1 year. The status of free-radical oxidation of lipids and proteins was assessed by the content in plasma and in red blood cells of malonic aldehyde (MA) and the fractions of protein oxidative modification (POM Е370 and POM Е430) – in the blood serum, while the status of endogenous intoxication was evaluated by the content of medium mass molecules (МMМ Е254 and МMМ Е280) – in the serum according to available methods.Results. The patients with rosacea were found to have a reliable increase in the level of MA in plasma and in red blood cells (by 51,4 % and 17,3 % respectively, p&lt;0,001) in comparison with the control group, and in both fractions of protein oxidative modification POM Е370 and POM Е430 in the blood serum (in 1,75 and 2,23 times respectively, р&lt;0,001). The changes were more significant in patients with papulo-pustular stage (form) of rosacea than in those with erythematous-telangiectastic stage (form) of dermatosis. Patients with a duration of rosacea up to 6 months had a higher level of FRO of proteins, and those with more than a year - an increase in the incidence of FRO of lipids and manifestations of endogenous intoxication with an increase in the level of MMM.Conclusion. The patients with rosacea were found to experience an activation of the free-radical oxidation processes, which is characterized by more active oxidation of molecules in the early stages and with increasing term of dermatosis of lipid structures as well which is accompanied by more frequent events of endogenous intoxication and is more pronounced in patients with rosacea with papulo-pustular stage (form) of dermatosis than in those with erythematous-telangiectastic stage (form) of rosacea.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОГО И ПРИРОДНОГО АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ ПРИ ТОКСИЧЕСКОМ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИИ ПЕЧЕНИ ЧЕТЫРЕХХЛОРИСТЫМ УГЛЕРОДОМ

Currently there is an active search for medicines increasing the stability of liver to pathological effects, reinforcing its neutralizing function, promoting its functional recovery after various injuries, including poisoning by industrial poisons. Therefore, the study of opportunities to reduce toxic liver damage by carbon tetrachloride introduction of synthetic and natural antioxidants is of interest. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ organism membranes was studied with the introduction of the succinate containing drug called Reamberin (Polysan, St.Petersburg) and licorice syrup. The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 10 rats: the group with intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were given carbon tetrachloride during 3 days daily; the experimental group in which before the introduction of carbon tetrachloride animals had a daily intra-abdominal intake of the Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg (20 ml/kg); the experimental group in which before the introduction of carbon tetrachloride animals had a daily oral intake of the licorice syrup in a dose of 5 ml/kg. It was found out that in the blood and in the liver of experimental animals an introduction of carbon tetrachloride during 3 days contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 24-43%), of diene conjugate (by 19-47%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 61-81%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the succinate containing drug to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the decrease in the blood and in the liver of lipid hydroperoxides by 13-26%, of diene conjugates by 11-28%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 30-34% in comparison with the rats of the control group. Adding of the licorice syrup to rats contributes to the reliable decrease in the blood and in the liver of lipid hydroperoxides by 6-23%, of diene conjugates by 9-24%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 25-30% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the antioxidants on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood and in the liver of animals was reliably higher by 10-47%, of vitamin E by 13-42% in comparison with the same parameters of the rats of the control group. So, the application of the synthetic and natural antioxidants in the conditions of introduction of carbon tetrachloride of the organism of animals under experiment leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity.

Features of the Course of the Pathological Process in Multiple Sclerosis as Confirmed by Changes in Biochemical Markers for Oxidative Stress

Objective. To analyze the features of the course of the pathological process in multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of measures of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense (AOD). Materials and methods. A total of 220 patients with different clinical forms and stages of MS were studied; patients were divided into four clinical groups. Markers of the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins were evaluated in terms of the levels of ketodienes, diene conjugates, malondialdehyde, and Schiff bases. The functioning of the endogenous AOD was assessed in terms of measures of the activity of the following markers: vitamin E and SH groups – total and nonprotein thiols – to assess the nonenzymatic compartment of the AOD. Markers of the enzymatic compartment were: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Results and conclusions. Differences were found in measures of the intensity of oxidative stress in groups of patients with different clinical forms and stages of MS, not only verifying oxidative stress in MS from the point of view of evidence-based medicine, but also supporting the continuity of the pathological process in this disease.

Effect of hypoxia tolerance on the relation between indicators of free radical oxidation of lipides and proteins in murine kidneys during the post-resuscitation period

Aim. Study of the relationship between the parameters of free radical oxidation of proteins and lipids in the murine kidneys in the post-resuscitation period after stopping the systemic circulation, depending on their resistance to hypoxia. Methods. The systemic circulation was stopped by intra-thoracic clamping of the neurovascular bundle for 5 minutes, performed under general ether anesthesia in male noninbred white rats, divided after testing into two groups based on resistance to hypoxia. The observation period lasted for 35 days. In the homogenates of kidney tissues, the content of products reactive to tiobarbituric acid, carbonylated proteins, the formation of metal-catalyzed carbonylated proteins and bitirozin were determined. Results. The characteristic manifestation of oxidative stress in the recovery period after stopping blood circulation and resuscitation was found to be reciprocity of the relationship between the levels of lipoperoxidation and oxidative modification of proteins. Highly resistant to hypoxia animals were characterized by high resistance of proteins of kidney tissue to free radical oxidation against the background of high levels of lipid peroxidation. On the contrary, in animals non-resistant to hypoxia, against the background of relatively low values of lipoperoxidation, high levels of oxidative modification of proteins, both initial and induced, were recorded. Conclusion. In post-resuscitation period in highly resistant to hypoxia animals, marked activation of lipoperoxidation occurs accompanied by a transient increase in the carbonylation of proteins in the early observation period; for low-resistant to hypoxia animals high intensity of carbonyl stress against the background of the relative «preservation» of lipid structures of the cell is characteristic, which persists throughout the post-resuscitation period, which can make a significant contribution to kidney damage, increasing the risk of renal failure.

Oxidative Stress As an Indicator of Metabolic Impairments in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Stroke

Objective. To verify oxidative stress as an indicator of metabolic impairments in the complex cascade of the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic (HS) and ischemic (IS) stroke. Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients with HS and 50 with IS, along with 20 healthy subjects, were studied. All patients underwent complex biochemical blood tests, assessment of free radical oxidation (ketodienes, diene conjugates, malondialdehyde, dityrosine, and Schiff bases), and evaluation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system (vitamin E, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase) – a total of 12 indicators. Results. In patients with IS and HS, in contrast to the control group, complex biochemical investigations revealed an increase in the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins, along with a functional imbalance in the nonenzymatic and enzymatic branches of the endogenous antioxidant defense systems. Conclusions. These results identify two factors in the formation of oxidative stress in IS and HS, widening our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this severe vascular process.

СЕПСИС У ХВОРИХ ЗА УСКЛАДНЕНОГО СИНДРОМУ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЇ СТОПИ – ОКСИДАНТНИЙ СТРЕС ОРГАНІЗМУ

Вступ. Гнійні захворювання відзначають більш ніж у 35% пацієнтів хірургічних стаціонарів, з яких особливою групою є пацієнти з сепсисом на тлі ускладненого синдрому діабетичної стопи (СДС). Реакція організму на септичний процес проявляється змінами метаболічних процесів, у регуляції яких важливу роль відіграють перекисне окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) та система антиоксидантного захисту (АОЗ).&#x0D; Матеріали і методи. Обстежені в динаміці 724 хворих з приводу ускладненого СДС. Стан ПОЛ оцінювали на основі аналізу його первинних та вторинних продуктів – дієнових кон’югат (ДК), малонового діальдегіду (МДА), шифових основ (ШО).&#x0D; Результати. Встановлено, що у хворих як за ускладненого СДС, так і сепсису, зміни вмісту продуктів ПОЛ в сироватці крові при госпіталізації були достовірними (р &lt; 0,05), при сепсисі, більш вираженими, ніж за ускладненого СДС без сепсису.&#x0D; Обговорення. Аналіз отриманих даних свідчить, що тяжкість перебігу сепсису у хворих за ускладненого СДС залежить від стану вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів. За результатами дослідження, первинні й вторинні продукти ПОЛ є об’єктивними маркерами тяжкості ендогенної інтоксикації, визначають оксидантний стрес організму. В системі комплексної терапії таких хворих слід застосовувати антиоксиданти як один з варіантів патогенетично обгрунтованої інтенсивної терапії.

The blood pro-oxidant system status and endogenous intoxication in patients with lichen ruber planus

Objective. To determine the values of pro-oxidant blood system status in lichen ruber planus patients with different clinical course of dermatosis.Material and methods. There study involved 93 patients with lichen ruber planus (61 women, 32 men) aged from 19 to 76 years old, 17 of them - the 1st degree of clinical manifestations of dermatosis, 31 - II degree, 45 - III degree. In 35 patients dermatosis lasted for up to 6 months, 31 – from 6 till 12 months, 27 - year and over. Pro-oxidant blood system status was evaluated for the content of malonic aldehyde in plasma and in erythrocytes and fractions of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP E370 and OMP E430) and medium molecules in serum.Results. In patients with lichen ruber planus malonic aldehyde level in erythrocytes and in plasma was increased (by 79,7 % and 39,9 % respectively, p&lt;0,001), oxidative modification protein fractions - OMP E370 and OMP E430 (by 52,9 % and 43,1 % respectively, p&lt;0,001) and the content of medium mass molecules in serum (by 28,6 %, p&lt;0,001), which are indicators of pro-oxidant system of blood, are more pronounced in patients with III (moderately severe) degree of clinical manifestations, and the duration of dermatosis more than half a year.Conclusion. The obtained results of researches testify to the growth of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins and formation of the state of endogenous intoxication in patients with lichen ruber planus intensity of processes, which is more pronounced in patients with III (moderately severe) degree of clinical manifestations and duration of dermatosis more than half a year and which substantiates the differentiated prescription of antioxidant agents in their comprehensive therapy.

АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ВЬЮНКА ПОЛЕВОГО И ЗВЕЗДЧАТКИ СРЕДНЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ УЛЬТРАФИОЛЕТОВОГО ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ

The search and development of methods for correction of oxidative stress in conditions of exposure to adverse environmental factors is an actual problem of modern medicine. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ cell membranes was studied with the external application of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed. The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily external application of the ointment of herb convolvulus; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily external application of the ointment of herb chickweed. It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 15-19%), of diene conjugate (by 14-16%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 40-66%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the reliable decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 9-13%, of diene conjugates by 8-13%, malonic dialdehyde by 15-28% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the ointment on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 13-20%, of vitamin E by 8-14%, of catalase by 13-28% in comparison with the same parameter of the rats of the control group. So, the application of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed in the conditions of oxidative stress induced by the influence of ultraviolet rays leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity.

Вплив чотирихлористого вуглецю на стан вільнорадикальних процесів організму щурів та морфологічні зміни у товстій кишці

Introduction. Increased admission of herbal compounds in organism of humans and animals can trigger the development of functional disorders and pathological changes of the digestive system and in particular the colon.The aim of the study – tо evaluate the state of free radical processes and morphological changes in the colon with toxic experimental animals exposed by carbon tetrachloride.Research Methods. The study was performed on 44 white male rats weighing 180–200 g which were divided into 4 groups: group 1 – control (almost healthy animals); group 2–4 – rats with simulated toxic lesion by CCl4. Intragastric CCl4 was administered in 50.0 % oil solution at a rate of 0.2 ml of pure substance per100 g of body weight. The intensity of free radical processes evaluated with the level of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates, determined using spectrophotometric techniques; antioxidant system – with the activity of catalase in blood. According to the conventional method histological preparations were made. For qualitative and morphometric analysis system of a visual analysis of images using camera Vision Color CCD program and Inter Video Win DVR UTHSCSA Image Tool were used.Results and Discussion. The results shows that animals carbon tetrachloride intoxication is accompanied by activation of free radical oxidation of lipids, as evidenced by the increase in blood serum of animal content as malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC) throughout the experiment, with the maximum concentration observed in malondialdehyde 7 days after poisoning. Under the influence of CC14 catalase activity increases in serum at the second, seventh and fourteenth days of the experiment in 1.3, 1.2 and 2.4 times respectively. Morphometric techniques revealed a significant restructuring of the mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and serous membrane of the colon, accompanied by severe vascular disorders of alterative, infiltrative processes and changes of morphometric parameters of the colon’s wall structures at tissue and organ levels.Conclusions. In the case of CCl4 damage, the processes of free radical oxidation take place, the accumulation of toxic products of lipid peroxidation in the blood and the weakening of the enzyme system of antioxidant protection occur. A significant structural and morphometric reconstruction of the mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serous membranes of the colon has been established.

СТАТЕВІ ВІДМІННОСТІ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ПРО-АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В МІОКАРДІ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ГІПЕРГОМОЦИСТЕЇНЕМІЇ

Гіпергомоцистеїнемія є незалежним фактором ризику патології серця та судин. Одним із механізмів кардіотоксичної дії високих концентрацій гомоцистеїну є оксидативний стрес. За умов гіпергомоцистеїнемії в міокарді розвивається про-антиоксидантний дисбаланс, який асоціюється з посиленням процесів вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів та протеїнів. Однак статеві особливості впливу гіпергомоцистеїнемії на показники про-антиоксидантної системи в міокарді залишаються невивченими.Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив гіпергомоцистеїнемії на показники оксидативного стресу в міокарді та маркери цитолізу кардіоміоцитів у самців та самок щурів.Матеріал і методи. Досліди проведені на 40 білих лабораторних щурах обох статей масою 220–280 г. Модель гіпергомоцистеїнемії створювали шляхом введення тіолактону D, L-гомоцистеїну (Sigma, США) внутрішньошлунково в дозі 100 мг/кг маси протягом 28 діб. У міокарді визначали вміст H2S, активність NADPH-оксидази (КФ 1.6.3.1), супероксиддисмутази (КФ 1.15.1.1), вміст малонового діальдегіду (МДА), карбонільних груп білків (КГ). У сироватці крові оцінювали вміст гомоцистеїну, активність аспартатамінотрасферази (АСТ) та креатинфосфокінази (КФК). Статистичну обробку результатів проводили за допомогою програми SPSS Statistica 17.0.Результати. Тривале введення тіолактону гомоцистеїну супроводжується збільшенням вмісту гомоцистеїну в сироватці крові та зменшенням рівня гідроген сульфіду в міокарді у самців відповідно на 111 та 43,3 % (р˂0,05), а у самок – на 82,4 та 25,1 % (р˂0,05), порівняно з відповідним контролем.У самців з гіпергомоцистеїнемією зменшення активності супероксиддисмутази, а також зростання активності НАДФН-оксидази, вмісту МДА та КГ в міокарді становило відповідно 33,2; 52,7; 89,3 та 102 %, тоді як у самок зміни вказаних показників були меншими і становили 23,7; 33,3; 68,3 та 78,6 % відносно контролю.За умов гіпергомоцистеїнемії у самців розвивається більш виражений цитоліз кардіоміоцитів (активність АСТ та КФК у сироватці крові зростає відповідно на 39,2 та 42,5 % відносно контролю), ніж у самок (активність АСТ та КФК в сироватці крові зростає на 24,9 та 31,3 %).Висновки. Встановлено, що введення тіолактону гомоцистеїну протягом 28 діб викликає у самців більш істотне зменшення активності супероксиддисмутази та збільшення активності НАДФН-оксидази, процесів пероксидації ліпідів і протеїнів, ніж у самок. Поряд з цим у самців реєструється більш виразний цитоліз кардіоміоцитів, ніж у особин протилежної статі.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ У МУЖЧИН БОЛЬНЫХ САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 1-ГО ТИПА

The aim of study is to assess lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in men with diabetes mellitus type 1. The objective of this study was to identify features of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense system in men of reproductive age with diabetes mellitus type 1. 22 men with diabetes mellitus type 1 (the average age of 27.1 ± 7.38years) and30 healthy men of the same age (control group) (the average age of 28.0 ± 4.3 years) were involved in the study. The main and control groups were formed on the principle of copy - pair. Standard clinical examination methods were used: history taking, physical examination and consultation of specialists to identify complications of diabetes. To determine the indicators of the system of free-radical lipid oxidation and activity of antioxidant protection, the spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. In men with diabetes mellitus 1 type, there is increase in the level of active products reacting with thiobarbituric acid compared to the same indicator in the control group. The level of antioxidant protection in men with diabetes mellitus 1 type unlike the control was characterized by decrease in total antioxidant activity. However, stability of processes of superoxide dismutase activity and the glutathione system in comparison with control is observed against the backdrop of intensity increase of oxidative processes. Activation of lipid peroxidation is observed in men with diabetes mellitus type 1.