Position Of France Research Articles

Imaging in France: 2024 Update.

Radiology in France has made major advances in recent years through innovations in research and clinical practice. French institutions have developed innovative imaging techniques and artificial intelligence applications in the field of diagnostic imaging and interventional radiology. These include, but are not limited to, a more precise diagnosis of cancer and other diseases, research in dual-energy and photon-counting computed tomography, new applications of artificial intelligence, and advanced treatments in the field of interventional radiology. This article aims to explore the major research initiatives and technological advances that are shaping the landscape of radiology in France. By highlighting key contributions in diagnostic imaging, artificial intelligence, and interventional radiology, we provide a comprehensive overview of how these innovations are improving patient outcomes, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and expanding the possibilities for minimally invasive therapies. As the field continues to evolve, France's position at the forefront of radiological research ensures that these innovations will play a central role in addressing current healthcare challenges and improving patient care on a global scale.

마크롱의 드골주의 노선 추구와 대서양동맹의 갈등

Emmanuel Macron, representing the newly formed party 'En Marche' and advocating for centrist policies, successfully won the presidency in 2017, gaining popularity among the French population. After taking office, President Macron implemented economically right-leaning policies while also bolstering welfare programs as part of an expansion of left-leaning social initiatives. In terms of foreign policy, he positioned himself as an ideological successor to President de Gaulle, who led the Fifth Republic of France. He strategically utilized the transatlantic alliance's division caused by President Trump in executing his foreign policy, aiming to establish a 'New European Order' with fellow Europeans. Additionally, after the UK's Brexit referendum, he worked towards expanding France's influence in Europe, following the traditional Gaullist path that lies at the core of French right-wing ideology.
 This study analyzes how President Macron effectively demonstrated the strengthening of France's position, in line with the principles of Gaullism, amid the shifting dynamics of the European order. This was achieved through the deepening of European integration, the collaborative construction of Europe by Europeans, the enhancement of strategic autonomy, and the prioritization of security within the EU over NATO. Ultimately, President Macron incorporated a significant portion of the Gaullist approach into his foreign policy, aiming for an independent and self-reliant European policy for France. He sought to implement this Gaullist approach through the EU, working to empower France to make decisions and take action independently in its relations with the United States. This study illustrates his efforts to enable the EU to operate autonomously in matters of diplomacy, security, and defense.

France's position on the Polish-Bolshevik war 1919-1920

France emerged victorious from the First World War, but had to face complex international problems of regional, ideological and military nature. Its former ally, Tsarist Russia, which represented a counterweight to the defeated but powerful Germany, was in the midst of a civil war, in which the Bolsheviks prevailed and began to declare the necessity of exporting the revolution to Western European countries. As a result, the Red Army, which advanced westward, clashed with the newly established Polish state, which was completely dependent on the Western countries.
 For the Poles, this was a struggle with both communism and the perennial Russian imperialism. The Western countries helped Poland, especially France, which was seen as the real wall of Western Europe against the Bolsheviks and their communist ideology, and the assistance provided by the French army contributed to some extent to the victory of the Polish Republic, but the Paris government was contradictory regarding the disputed regional issues. To appreciate the nature of this French - Russian - Polish "triangle", it must be seen in a larger historical context in which the Poles were never an equal partner to the French.
 
 Received 6/6/2023, 
 Accepted 5/8/2023 , 
 Published 30/9/2023.

Transformations and Navigations of Ethnoreligious and Cultural Identity and Belonging among Kabyle Immigrant Converts to Christianity in France

This article concerns diasporic Kabyle converts to Christianity in France, exploring how these immigrant converts, a Berber/Amazigh people, former Muslims originally from Algeria, North Africa, critically reflect on, revise, and debate their understandings of their conversion to Christianity and express a complex set of transformations and navigations of identity and belonging. Addressed here is a form of conversion from one world religion to another in contexts of migration and sociopolitical change. The analysis traces the changing imagery used by converts in sermons, interviews, sociality, and informal and guided conversations in response to shifting circumstances in both Algeria and France. These transformations show how Kabyle converts “juggle” multiple aspects of their lives, relations, and cultural backgrounds and, more broadly, suggest how these experiences might contribute contextual nuances to anthropological explorations of conversion, symbolism, and interstitionality. In effect, I argue, converts deal with continuities with their Islamic past by reframing them as cultural. Specific examples include converts’ images, attitudes, and practices pertaining to growth, fertility, sowing and reaping, eating, and fasting—in particular, their debates over fasting during Ramadan. These images, I show, act as signifying processes, a medium through which converts critically reflect on their position in France as interstitional in some contexts and as culturally Kabyle in other contexts. The evidence reveals conflicts, debates, and dilemmas, but also reconciliatory peacemaking efforts in converts’ uneasy situating between Berber/Amazigh opposition to Arabization policies back home in Algeria and diasporic opposition to Islamophobia and racism toward immigrants in France. More broadly, the article contributes to discussions of rupture, discontinuity, and continuity in the context of conversion in the anthropology of religion.

Французская защита: внешняя политика Э. Макрона в 2022–2023 гг.

The article considers the main directions of France’s foreign policy after the re-election of President E. Macron in 2022. The authors analyze four problematic areas of the French course: European integration, European security crisis, the knot of contradictions in the Indo-Pacific region and the current situation in Africa. Seeking the answer to the key research question of the paper – what will dominate the essence of Macron's foreign policy in his second term, continuity or alteration – the authors use the methods of systemic and comparative analysis. The authors determine the three key factors shaping the foreign policy of France in 2022–2023: the transition of the Ukrainian crisis to large-scale warfare, aggravation of US–China relations and increased international competition for influence in Africa. In total, all this narrows the freedom of maneuver for France in Europe, the IPR and in Africa. Speaking of the European direction, the implementation of an ambitious project of the EU strategic autonomy and even ‘Europe-puissance’ with the participation of Russia – advocated by Macron during his first mandate – is suspended, to say the least. The Atlantic vector in French foreign policy dominates over the European one. The France's position regarding the Ukrainian crisis is toughening, thus the France–Russia relations are deteriorating. The authors suppose that most likely only with the end of the conflict, France will be able to return to its ambitious foreign policy activity. In the Indo-Pacific region France is trying to shape a conditionally ‘neutral’ coalition around itself, but the field for its maneuvers is also narrowing. It is also difficult for Paris it to conceptualize its political strategy in the region. In Africa France has to defend its political and economic positions, and its priority will most likely be the search for new formats of cooperation that would appeal to Africans. The authors conclude that the Macron's France adjusts its previous course to new challenges that complicate the background environment for the French diplomacy to take actions in.

Comparing Technology Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation: An Analysis of France's Position Relative to China and US

This research paper compares the positions of France, China, and the United States in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and social innovation. The paper explores the various factors that have contributed to France's lagging position in these areas relative to China and the US. Through an in depth analysis of policy frameworks, cultural attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and investment patterns, this paper offers insight into how France can improve its innovation ecosystem. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of policy and cultural changes in fostering innovation, and the need for France to adopt a more proactive approach to innovation in order to remain competitive in the global economy.

Strategic autonomy of the European Union in the politics of France before and after Russian aggression in Ukraine

The aim of the article is to present the proposal by France as the initiator of the development of the strategic autonomy of the European Union and the politics of France before and after Russian aggression in Ukraine. The idea of the European Union’s involvement in the defence sphere has been with us for years; however, the concept of strategic autonomy is differently understood in the Member States of the European Union. For this reason, the following research questions were formulated: How is the strategic autonomy of the European Union understood in the politics of France? What is the position of France in reference to developing a “Europe of defence” for the European Union’s security and defence policy? How does Russia’s aggression in Ukraine affect the development of the European Union’s strategic autonomy in France’s policy? How does Russia’s aggression in Ukraine affect France’s position on the spread of the EU’s strategic autonomy? It would seem that the outbreak of the war in Ukraine constitutes an existential test for strategic autonomy.

The effect of internal control and corporate social responsibility on conditional accounting conservatism: Evidence from France

AbstractThis study examines the impact of internal control (IC) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on conditional accounting conservatism (CAC). We employ legitimacy theory to understand whether managers adopt CSR reports and IC systems to seek legitimacy through symbolic actions or whether they do so to provide substantive actions to their stakeholders.We adopt a multivariate analysis for a sample of 98 French companies belonging to the SBF 120 index during the period between 2012 and 2021. All accounting and stock market information is extracted from the Thomson Reuter database (Datastream) and the Thomson Reuters ASSET4 ESG database. We found that both IC and CSR have a negative and significant impact on CAC; hence, managers may use CAC levels as a legitimizing tool for corporate activities. French companies are generally characterized by strong IC systems, suggesting a low demand for conditional conservatism. Socially responsible companies may have fewer agency issues and therefore will not practice accounting conservatism (AC) in a pronounced way. Distinct from the previous literature, our study examines the impact of IC as well as CSR on CAC, which provides useful insights regarding how stakeholder pressure, in terms of reporting on social responsibility and maintaining effective control systems, interacts with and impacts upon managers’ decisions to adopt CAC in the French context. Given the position of France after Brexit and the new laws adopted regarding an emphasis on the social dimension in corporate reporting, protecting stakeholders’ interests, and adopting conservatism, it is worth using such a context to gain a better understanding of AC, as this will enrich the literature.

From anti-imperialism to multiculturalism. (Post)-migrant media in postcolonial France

ABSTRACT The paper analyzes how (post)-migrant media outlets discussed the position of (post)-migrant people in France. (Post)-migrant media are periodicals, radio stations, and other forms of media produced by (post)-migrant actors and addressed to them. I argue that changes in the Global Cold War order, French national politics, and social changes in French (post)-migrant communities fostered a transition from anti-imperialist to multicultural understandings of migration in the examined media. The paper shows how these changes affected the experiences and identities of (post)-migrant people and adds a global history perspective to existing explanations about generational change and national political developments. It tracks how (post)-migrant media offered a space to negotiate the position in France against the backdrop of global developments such as the Cold War, decolonization, the disillusion with postcolonial governments, and the rising human rights movement.

Religious Tolerance in France: A Perspective of Maqasid Shari'a

This study examines religious tolerance in France from the perspective of Maqasid Shari'a. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study was conducted in 2019, taking place in France. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation also the informants were selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data analysis used the critical analysis method through in-depth interviews with religious leaders, organizational leaders associated with inter-religious harmony organizations, community leaders, and youth leaders. This study revealed France's position as a country which ready to accept religious pluralism and guarantees constitutional, historical and factual tolerance among religious believers. However, this encounters several obstacles that arise in the form of radicalism, Islamophobia and unpreparedness for dialogue related to religious issues. From these obstacles, various strategies emerged to create tolerance among religious believers, namely the laicite law, integration policies and supporting religious institutions such as the Conseil Francais du Culte Musulman (CFCM). Some of the French government's strategies turned out to be in line with the dimensions of Hifz al-Din which is one of the goals of Maqasid Shari’a. Hifz al-Din in this context, is interpreted repressively then it becomes haq al-tadayyun (religious rights), where this strategy can guarantee the continuity of religious people to worship and carry out religious values. Haq al-Tadayyun not only maintains the sanctity of religion but also creates a harmonious relationship pattern in practicing religion amidst religious diversity. This research has implications for the emergence of a form of tolerance among religious believers in France, therefore, it can be a policy reference for countries with Muslim majority populations in responding to the dynamics that occur due to religious diversity.

Closing the gender gap: building a successful career and leadership in research as a female gastroenterologist

The pillars of academic promotion include clinical service, research, teaching, and public engagement. Although women are more likely than men to pursue a career in academia after a gastroenterology fellowship (40% of women vs 25% of men choose this path), gender disparity in research and academic leadership remains. For example, only one woman was appointed assistant professor in all gastroenterology and hepatology divisions of university hospital centres in France in 2017–18, whereas ten men were appointed full professors and seven were appointed associate professors in that same period. 1 Aubart FC Roeser A Costedoat-Chalumeau N Papo T Piette J-C Women in internal medicine academic positions in France. Eur J Intern Med. 2019; 64: e18-e29 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar Only 20% of faculty and 25% of full professors in divisions of gastroenterology in the USA are women; this gender disparity has not diminished over the past 35 years and is similar across basic science and clinical departments. 2 Richter KP Clark L Wick JA et al. Women physicians and promotion in academic medicine. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383: 2148-2157 Crossref PubMed Scopus (103) Google Scholar Even though the representation of female physicians as first authors (42%) and senior (23%) authors of original research published in US gastroenterology journals has increased over the past two decades, the proportion of female senior authors increased at a slower rate than female first authors and was lower than expected based on the proportion of women in academia. 3 Long MT Leszczynski A Thompson KD Wasan SK Calderwood AH Female authorship in major academic gastroenterology journals: a look over 20 years. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 81: 1440-1447 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (78) Google Scholar , 4 Bhatia S Eluri S Kim E Angle H Dellon E Shaheen N Trends in female authorship of high impact publications in gastroenterology journals, 1997–2017. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018; 113: S652-S653 Google Scholar Similarly, representation of female first authors in high-impact European journals has increased since 1994, but it has plateaued in recent years. 5 Filardo G da Graca B Sass DM Pollock BD Smith EB Martinez MA-M Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994–2014). BMJ. 2016; 352: i847 Crossref PubMed Scopus (271) Google Scholar In addition, the proportion of invited women speakers at major national gastroenterological meetings remains low: for example, at the British Society of Gastroenterology meeting in 2014, only 26% of speakers were female; at United European Gastroenterology week 2019, only 28% of speakers were female; and at Digestive Disease Week 2019, only 33% of speakers were female. 6 Brooks AJ Taylor EJ Arthurs EA et al. Gender differences in leadership, workforce and scholarly presentation within a national society: a gastroenterology perspective. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2019; 10: 2-6 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar , 7 Khan Z Rukhshan R Bhatt A et al. persistent speaker gender gap at the premier digestive disease event. Dig Dis Sci. 2022; 67: 390-396 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar , 8 Nakov R Alboraie M Tiniakos D UEG Equality and Diversity Task ForceHow to identify, encourage, and support suitable candidates for leading roles in scientific societies: the UEG experience. United European Gastroenterol J. 2021; 9: 874-876 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar How can female gastroenterologists effectively build a successful career in research and overcome these barriers to achieving leadership and academic advancement?

University professor: scientific trajectory in the conditions of integration and internationalization

The article considers the concept and the basis of the legal status of a professor of a Russian university. Comparisons with a similar position in France and Germany are given. According to the results of a comparative analysis of legal acts of Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, significant differences in scientometric indicators for applicants for the degree of Doctor of Law were revealed. The differences in the criteria for awarding the academic title of professor in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are shown. The opinion is expressed about the negative impact of this differentiation on labor mobility and academic mobility. It is concluded that the achievement of scientific indicators is necessary throughout the active creative life of the professor. The tendency of “internationalization” of publication activity is revealed, since the requirements for the availability of publications indexed in international databases are present in legal acts regulating various aspects of the professor's activity. It is recommended to take this factor into account when building the scientific trajectory of a modern professor.

Qualifying Adjectives and Saturation by Ethos

Since the end of the 1990s, research on discursive ethos – the image of the speaker which is projected by his or her utterance – has been very active in discourse analysis. It contributes to a better understanding of how an enunciation can attract the support of addressees. But in general, this research 1) focuses on isolated texts or individual speakers, not on discursive formations, 2) does not take into account the lexicon when it does not have clear ideological content. On the contrary, this article deals with the role played by some French polysemous adjectives (simple, doux, clair) to make the incorporation (Maingueneau 1999) of readers or listeners possible, to make them adhere to the universe of meaning that is proposed to them. This point of view is first illustrated by the study of an advertising text, before being applied to large discursive formations: a religious movement (“devout humanism”) of the first half of the 17th century; and, in the political field, two antagonistic positions in France under the French Third Republic (1870–1940): the handbooks of Republican School and the monarchist movement “l’Action Française”. We are led to conclude that adjectives, by their polysemy, “saturate discourse.” Through ethos, discourse does not only persuade by the ideas it delivers: it also sets the addressee in a speech scene that partakes of the semantic characteristics of the ideological universe that discourse aims to promote.

Contemporary Turkish-French Rivalry in Libya

The research represents a real attempt to show the contemporary competition and conflict that erupted between countries to control the countries that affected by The Arab Spring. Especially the oil-rich, including Libya, which has a distinguished geographical location, so this is what made France and Turkey engage in a political adventure, an economic competition, and an attempt to establish influence in Libya. The State of Libya was completely destroyed in order to control its oil, which is targeted by Western countries and their oil companies. The Turkish government tried to exploit its Islamic identity to influence the emotions of the Libyan parties and provided support for them. Then, it made an agreement with the Libyan government headed by Fayez al-Sarraj to demarcate the maritime borders, which gave it space to pressure against its opponents in the Mediterranean, after its negotiations to join the European Union failed due to France's refusal to join. The research was divided into five parts, the first dealt with contemporary Turkish-French relations, while the second one dealt with Turkey's position on the French intervention in Libya in 2011. The third one showed France's position on Turkey's accession to the European Union. The fourth one clarified the Turkish-French relations after the 2011 Libyan crisis. The fifth one included the contemporary French strategy in Libya, and finally the sixth one revolved around the impact of the Turkish-French competition on Libya. Keywords: crisis, oil, Libya, Turkey, competition, France.

Features of book publishing in France

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of book publishing and book distribution in France, changes in the French book industry over the centuries and recently. The French book industry is studied. Book publishing (as a branch of the country's economy) appeared in France at the end of the 18th century, and in the five centuries of its existence book publishing has come a long way, developed and improved, adapted to new conditions and actively used all the achievements of technical progress. The nineteenth century was the golden age of French literature. The European world spoke French. In the twentieth century France's position faltered. The United States, Great Britain and Germany took the first place. Therefore, in France, great importance is attached to book publishing as a way to spread knowledge about France and the French language.
 The article analyzes the features of book publishing and book distribution in France before the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights some features and trends in the development of the French publishing industry during the pandemic restrictions.
 The spread of the virus to stop or significantly reduce book production in France. The exploration analyzes the changes that have taken place in the industry as a whole and in its individual parts. The ways of development of retail trade and internet-trade before and during the pandemic in France are investigated.
 The role and place of different book formats in the general system of book publishing in France, the advantages of a printed book, the place of an e-book and an audiobook in the value system of French readers are clarified.

Réformer l’Empire: éducation de base et développement en Afrique coloniale française (1945–1956)

ABSTRACT After the Second World War, the French colonial administration undertook about 15 experiments in fundamental education in several villages of West and Equatorial Africa. Carried out by small teams of experts, including Africans, their aims were to raise the living standards of rural and often isolated communities, to improve hygiene and nutrition conditions, and to promote new agricultural and farming techniques. From a political viewpoint, the objective was to re-legitimise the civilising mission of colonialism by showing the commitment of French authorities towards the “well-being” of native African populations. By the mid-1950s, however, all projects were interrupted, due to technical, financial, and political constraints. Drawing on national, colonial, and African archives, this article sheds light on this still little-known history. It first highlights the international context in which these projects took place, particularly the role of Unesco in forging the concept of fundamental education. Second, the article analyses the daily work provided by colonial experts in the field. Special attention is given to the wide range of activities that were carried out (literacy and medical campaigns, technical training sessions, farming experiments, etc.), the roles of African staff, and local populations’ reception. The article also examines the institutional machinery set up by colonial authorities, both in the metropole and overseas, in an attempt to define a “French paradigm” in fundamental education and to showcase their efforts within international fora. Third, problems that led the French administration to abandon those kinds of experiments in the mid-1950s are investigated in detail. Against the background of decolonisation, direct interventionism in overseas territories was indeed replaced by bilateral “development aid” programmes, which became part of a comprehensive strategy aimed at strengthening the geopolitical position of France in post-independence Africa. By highlighting post-war French attempts at reforming the empire through fundamental education, the article thus provides new and original insights into the history of development in Africa as well as into the interconnections between internationalism and empire in the late colonial period.

Racism and Epistemologies of Ignorance: Framing the French Case

The paper aims to apply the epistemologies of ignorance framework to racial issues outside the Anglo-American world, the region where it is has been developed and which has been its almost exclusive focus. Centering on the French context, which is often considered as a unique or particularly acute example of the tension between a republican intellectual tradition of colorblindness, and a lived reality of racial discrimination, the paper identifies two renewed and opposed anti-racist positions in France: a publicly dominant, republican colorblind race-eliminativist position on the one hand, and a critical approach on the other hand. The latter puts the emphasis on the significance of racial concepts as decisive epistemic tools, used to identify specific racial inequalities that tend to remain invisible, even taboo, in the dominant French public discourse. This paper analyzes French republican colorblind race-eliminativism as a distinctive form of epistemology of ignorance that enacts epistemic injustice, and argues that critical anti-racism is a form of epistemology of resistance, aiming at epistemically empowering racialized agents.

УКРАЇНА У ФРАНЦУЗЬКОМУ ФОКУСІ: ПОЗИЦІЯ ПАРИЖА

The main objective of the study is to analyze France's position on contemporary French-Ukrainian relations, the status of the Crimea and the reintegration of the Donbas. Concerning methodology the systematic method was used for comprehensive studying of French approaches to problematic issues, such as the reintegration of the Donbas, the annexation of Crimea, and the revitalization of French investment in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the statements of French MP V. Faure-Muntian and Ukrainian MP O. Voloshyn reveals certain elements of the information war. The official position of France on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict 2014–2020 was analyzed. The hypothetical potential of Ukraine as a market for France and the main obstacle for French investments – corruption – has been clarified. It was proved that despite the fact that Ukraine's relations with France are not strategic, they have entered into a phase of strengthening their importance for Ukraine through the participation of France in the Normandy format, the French position on Russia and sanctions against that state and such events as France’s joining to signatories of the Budapest Memorandum and Brexit, through which France becomes the only nuclear country in the EU. The conclusion is drawn about the unpredictability of France's long-term strategy for Ukraine because of its significant dependence on the concept of the French president, who defines foreign and defence policy, and the results of the presidential race are unpredictable enough, as proved by the recent presidential elections in 2017. Recommendations underline the urgency of overcoming corruption; its success will determine French–Ukrainian economic relations. The priority is given to tracking elements of the information war and responding immediately, and if possible preventing it by spreading information more widely about Ukraine in France. It is highlighted the expediency of acquainting the French with the achievements of Ukraine in the field of culture and art that is one of the methods for the best presentation of the positives of Ukraine in France.

The History of the Synapse.

Why did I choose this particular topic for my lecture rather than the history of neuroscience or the history of the neuron? Simply because I believe that every disciple has the obligation to pay homage to their mentors once in their lifetime. My formation as a neuroscientist involved three such mentors spanned across three countries. The first was Spain, where I was born, completed my medical studies, and had my first glimpse of neuroscience at the Cajal Institute with Fernando de Castro. It was him who, in 1961, advised me to spend some time abroad, and to that purpose he obtained me a scholarship from the French government, that allowed me to settle in Paris. Once in France I had the good fortune to meet Prof. René Couteaux, another generous mentor, who took care of my stay in the country. Two years later, he made me a proposition to which I could only answer in the affirmative by offering me a research position in France. I got married (the best thing that happened in my life), and spent the next 57 years working on the cerebellum. The third person I want to honor and remember in this presentation is Sanford Louis Palay who was my postdoc professor during the 2 years I worked at Harvard Medical School in Boston. And as it turns out, all three of my mentors have made positive contributions to the history of the synapse. So, without further delay, let us dive in. Anat Rec, 303:1252-1279, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.

Strategies of a transnational intellectual: Tariq Ramadan and the project of a European Islam

This article offers an analysis of the ‘European Islam Project’ developed by Tariq Ramadan since the 1990s. It highlights the tension that exists between the transnational dimension of this project and its application at national levels. There has been the case in two European countries where Islam is well represented – France and the UK – and on which this article focuses. In these different locations, intellectual and political interventions by Ramadan in order to formulate his project for a European Islam have had different outcomes, ranging from distrust towards exclusion from official political circles in France to recognition as a Muslim modernist thinker in the UK. To account for this discrepancy, we analyse the transnational realms in which Ramadan has built his career. We then examine the parallel evolution of his position in France and the UK by linking his academic and political recognition to the differing structures of politics and academia in these two countries.