Free Conversation Research Articles

Sensitivity to Communication Partners During Naturalistic AAC Conversations in Cantonese Chinese.

Previous studies have shown that graphic-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) output tend to be short and simple in structure with non-canonical word order, and that AAC users may show differences when communicating with peers compared to professionals such as speech therapists (STs). However, there was a lack of report for graphic-based AAC in the Chinese context, and the effect of communication partners had not been investigated systematically. In this study with 34 AAC users and 10 STs, we reported common and distinct features of free conversations in Cantonese graphic-based AAC, relative to AAC in other languages. We also found that AAC users were sensitive to different types of communication partners. In particular, when conversing with peers, AAC users produced long messages with equal proportion of questions and responses, which suggested active and bi-directional exchanges. In conversations with STs, AAC users showed high diversity in expressive vocabulary, indicating access to more semantic concepts. Results suggested that the base language and the communication partner are both influential factors that should be considered in studies of graphic-based AAC. The mobile AAC system facilitated free conversations in users with complex communication needs, affording an additional channel for social participation.

Free Conversation: A Legitimate Use of Class Time?

The notion that interactional competence in the L2 emerges naturally once sufficient lexical/grammatical knowledge is in place was disputed by Widdowson (1978), but this notion may still underlie some attitudes toward language learning in an institutional context. In this paper, I describe some central features of the genre of conversation and contrast these with the traditional interactional structures found in Japanese university classrooms. I suggest that the ability of learners to interact in the L2 requires both extensive opportunities for learners to engage in non-directed, phatic interactions supported by the teaching of interactional language skills. The approach may be initially challenging and confusing for learners, but over time, students align with the approach and interaction becomes smoother and more natural. 第二言語習得において、正確で高度な語彙と文法の知識が習得されれば相互行為能力は自然と身に付くものだと信じられてきた。Widdowson (1978)により批判に晒された現在でも、この根拠のない神話は未だに現場に浸透し、言語学習の姿勢形成に影響力を行使している感が否めない。本稿では、実際の学生の会話において話題・ジャンルの主要な特徴を記述し、日本の大学において元来の教授法で実施されている会話と比較した。。第二言語によるやりとりに必要とされる要素は、教師にお膳立てされることなく交感的なやりとりに参与する豊富な機会と、明確な相互行為能力指導の二点である。当初はこの新しいアプローチに困惑する学習者を生む場合もあるが、継続することで学生も徐々に適応し、第二言語によるやりとりを元来の教授法ではたどり着けないスムーズなものに変容させることができると考えられる。

Works of Fine Art as an Incentive for Artistic Expression of Children with Disabilities In Inclusive Education – a Case Study

In this paper we have explored the influence of sculptures and paintings by the author of this article as an incentive for motivation and artistic work of preschool-age and school-age children with disabilities in inclusive education through the application of the qualitative research method of observation in all three phases of the method of aesthetic transfer: perception, reception, and reaction. The research was carried out at CIERI (Centre for research, education, development, and training) at the Hercegovina University in Mostar on a sample of 15 children with disabilities in inclusive education, whereof 7 boys (2 preschool-age and 5school-age children) and 8 girls (3 preschool-age and 5 school-age children). In research by using free conversation, we have examined attitudes and opinions about the use of works of fine art as an incentive for motivation and artistic expression of children on a sample of three experts in education and rehabilitation and three parents of preschool-age children with disabilities in inclusive education. By applying the method of analysis and comparative analysis we have determined positive influences of use of works of fine art on the motivation and artistic creation of children with disabilities in inclusive education regardless of age: influence on increased motivation to work, choice of motives, more intensive use of colors and tonal painting, playful composition solutions and the making of complex art volumes. The research has determined that the boys prefer making three-dimensional shapes more than the girls. The research has shown positive attitudes and opinions of the educational and rehabilitation experts and parents towards the use of the mentioned works of art as an incentive for the artistic creation of children.

Compatibility Features between Athletes-Players with Different Efficiency of Team Activities

The aim of the article is to compare the parameters of compatibility (psychophysiological and socio-psychological) among athletes-players with different efficiency of team activities. Methods. Athletes representing various kinds of sports (football, basketball, etc.) took part in the research. Psychophysiological compatibility was studied using the cinematometric methodology of E.P. Ilyin, the method of diagnosing the temperament of Y. Streliau, and free conversation. The following methodologies were used for measurement of parameters of socio-psychological compatibility of athletes: «Sociometry» modificated by I.P. Volkov; methodology «Attitude to training and competitive activity» by Y.A. Kolomeitsev; methodology «Orientation of Personality» by V. Smekal and M. Kucher modificated by Y.A. Kolomeitsev; methodology «Motives of sports activity» by E.A. Kalinin. The efficiency of sports activities was calculated by the coefficient efficiency of the player presented in the competition statistics. According to the design, the research is a comparative analysis of compatibility parameters of sports team members who differ in their efficiency indicators. Results of the research. With the help of comparative analysis it was found the statistically reliable differences in various samples of athletes, namely: among members of one team who possess identical indicators of inertia – mobility of nerve processes, also their subjective assessments of the game partner and high success rates coincided; athletes with a high sociometric status in the team turned out to be significantly more productive than teammates with a lower status; the general motivation for sports activities is quite expected to be significantly higher in the group of highly productive athletes; at the same time, less productive players are dominated by a focus on themselves; and there are no differences in the severity of focus on interactions in different groups. Conclusions. The empirical data proves that the content of separate components of compatibility (psychophysiological and sociopsychological) differs significantly among players with different success of sports activities. A hypothesis about the indirect nature of the connection between compatibility in the «athlete-athlete» system and the performance of team activities was raised.

Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy (RAAT). Criteria and Types of Experiments Using Anthropomorphic and Zoomorphic Robots. Review of the Research.

Supporting the development of a child with autism is a multi-profile therapeutic work on disturbed areas, especially understanding and linguistic expression used in social communication and development of social contacts. Previous studies show that it is possible to perform some therapy using a robot. This article is a synthesis review of the literature on research with the use of robots in the therapy of children with the diagnosis of early childhood autism. The review includes scientific journals from 2005–2021. Using descriptors: ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), Social robots, and Robot-based interventions, an analysis of available research in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was done. The results showed that a robot seems to be a great tool that encourages contact and involvement in joint activities. The review of the literature indicates the potential value of the use of robots in the therapy of people with autism as a facilitator in social contacts. Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy (RAAT) can encourage child to talk or do exercises. In the second aspect (prompting during a conversation), a robot encourages eye contact and suggests possible answers, e.g., during free conversation with a peer. In the third aspect (teaching, entertainment), the robot could play with autistic children in games supporting the development of joint attention. These types of games stimulate the development of motor skills and orientation in the body schema. In future work, a validation test would be desirable to check whether children with ASD are able to do the same with a real person by learning distrust and cheating the robot.

The psychological process and its longitudinal of family caregivers involved in associations for families of dementia patients

This study aimed to explore the psychological and dynamic process of modification and evaluate its time-series peculiarity in family caregivers involved in associations for the families of dementia patients. The current study included 39 family caregivers involved in two associations for the families of dementia patients. Five-year free group conversations in the family caregivers were recorded and converted into a verbatim record. The KJ method was then used to encode and group the verbatim record. After analyzing grouped terms and structuring the psychological and dynamic process of modification, time periods of the psychological status were determined based on the psychological process and the time-oriented perspective. The verbatim record extracted by the KJ method was analyzed by text-mining and a cluster analysis in order to assess validity of the psychological process and its time division. In addition, the appearance ratio of the texts extracted in each time period were analyzed to determine the longitudinal peculiarity in the psychological and dynamic process. The psychological process of family caregivers was classified broadly into four components: (1) recognizing and identifying problems, (2) seeking help and dealing with problems, (3) remedying and evaluating problems, and (4) feeling effective and empowering oneself to overcome problems. The validity of the psychological process and its time division was supported by text-mining and a cluster analysis. The appearance ratio of the texts extracted in each time period was quasi-periodic and recursive rather than transient. The psychological and dynamic process elucidated in the current study consists of four major components participants experience when involved in associations for the families of dementia patients. Although this process may not have originated in associations for the families of dementia patients, a quasi-periodic and recursive tendency in the appearance ratio of extracted texts is a notable feature. In dementia care, it is vital to foresee emerging challenges on a constant basis and attempt precedent, forecasting-type care. Being involved in associations for the families of dementia patients facilitates the administration of forecasting-type care.

Institutional excellence reloaded: a 17-years, two-phase in-depth study of corporate culture change in the health care sector.

This ethnographic revisit of a general hospital aims to critically explore and describe the mechanisms of corporate culture change and how institutional excellence is facilitated and constrained by everyday management practices between 1996/1997 and 2014/2015. A five-month field study of day-to-day life in the hospital's nursing division was conducted by means of an ethnographic revisit, using participant-observation, semi-structured interviews, free conversations and documentary material. Using labour process analysis with ethnographic data from a general hospital, the corporate culture is represented as faceted, complex and sophisticated, lending little support to the managerial claims that if corporate objectives are realised, they are achieved through some combination of shared values, beliefs and managerial practices. The findings tend to support the critical view in labour process writing that modern managerial initiatives lead to tightened corporate control, advanced employee subjection and extensive effort intensification. The findings demonstrate the way in which the nursing employees enthusiastically embrace many aspects of the managerial message and yet, at the same time, still remain suspicious and distance themselves from it through misbehaviour and adaptation, and, in some cases, use the rhetoric against management for their own ends. What are the implications for clinical and managerial practitioners? The recommendations are to (1) develop managerial practitioners who are capable of managing change combined with the professional autonomy of clinical practitioners, (2) take care to practise what you preach in clinical and managerial reality, as commitment, consent, compliance and difference of opinion are signs of a healthy corporate culture and (3) consider the implications between social structures and human actions with different work behaviours on different levels involved. This ethnographic revisit considers data from a labour process analysis of corporate culture change in a general hospital and revisits the ways in which contradictory expectations and pressures are experienced by nursing employees and management practitioners spread 17 years apart.

Communication skills training pilot programme after traumatic brain injury: short and medium-term benefits

ABSTRACT Objective: The study aimed to evaluate whether a pilot communication rehabilitation programme improves different communicative modalities in people who have sustained a moderate to severe TBI immediately following the training and at 3 months follow up. Methods: We have recruited 12 participants who had moderate-to-severe TBI. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, EG and CG. We have assessed the groups before and after treatment and we have performed a follow-up three months later, through of the ABaCo. The EG followed a very structured programme. In the CG, a programme to stimulate communication through free conversation was carried out. Each programme consisted of 24 group sessions, of 1h30 min, twice a week, for 12 weeks. Results: Improvements were observed in both groups, although more evident in the EG. Both groups had better results in extralinguistic production. In the EG, there was still an improvement in the paralinguistic production and extralinguistic comprehension, after ending the training. These improvements persisted 3 months after ending the programme. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention of a structured pragmatic rehabilitation programme. However, the existence of a communication group based solely on conversation can also have positive results and should be implemented whenever a more specific intervention is not possible. In future research, it will be important to increase the sample size and involve caregivers in person and regularly in the EG programme.

ОТ "ПЕНТАТОНИКИ" К "ХРОМАТИКЕ" (ИНТЕРВЬЮ С АСТРАХАНСКИМ КОМПОЗИТОРОМ ЛЕОНИДОМ БУТАКОВЫМ)

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the Astrakhan regional branch of the Union of Composers of Russia through the prism of their position in relation to the processes that are taking place in the music world today and are reflected in the composer's activity. The use of the interview genre as a special analytical technique allows us to become more familiar with the view of musical creativity "from within", through the composer's vision of the influences that the musical and extra-musical environment has on him. An important role in this context is played by the questions compiled for the conversation, which can be divided into two groups: the situation of modern composers in market conditions, located far from the center (living in the regions) and their reflection on the history of culture, the modern world, which is reflected not only in their views, but also in their work. When working on the material of the article, the author used the following methods: interviewing (free conversation), ideographic - when preparing the material of the conversation with the composer, systematization - when analyzing the works of the composer. A special contribution of the author is the philosophical and musicological analysis of L. Butakov’s work and the arrangement of his philosophical ideas. The analysis of the interviews allows us to draw conclusions about the prospects for the existence of academic musical art in the regions of the country.

Freedom Quilt: Collective Patchwork in Post-Communist Hungary

The paper investigates the democratic and social values of patchwork quilting through its culture of open-source pattern sharing and communal group work – using The Freedom Quilt Hungary project as a primary example. I facilitated a social engagement artwork, developed in 2019 on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the end of Socialist rule in Hungary in 1989. This change resulted in new laws, allowing for the formation of the Hungarian Patchwork Guild (HPG), with whom I worked closely to create the work. It provided members of this group and the public with a platform to define individual notions of freedom and free speech in a post-Communist economic system. The resulting work (a quilt made collectively by approximately two hundred fifty people) is made of kékfestö fabric, a folk craft with cultural and political significance in relation to Hungary’s alternating regimes and border changes that have defined the trajectory of this country and practice. I held a series of free public sewing workshops, group conversations, and lectures that linked cultural sources of American quilting--specifically pattern--to work made by the HPG during the last thirty years. Quilt blocks created during the workshops were sewn into the final quilt during a public quilting bee, with HPG members making each decision regarding design and construction techniques by way of majority vote. HPG members from around the country gathered to share the labor intensive handwork in the social manner typical of this tradition that had not been experienced by these quilters until 1989. The explanation of these events will demonstrate how the project adapted the Guild’s tenets of supporting “values neglected by our modern world such as solidarity, quality and community that is open for all” as an organizational structure to provide free education and cross-cultural understanding in a globalized world. The resulting quilt and project ephemera provides an educational resource that archives kékfestö patterns and links stories behind individual quilt blocks to both the underground/hidden and established/public timelines of the country.

Making Sense of Right Hemisphere Discourse Using RHDBank.

Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) commonly causes pragmatic language disorders that are apparent in discourse production. Specific characteristics and approaches to assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders are not well-defined. RHDBank, a shared database of multimedia interactions for the study of communication using discourse, was created to address these gaps. The database, materials, and related analysis programs are free resources to clinicians, researchers, educators, and students. A standard discourse protocol was developed to elicit multiple types of discourse: free speech, conversation, picture description, storytelling, procedural discourse, and question-asking. Testing included measures of cognition, unilateral neglect, and communicative participation. Language samples were video-recorded and transcribed in CHAT format. Currently, the database includes 24 adults with RHD and 24 controls. Illustrative analyses show how RHDBank can facilitate research using micro- and macrolinguistic discourse analysis techniques both within this population and across populations. Educational resources, such as the Grand Rounds tutorial, were developed using case studies from the database. RHDBank is a shared database of resources that can facilitate educational and research efforts to address the gaps in knowledge about RHD communication and improve the clinical management of individuals with RHD.

Acquisition of the Final Particle ne by Korean Learners of Japanese:Using Data of Interview-Style Free Conversation Corpus

Acquisition of the Final Particle <i>ne</i> by Korean Learners of Japanese:Using Data of Interview-Style Free Conversation Corpus

The Implementation of Counseling Learning Method to Improve Arabic Speaking Skills for the Freshmen

A method in teaching Arabic as a second language is an important tool to meet learning goals and deliver the subject. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Counseling Learning Method (CLM) in Arabic teaching for new students in a university. It investigates the implementation of CLM to improve Arabic speaking skills and the obstacles in it. A qualitative approach is used in this research through observation, interview, and documentation during the Arabic teaching on “Kalam li al Mubtadiin” subject. The Participants of this research are twenty-one first-year students and a lecturer of the Arabic education department at Islamic State University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The collected data is processed and analyzed with data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. After that, the results are narrated. The results showed that all stages of CLM implementation, except the discussion stage, were well done, i.e. reflection, recorded conversations, transcriptions, language analysis, and free conversation. The discussion stage was still not running optimally because of some factors including the lack of vocabulary in speaking and the technical obstacles during the recording process.

Application of Mobile Technologies in Foreign Language Learners’ Project Activity

&lt;p class="0abstract"&gt;The article analyzes the specific features of project work organization in English classes with blended mobile learning with the participation of students who previously haven't studied foreign languages or had school experience in learning other foreign languages – German or French. The relevance of the proposed work is caused by the application of the project method on the basis of mobile technologies that promotes the development of oral communication skills in the most effective way, taking into account the individual characteristics of the student and allows him in the future conducting a free conversation in a foreign language. The novelty of the methodology used lies in the complex application of systemic and integrative approaches using mobile technologies to the formation of oral skills in a foreign language. The hypothesis of the study that the application of the proposed teaching method contributes to a stable average for all students to improve the quality of knowledge throughout the entire period of study was fully confirmed. Student’s participation in the project work and the use of mobile technology to share information and knowledge are an independent creative activity that ends with the creation of a fully communicative and linguistically correct speech message. Free speech in a foreign language based on students own multimedia product is considered as a practical result of using an intensive method of teaching a foreign language from scratch.&lt;/p&gt;

Przedszkolny plac zabaw z perspektywy dzieci

The main aim of the article is to draw attention to research conducted in the perspective of children’s studies showing new possibilities of conceptualizing childhood in the space of scientific discourse. What is important for this current of research is to give voice to children and listen to what they have to say about the manifestations of their everyday life. This has been made possible through the use of elements of Alison Clark’s mosaic approach, such as free conversations with children, their photographs and drawing projects of the square they dream of. From the conversations with children and the analyses carried out, a “discourse of danger” has emerged which is dominant among teachers, but which children do not perceive as oppression, but rather tend to avoid unwanted behaviour and search for convenient nooks and crannies. The pedagogue’s perspective obliges the reader to pay attention to the consequences of the identified discourse, limiting children’s opportunities to acquire important motor and social skills, thus reducing their chances of becoming an independent and responsible subject.

Free Bright Conversations — meaningful participatory activities for the communication of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Political, economic and social actors have begun to implement the 17 SDGs (UN 2030 Agenda) to build a desirable future for everyone. To reach this goal, a mix of systemic alteration and individual change is needed. “Free Bright Conversations” is a dialogue-based science communication event developed at MUSE-Science Museum in Trento that focuses on people's engagement with sustainable development. The paper describes the format and provides an evaluation based on preliminary data collected on two occasions. The authors conclude that participatory science communication furthers involvement with our common, sustainable future.

Analisis Penyimpangan Prinsip Kesantunan Berbahasa Dalam Interaksi Belajar-Mengajar Siswa Kelas V SD Muhammadiyah Pakel Program Plus

This study aims to describe the deviations of politeness language principles that occur in teaching-learning interactions and the causes of these deviations. Type of qualitative research. The main focus of this research is the utterances that occur in teaching-learning interactions to determine the form, type, and causes of deviations in politeness principles of language. Data collection techniques used are the SBLC technique (see free and capable conversation), note taking techniques and record techniques. The results showed that (1) the types of deviations in the language politeness principle that occurred in the interaction of teaching and learning of students in SD Muhammadiyah Pakel Plus Program consisted of deviations of wisdom maxims, deviations of generosity maxims, deviations of praise maxims, deviations of modesty maxims, deviations of agreement maxims, and deviations of wisdom maxims. maxim of agreement, (2) the cause of deviations in the politeness principle of language that occurs in the interaction of teaching and learning of students in SD Muhammadiyah Pakel Plus Program includes irregularities caused by speakers intentionally accusing the interlocutor, deliberately not speaking in context and criticizing directly with harsh words.

The Ukrainian language communicative competence formation of foreign students based on the student-centered approach (in the process of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language)

The article aims to offer a student-centered system of work on the communicative competence formation of foreign students in the process of teaching Ukrainian. The author implements it with the help of theoretical (analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific knowledge to find out the main factors of the Ukrainian language communicative competence formation of foreign students), empirical (author’s own observations on the educational process) and statistical methods (analysis of foreign students’ poll results). Main results and conclusions. The article suggests the system of work on forming the foreign students’ communicative competence based on the student-centered approach in the process of teaching Ukrainian. The author submits that a number of factors contribute to the foreign students’ effective education and their communicative competence formation, among which she highlights the following: sociocultural adaptation, individual characteristics of the person, direct communicative interaction with teachers and students. These factors convince that the educational process of foreign-language communicators should be based on the student-centered approach and should be carried out in stages. Each of the stages has a certain system of work, a corresponding set of methods and techniques. For example, at the adaptive-propaedeutic and motivational-stimulating stages of foreign speakers communicative competence formation it is recommended to apply the oral method of Herald Palmer and the audiovisual method; at the third stage, it is necessary to implement the method of exercises (pre-communicative, communicative-situational, post-communicative, etc.), imitative, situational-communicative and communicative-game methods; at the production-creative stage it is possible to organize work by means of discussion, text-translation and project methods; the reflection-evaluation stage is provided by the methods of free conversation and reflection. Each method has a number of techniques, which are implemented in the exercises. Our proposed methods and techniques for the foreign students’ communicative competence formation in classes of Ukrainian as a foreign language are effective, but they are tentative and can be improved. There is no doubt that this issue requires further research, so we will continue to work in this direction and its results will be highlighted in the next articles.

Analisis Bentuk Tindak Tutur Direktif dalam Dialog Film “Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu” Karya Tere Liye

The purpose of this study is to describe the form of directive speech acts in the dialogue film "Rembulan Drowning in Your Face" by Tere Liye. This research is a descriptive research. The data source of this research is the dialogue film "Rembulan Drowning in Your Face" by Tere Liye. The research data are oral data that contain directive speech acts which include directive speech acts in dialogue. The data was obtained by referring to the method of engaging in engaging free conversation followed by the record, transcript, and note technique. The results of the study of directive speech acts in dialogue had ten data, namely two data forms of command directive speech acts, two data forms of request directive actions. , two solicitation directive speech acts, two advising directive speech acts, and two prohibitive directive speech acts. In conclusion, directive speech acts in film dialogue are divided into five directive speech acts, namely commands, requests, invitations, advice, and prohibitions&#x0D; Keywords: Directives Speech Acts, Dialogue, Film

Neural synchrony in mother-child conversation: Exploring the role of conversation patterns.

Conversations are an essential form of communication in daily family life. Specific patterns of caregiver–child conversations have been linked to children’s socio-cognitive development and child-relationship quality beyond the immediate family environment. Recently, interpersonal neural synchronization has been proposed as a neural mechanism supporting conversation. Here, we present a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning study looking at the temporal dynamics of neural synchrony during mother–child conversation. Preschoolers (20 boys and 20 girls, M age 5;07 years) and their mothers (M age 36.37 years) were tested simultaneously with fNIRS hyperscanning while engaging in a free verbal conversation lasting for 4 min. Neural synchrony (using wavelet transform coherence analysis) was assessed over time. Furthermore, each conversational turn was coded for conversation patterns comprising turn-taking, relevance, contingency and intrusiveness. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that turn-taking, but not relevance, contingency or intrusiveness predicted neural synchronization during the conversation over time. Results are discussed to point out possible variables affecting parent–child conversation quality and the potential functional role of interpersonal neural synchronization for parent–child conversation.