Free Printing Research Articles

80‐2: Distinguished Paper: Mura‐free G8.5 220ppi Inkjet Printing Technology for QLED and OLED Display Panels

This paper reported on the development of a Mura‐free and high precise printing to realize high resolution QLED and OLED display panels with a G8.5 glass substrate. To realize Mura‐ free printing we developed the single‐path print line head and the new pixel volume adjustment system with a pixel volume variation of ±0.8%. And also, to realize high precise printing we developed the G8.5 table system that compensated for the drop position by changing the ejecting time of each nozzle. And verified a drop position accuracy of ±2.1μm. By combining these technologies, we achieved Mura‐free 220ppi printing on the G8.5 table.

Assembly-free fabrication of the deformable system composed by continuous fiber embedded 4D printing actuators

The 4D printed deformable actuator with embedded continuous fibers exhibits the advantages of convenient direct drive without environment stimulate and flexible control response position or response time. Rapid manufacturing of complex systems consisting of multiple actuators spatial arrangements relies on multi-axis printing strategy. However, existing multi-axis printing methods cannot match the continuous fibers 4D printing predefined design feature, such as the layer distribution and fiber arrangement. Therefore, a novel assembly-free printing method is proposed to print complex 4D printed deformable system with embedded continuous fibers. Based on design features of multi-actuators deformable system, a toolpath planning algorithm is provided to analyze the printing steps of the complex structure and generate toolpaths. Herein, the effect of different nozzle tilt angles on the deformation performance during the printing process is investigated, and the corresponding compensatory strategy is proposed during toolpath generation. After discussing the advantages of assembly free printing, a deformable ratchet and an intelligent five-finger gripper are printed to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method. The presented method exhibited unique capability in fabricating deformable system with complex 3D geometry or complex drive features for various promising applications on smart robot and metamaterial.

Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Smart Office Terhadap Keberlangsungan Operasional Perusahaan di Jakarta (Studi Kasus Tenant PT Menara Properti Indonesia Tahun 2021)

The purpose of this study is to determine the use of Smart Office which consists of two indicators, namely Virtual Office and Serviced Office on the Company's Operational Sustainability which consists of several indicators, including desks, chairs, and private offices; internet connection, and electricity; free printing; free meeting rooms; full pantry; receptionist; cleaning services; and the domicile of the company at the tenants registered with PT Menara Properti Indonesia. This study uses a survey method conducted on all tenants registered at PT Menara Properti Indonesia, both users of Virtual Office and Serviced Office services. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between the use of smart offices and the company's operational sustainability at the tenants of PT Menara Properti Indonesia.

Relationship between reactive group chemistry and printing properties of heterofunctional reactive dyes via screen printing

Screen printing of cotton fabric using newly synthesized azo reactive dyes was carried out in the present study. Functional group chemistry and its effect on the printing properties of cotton fabric by varying the nature, number and position of reactive groups of synthesized azo reactive dyes (D1–D6) was studied. Different printing parameters (Temperature, alkali and urea) and their effect was explored on the physicochemical printing properties e.g., fixation, color yield, and penetration of the dyed cotton fabric. Data revealed that dyes with more reactive groups and having linear and planar structures (D-6) showed enhanced printing properties. Spectraflash spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the colorimetric properties of screen-printed cotton fabric and results showed superb color buildup. Printed cotton samples displayed excellent to very good ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). Presence of sulphonate groups and excellent fastness properties may entitle these reactive dyes as commercially viable for urea free printing of cotton fabric.

When a King of Norway Became a King of Russia

When a King of Norway Became a King of Russia

P‐86: Ink‐Jet Printed Stable Full‐Color Perovskite and Quantum Rod Color Filter

Photoluminescence color filter (PLCF) array using quantum color converters is recently a strong candidate to replace traditional absorptive CF in various display applications. PLCF displays are expected to have higher efficiency and wider color gamut. Ink‐jet printing is a versatile and low‐cost method to pattern color converting films, but uniformity problem is to be concerned. To utilize perovskite nanoparticles (PNP) and low dimension semiconductor material, maintaining good photoluminescence (PL) properties in the processing and long‐term stability is challenging. In our work, we use a porous polymer film (PF) as the ink jet printing template. Capillary effect of the sub‐micron pores in the PF promotes uniform coffee‐ring free printing with reduced size (<50 μm). Without using any mask or bank structures, green PNP and red Quantum Rod (QR) arrays can be printed with high quality. The PF CF is endowed with good PL stability for more than 80 days. In terms of device application, ambient contrast ratio become problematic considering the ambient light excitation of color converters. We adapted bottom CF structure for LCD to solve this problem. A LCD equipped with a printed full‐color PNP‐QR PF CF was demonstrated. The color gamut of the design can reach 96.9% BT.2020.

74‐1: 31″ Flexible Printed OLED TV Display Technology: It's TV Mobiles

The flexible printed OLED TV display technology will be able to create new application market, such as rollable/foldable TV, in the future. It's TV Mobiles. Recently, the TCL (Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology Ltd. Co, TCL CSOT & TCL Corporate Research) has successfully demonstrated the 31″ FHD flexible printed OLED TV in CES 2020. The product is fabricated by ink jet printing technology with top emission OLED device architecture, advanced encapsulation technology and is driven by IGZO oxide TFT B/P technology. The panel performance of 31″ flexible printed OLED TV has continuously improved drastically after demonstration at CES based on optimization of top emission OLED device architecture including printing OLED material development, MURA free printing technology, Oxide TFT B/P technology and advanced thin film encapsulation technology. The RGB device performance of 31” FHD flexible printed OLED TV has high current efficiency and long‐life time,R:(0.68,0.32), 46.3cd/A, LT95>8khrs@1knits,G:(0.28,0.70),115.5cd/A, LT95>6khrs@1knits,B:(0.13,0.062),5.35cd/A, LT95 >0.35khrs@1knits respectively.It is getting closer and closer to meet the commercial requirement of flexible OLED TV target specification. The technical challenges of 31″ FHD flexible printed OLED TV are also identified. In this paper, the technology development status and technical challenges are discussed

Compositionally graded AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

A high entropy alloy AlxCrCoFeNi (x = 0.07–0.88) coupon with a stepwise compositional gradation was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) via in situ alloying of the blended metal powders. The chemical compositions, microstructures and mechanical properties of different regions of the coupon were examined to investigate the effect of Al content on the formation of different constituent phases. The maximum Al that can enable crack free printing was observed to be x = 0.5. Microstructural characterization indicates that grain morphologies, textures and phase variations in the graded alloys are closely related to x. Three phases were found across the graded coupon, i.e., face centered cubic (FCC), body centered cubic (BCC) solid solutions, and intermetallic B2. The phase variations can be attributed to the Al-induced lattice distortion and valence electron concentration. Further analysis suggests that the range of duplex FCC+BCC phases region is insensitive to cooling rates and could be mediated by formation of B2 phase. Nanoindentation studies show a steep increase in hardness along with the occurrence of BCC phase.

3D Particle Free Printing of Biocompatible Conductive Hydrogel Platforms for Neuron Growth and Electrophysiological Recording.

Electrically conductive 3D periodic microscaffolds are fabricated using a particle-free direct ink writing approach for use as neuronal growth and electrophysiological recording platforms. A poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)/pyrrole ink, followed by chemical in situ polymerization of pyrrole, enables hydrogel printing through nozzles as small as 1 μm. These conductive hydrogels can pattern complex 2D and 3D structures and have good biocompatibility with test cell cultures (~94.5% viability after 7 days). Hydrogel arrays promote extensive neurite outgrowth of cultured Aplysia californica pedal ganglion neurons. This platform allows extracellular electrophysiological recording of steady-state and stimulated electrical neuronal activities. In summation, this 3D conductive ink printing process enables preparation of biocompatible and micron-sized structures to create customized in vitro electrophysiological recording platforms.

(Invited) TheSimultaneous 3D Printing of White and Transparent Gels for Medical Models

Polymer gels containing a large amount of water have biocompatibility and appropriate softness close to living biological tissue. For this reason, many studies focus on how to use the polymer gels in medical field. The generally organ model is made of a silicone resin and is transparent and hard. Therefore, excellent in confirming the position of blood vessels and the like. But it is not suitable for practice or simulation using medical device. So, we aim to develop the gel organ model that overcomes these problems. We developed the desktop type 3D gel printer “RepRap SWIM-ER” which enables three-dimensional(3D) free printing of gels. RepRap SWIM-ER can move a light source at 405nm and form gels in the desired shape by localized photopolymerization. This gel printer irradiates a gel solution layer by layer with UV light. In the conventional printing process of RepRap SWIMER, it was difficult to change the photo polymerization reaction locally because constant speed, scan time and so on. There was also problem that it could use only one gel solution because it was bathtub type 3D gel printer.Here, we developed new printing process of RepRap SWIMER that can change the transparency and mechanical properties of printed gels locally by changing the printing parameters such as the scan times of UV light. It can control gel turbidity which was previously only printed in a single color. This method can print two types of gel (transparent and white) only using RepRap SWIM-ER. By changing the printing conditions with RepRap SWIM-ER, a transparent gel with length and breadth of 20 mm, thickness of 2 mm and a white gel lattice can be printed at about 10 minutes. The transmittances of printed transparent gels and white gels were measured by a spectrophotometer to examine the color change (Figure 1). It can be seen from Fig.1, The white turbidity of the gel changes when the printing conditions are changed. This result showed that the appearance of color varied depending on the concentration of the hydrophobic initiator TPO used in the gel solution.At the prototype, we tried to print using kidney data. From previous research, we have known that the gel prepared by soaking in pure water swells 1.5 to 2.0 times. In consideration of this result, when printing kidney data using RepRap SWIM-ER, it was printed at 70% of the size of the data, the color was entirely white. After swelling, this model became to be about the same size as the actual data. The kidney 70% data can be printed at 2h30min. We can create new gel organ models by using RepRap SWIM-ER and the above gel printing method. Gel organ models makes it possible to use medical devices and makes the touch feeling more realistic. For example, soft-transparent gel (organ model) and hard-white gel (blood vessel, tumor) can make the model with high precision and complexity. In addition, this technology can let the production spend lower cost and less time. Figure 1

The Idea of D.D. Shamray’s Doctoral Dissertation “Free Printing Houses of the Eighteenth Century (1783—1796)”

The article considers the unpublished heritage of D.D Shamray (1886—1971), book historian, bibliologist, library scientist and bibliographer, employee of the Imperial Public Library (State Public Library named after M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, now — The National Library of Russia, NLR), connected with his idea of doctoral thesis on the period of free printing in Russia (1783—1796) in the beginning of 1950s. Archival materials on this topic are stored in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Department of archival documents of the NLR. The plan of dissertation “Free Printing Houses of the Eighteenth Century (1783—1796)” and the unpublished work “The New Printing House of the Academy of Sciences, 1758—1783” reveal the idea of D.D. Shamray. These materials show that the scientist intended to pay special attention to the study of social, cultural, political prerequisites for the emergence of “free printing”, including the repertoire of manuscript books of the 18th century, and to highlight the practice of private orders in state printing plants as a prehistory of free printing. D.D. Shamray planned to create “Book chronicle of free printing houses”, understanding it as the compilation of complete bibliography of published products prepared in private printing houses during the period of “free printing”. D.D. Shamray widely used archival sources, mainly the documents of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences (now — St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences), citing some of them in their entirety. However, the scientist did not reach the level of wide generalization and as a result, most of his texts on this topic remained unpublished. The study of materials on the unrealized plan of D.D. Shamray testifies to the important historiographical significance of the unpublished works for the complete understanding of the history of the scientific process in the field of domestic book studies and the history of book.

Leveraging a Free Enterprise Printing Software Solution to Reduce Cost and Increase Revenue: Print Logger by PaperCut

Leveraging a free enterprise printing software solution to reduce cost and increase revenue tells the story of Valley Forge Military Academy & College's process of identifying the need for a printing solution, weighing the options, and selecting a suitable solution for minimal cost (free software and minimal staff time). VFMAC is a small suburban campus consisting of an Academy (grades 7-12—all-boy, college-prep) and a junior college (co-ed, high transfer) located about 20 miles west of Philadelphia, PA.

Organic Solar Cells Based on High Hole Mobility Conjugated Polymer and Nonfullerene Acceptor with Comparable Bandgaps and Suitable Energy Level Offsets Showing Significant Suppression of Jsc–Voc Trade‐Off

Herein, a high‐mobility polymer (Si25) pairing a nonfullerene acceptor (O‐IDTBR) is introduced to construct active layers of organic solar cells (OSCs). The OSCs based on Si25 and O‐IDTBR with comparable bandgaps of 1.61 eV show high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.03 V. Suitable energy level offsets between the donor and acceptor as well as sufficient photon absorbance by a 400 nm thick active layer afford a notable short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 21.11 mA cm−2, indicating a significantly suppressed trade‐off between Jsc and Voc among OSCs. In addition, notable high power conversion efficiency (PCE) between 10.2% and 11.54% can be achieved with thick blend films from 210 to 560 nm, a thickness range beneficial to pin‐hole free printing. The maximum PCE of 11.54% corresponds to a 400 nm thick blend film, which is a rare thickness for high‐efficiency nonfullerene‐based OSCs. The corresponding fill factors (FFs) are between 51.59% and 53.33%. The inferior FF is due to a very low electron–hole mobility ratio, offering space for future FF elevation. The results highlight the high Voc and Jsc potentials for thick‐film nonfullerene OSCs based on a high hole mobility donor as well as looking forward to a high electron mobility nonfullerene acceptor.

Assessment of knowledge and awareness of “sustainability” initiatives among college students

Campus sustainability is essential for any university. Campus sustainability denotes the potential of the university to develop new ideas regarding sustainability through research, teaching, and practices. It necessitates improved academic infrastructures, setting right faculty priorities and practices that ensure that the university community is aware of sustainable practices, and that its practices reflect sustainability. This study assesses college students' knowledge and awareness of sustainability issues. After IRB approval, data were collected using the campus sustainability questionnaire. Students from a university in the southeastern part of Texas in the United States were selected and asked to participate in the study voluntarily by answering a self-report questionnaire. Findings indicate that only a minority of the students knew what sustainability was, but 95.8% indicated it was important. Although the university has committed to climate and sustainability agreements, majority of the students were not aware of it and only about 17% knew that the University's Strategic Plan has a sustainability component. Nearly 36% of the students reported receiving information about sustainability during their campus orientation. In terms of recycling, majority of the students indicated unawareness of e-waste recycling on campus; however, more than 70% reported that the library limited free printing in computer labs. More than half of the students also indicated that sustainability issues were not infused into curriculum courses or programs, and they had no knowledge of any alternative power source for the university. We concluded that a majority of the students were not conversant with sustainability issues and were largely unaware of campus sustainability initiatives. We recommended more effort to increase sustainability initiatives on campus by involving faculty, staff, and students in such endeavors. Educational programs should incorporate sustainability into their curriculum to increase students' knowledge and consciousness regarding these issues.

Analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi perpustakaan sekolah berdasarkan kebutuhan sistem

Introduction. School libraries as part of the educational institution are required to provide all the necessary information resources to support learning process. A reliable library system is needed to improve the library services. Data Collection Method. Theresearch method used was observation to developa new system and improve an existing one.Data Analysis. The design of the school library information system is based on “need analysis” to tackle problems occur in library services. Results and Discussions. The design of school library information systems is made simpler than University library or regional library or even archive management that are based on circulation services, including lending and returning and fines.The school library information system is designed by using phpMyAdmin programming language and SQL database. The steps taken include inputting data collections, membership data, membercard printing, library free printing, lending and returning transactions and data reporting, including fines. The design undertaken to make the school library information system includes the design of the interface system design to facilitate users and librarians in managing the school library.Conclusions and recommendations. With the simple system design, it is expected that school libraries can create their own information system so that the service can be more effective and efficient.

Recent Advances in Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for Biomedical Applications.

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has become significantly more commonplace in tissue engineering over the past decade, as a variety of new printing materials have been developed. In extrusion-based printing, materials are used for applications that range from cell free printing to cell-laden bioinks that mimic natural tissues. Beyond single tissue applications, multi-material extrusion based printing has recently been developed to manufacture scaffolds that mimic tissue interfaces. Despite these advances, some material limitations prevent wider adoption of the extrusion-based 3D printers currently available. This progress report provides an overview of this commonly used printing strategy, as well as insight into how this technique can be improved. As such, it is hoped that the prospective report guides the inclusion of more rigorous material characterization prior to printing, thereby facilitating cross-platform utilization and reproducibility.

Dos and Don'ts When Seeking Free Printing

Nonprofit Communications ReportVolume 14, Issue 6 p. 3-3 Articles Dos and Don'ts When Seeking Free Printing First published: 16 May 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/npcr.30425Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume14, Issue6June 2016Pages 3-3 RelatedInformation

Stencil printing behavior of lead-free Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder paste for wafer level bumping for Sub-100 μm size solder bumps

Stencil printing for flip chip packaging using fine particle solder pastes is a low cost assembly solution with high throughput for fine pitch solder joint interconnects. The manufacturing challenges associated with both solder paste printing increases as electronic device size decreases due to trend of miniaturization in electronic components. Among multiple parameters, the two most important stencil printing parameters are squeegee pressure and printing speed. In this paper, the printing behavior of Pb free Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder paste with a particle size distribution of 2–12 μm for wafer level bumping using a stencil printing method (stencil opening dimension −30 μm) was evaluated by varying the printing speed and squeegee pressure to fabricate solder bumps with a sub 100 μm size. The optimal squeegee pressure and print speed for the defect free printing behavior and fairly uniform size distribution of reflowed paste were found to be 7 kgf and 20 mm/s, respectively. The average size of the reflowed printed paste decreased with the increasing squeegee pressure.

Urea/alkali‐free printing of cotton with reactive dyes

Urea reduction or elimination in reactive dye print pastes is of ecological interest. Sodium edetate is presented as a complete substitution of urea in the conventional print paste of reactive dyes, namely CI Remazol Black B and Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R using a constant amount of sodium alginate as the thickening agent. Three different print pastes containing urea/NaHCO3, sodium edetate/NaHCO3 and sodium edetate were thoroughly investigated. Different factors that may affect the printability of cotton, such as the concentrations of sodium edetate, urea, dye, absence or presence of alkali and steaming time in the prints obtained were evaluated with respect to the dye fixation, colour strength, dye penetration, levelling and the fastness properties. Excellent to good fastness was obtained for all samples irrespective of the print paste used.

Ink Jet Printing with Pigmented Inks for Photofinishing

Ink jet printing technology is open to various applications because of advantages such as popularization of relatively cheap printers, litter free printing, ease of operation, easy maintenance, ability to print onto non-flat media, and ease of making prints of various sizes. However, some improvements are still needed in the application of photofinishing to replace color silver halide photographic prints. There are two kinds of ink jet printing systems in terms of inks: dye-based inks and pigmented ones. We know empirically that dye-based inks can produce better print quality than pigmented inks in many instances. Typical weak points of pigmented ink images are conspicuous grain, uneven low gloss, and bronzing. Pigmented ink images, however, generally show better image permanence than dye ink images. We have produced many ink jet prints with both kinds of inks and examined the characteristics of these images. Finally we focused our attention on the pigmented ink images. We determined the possibility of managing both image permanence and print quality, using microporous printing media with a specially coated layer for pigmented inks. We conclude that ink jet printing with pigmented inks can be applied for photofinishing purposes.