Framework Of Statistical Analysis Research Articles

A Statistical Model of Hazard Rate Change Caused by a Random Shock

In the framework of statistical reliability analysis, we propose a model describing the change of reliability of a technical component after certain event, as for instance a shock, or the failure and maintenance. Two kinds of failure rate changes are considered, namely a shift of virtual age of analyzed component and the acceleration of its subjective time. The objective is to estimate both the baseline lifetime probability distribution and the magnitude of these changes. The estimation procedure is based on the maximum likelihood method, both parametric and nonparametric distributions of lifetime are considered. Further, a graphical method of the goodness-of-fit test is proposed. The method is then checked on artificial examples, finally a real data problem is solved.

Prospects for the development of digital audit in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the transition to the digital economy.

The article discusses the development of digital audit in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the implementation of which is designed to ensure the transparency of business processes that are most susceptible to corruption. The purpose of the research is to study promising directions for the development of digitalization in auditing activities. The author has established the fact that the economic security of the country and its further development depend on this. The solution to the problems posed in the work was carried out on the basis of the application of general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis of structure and dynamics, graphic interpretation of information, etc. The practical significance of the study is confirmed by the definition of a set of practical recommendations for improving digital audit. The work provides data that can complement existing approaches to conducting digital audits and identify its role at the present stage. Data obtained in the process of studying scientific literature and regulatory and legal sources indicate that in modern conditions there are problems that acutely affect the process of digitalization of the economy of Kazakhstan and require immediate solutions. Among them is the improvement of the country’s economic policy in the field of development of the audit services market. The recommendations proposed by the author of the article are intended to help in resolving issues related to conducting a digital audit, as well as identifying new approaches to theoretical and applied research in the field of digitalization of business processes and can be useful to specialists in accounting and auditing, students, masters, doctoral students.

Optical Sensor System for 3D Jones Matrix Reconstruction of Optical Anisotropy Maps of Self-Assembled Polycrystalline Soft Matter Films.

Our work uses a polarization matrix formalism to analyze and algorithmically represent optical anisotropy by open dehydration of blood plasma films. Analytical relations for Jones matrix reconstruction of optical birefringence maps of protein crystal networks of dehydrated biofluid films are found. A technique for 3D step-by-step measurement of the distributions of the elements of the Jones matrix or Jones matrix images (JMI) of the optically birefringent structure of blood plasma films (BPF) has been created. Correlation between JMI maps and corresponding birefringence images of dehydrated BPF and saliva films (SF) obtained from donors and prostate cancer patients was determined. Within the framework of statistical analysis of layer-by-layer optical birefringence maps, the parameters most sensitive to pathological changes in the structure of dehydrated films were found to be the central statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders. We physically substantiated and experimentally determined the sensitivity of the method of 3D polarization scanning technique of BPF and SF preparations in the diagnosis of endometriosis of uterine tissue.

Effect of magnetically dependent heating on the behaviour of magnetoacoustic waves in coronal plasma with thermal misbalance

ABSTRACT The magnetic nature of coronal heating has been actively investigated within the framework of theoretical models and statistical analysis of observational data for decades. At present, a rather wide range of possible mechanisms has been proposed in the literature that requires additional verification. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of analysing the magnetic nature of coronal heating by means of magnetoacoustic (MA) waves propagating in coronal structures. To address this issue, we perform the analysis of fast and slow waves using a magnetic slab geometry. Applying the assumption of strong magnetic structuring, we derive the dispersion relation, which allows us to study the properties of MA waves. To analyse the dependence of phase velocity and wave decrement/increment on wavenumber, we numerically solved the obtained equations using the parameters corresponding to ‘warm’ coronal loop. It is shown that oscillations on the fundamental harmonic in a plasma with a weak magnetic field, where the effect of phase velocity dispersion is most pronounced, are best suited for diagnostics of magnetic heating using slow MA waves. In turn, the geometry remains the primary source for fast MA wave dispersion. Magnetic heating can either suppress or increase the damping of fast and slow MA waves. Moreover, the amplification of fast MA waves accompanied by damping of slow MA waves can be achieved. This issue is of interest in the context of the excitation of the decayless kink oscillations in the solar coronal loops.

A modified interval perturbation statistical energy analysis method for structural reliability analysis of vibro-acoustic systems with interval uncertain parameters

Structural reliability analysis has become a critical aspect of engineering design for vibro-acoustic systems. With the increasing complexity and uncertainty of design parameters, it is essential to develop methods and tools that can accurately account for all the sources of uncertainty. This paper presents a novel approach for structural reliability analysis of vibro-acoustic systems with interval parameters within the framework of Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). By introducing the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula and the sub-interval technique, a modified interval perturbation statistical energy analysis is proposed to predict the interval bounds of energy and stress response. Then, the non-probabilistic structural reliability is assessed by using the volume ratio theory. Case studies of a plate-cavity system and a launch fairing model, in which the interval uncertainties in external loads and material properties are considered, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed method can effectively handle uncertainties and provide accurate estimates of the probability of failure.

OBILJEŽJA NEFORMALNOG RIZIČNOG KAPITALA U ČEŠKOJ: KVANTITATIVNO ISTRAŽIVANJE

In this paper, the demographic and investment profiles of business angels operating in the Czech Republic are evaluated based on a sample of 78 angel investors. This is the first attempt to use data on investor activities from the Pitchbook database, which has become increasingly popular in academic research. Beyond the framework of descriptive statistical analysis, a multidimensional statistical investigation using cluster analysis was conducted. The results show that there are two groups of angel investors in the Czech Republic. The first group is represented by investors who predominantly have a large active portfolio, as well as the number of total completed investments. On the other hand, the second cluster is made up of investors who conduct a smaller number of investments and are also in the position of the founder of a start-up. Not surprisingly, there are two main locations of angel investors in the Czech Republic, Brno and Prague. Both categories of typical investors are united by some demographic characteristics; for example, the market is dominated by middle-aged men with a completed Master’s degree in Economics who invest in start-ups in the field of information and communication technologies. The main contribution of the paper consists in evaluating the demographic and investment profiles of angel investors operating in the Czech business environment. The results of the research have implications for upcoming research, the informal venture capital industry, and public policy beyond the Czech business environment, while developing tools for fostering an angel ecosystem. In today’s globalized world, the boundaries of angel investors are often blurred. Just as start-ups have ambitions to expand internationally, informal venture capitalists are increasingly making cross-border deals. From the perspective of both investee firms and policy makers, it is thus important to know the profiles of not only domestic but also foreign business angels, e.g. with regard to the setting of public support for foreign capital inflows.

Numerical solution of Kiefer-Weiss problems when sampling from continuous exponential families

In this article, we deal with problems of testing hypotheses in the framework of sequential statistical analysis. The main concern is the optimal design and performance evaluation of sampling plans in Kiefer-Weiss problems. The main goal of the Kiefer-Weiss problem is designing hypothesis tests that minimize the maximum average sample number, over all parameter values, as opposed to both the sequential probability tests (SPRTs) minimizing the average sample number only at two hypothesis points and the classical fixed-sample-size test. For observations that follow a distribution from an exponential family of the continuous type, we provide algorithms for optimal design in the modified Kiefer-Weiss problem and obtain formulas for evaluating the performance of sequential tests by calculating the operating characteristic function, the average sample number, and some related characteristics. These formulas cover, as a particular case, the SPRTs and their truncated versions, as well as optimal finite-horizon sequential tests. In the setting of the original Kiefer-Weiss problem we apply the method of our recent work (Sequential Analysis 2022, 41(2), 198–219) for numerical construction of the optimal tests. For the particular case of sampling from a normal distribution with a known variance, we make numerical comparisons of the Kiefer-Weiss solution with the SPRT and the fixed-sample-size test provided that the three tests have the same levels of the error probabilities. All of the algorithms are implemented in the form of computer code written in the R programming language and are available at the GitHub public repository (https://github.com/tosinabase/Kiefer-Weiss). Guidelines on the adaptation of the program code to other exponential family distributions are provided.

How transdisciplinary integration, creativity and student motivation interact in three STEAM projects for gifted education?

The study analyses the relationship between transdisciplinary integration, creativity and student motivation in three STEAM projects. It has been carried out over 3 years in a programme for gifted students. 152 students (11–12 years old), five teachers and four external professionals participated. The projects included a variety of scientific, humanistic and artistic activities, together with outings, the collaboration of experts and the creation of a transdisciplinary art-based final products. The research was carried out through the analysis of qualitative data (interviews, video-recordings, participant observation) using Atlas.ti8 within the framework of Activity Theory and statistical analysis of questionnaires. It shows how the transdisciplinary integration favoured a complex approach to knowledge with an essential role of the artistic-based transdisciplinary final products and fostered a plural approach to creativity. The active participation of the students favoured their motivation and involvement. The significant correlation between creativity, student motivation and transdisciplinary integration emerges as a key element in the STEAM projects implemented.

Kramers–Moyal analysis of interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations at sub-ion scales

In the framework of statistical time series analysis of complex dynamics, we present a multiscale characterization of solar wind turbulence in the near-earth environment. The data analysis, based on the Markov process theory, is meant to estimate the Kramers–Moyal coefficients associated with the measured magnetic field fluctuations. In fact, when the scale-to-scale dynamics can be successfully described as a Markov process, first- and second-order Kramers–Moyal coefficients provide a complete description of the dynamics in terms of Langevin stochastic process. The analysis is carried out using high-resolution magnetic field measurements gathered by Cluster during a fast solar wind period on January 20, 2007. This analysis extends recent findings in the near-Sun environment with the aim of testing the universality of the Markovian nature of the magnetic field fluctuations in the sub-ion/kinetic domain.

Tax procedural proof: problems of theory and practice

The subject of this study is the legal norms contained in legislation, other legal acts, as well as materials of law enforcement practice that determine the specifics of tax procedural evidence. This article also analyzes the experience of legal regulation of the mechanism of tax procedural evidence, examines the gaps in tax legislation directly related to the topic under consideration.The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the features of evidence in the tax process, to study the application of evidence theory in the activities of tax authorities, to develop new ways, means and simplified procedures for effective proof, as well as to prepare appropriate regulatory changes. The objectives of the study are to identify and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the current state of the regulatory regulation of the means and procedures of tax procedural proof; to study the distribution of the duty of proof from the position of the presumptions proclaimed in tax legislation, the established grounds for exemption from proof, as well as the blocks of circumstances formed by law enforcement practice that are subject to proof, respectively, by the tax authority and a participant in the tax process controlled by it; formulation of the author 's position on the general rule of burden of proof distribution and proposals for adaptation in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation constructions of grounds for exemption from proof according to the presented concept; allocation of stages of evidentiary activity carried out within the framework of the tax process.Methodology. Within the framework of this article, general scientific methods were applied in the framework of comparative, logical and statistical research and analysis of law enforcement and judicial practice in the field of tax process.The main results. Within the framework of the study, a number of issues related to the chosen topic were considered. First of all, it is necessary to understand that by proving in the tax process, one should consider the procedural activities of authorized participants in the tax process for collecting, researching and evaluating evidence, ensuring the adoption of legitimate and justified procedural decisions on issues that are subject to the regulation of tax legislation. The general subject of proof in the tax process is the circumstances relevant to the decision of the tax authority in the cases provided for by the legislation on taxes and fees, determined by the tax authority based on the substance of the relationship and the positions of its participants in accordance with the applicable rules of substantive law in cases where such circumstances are not defined by the legislation on taxes and fees. For the general the rule for distributing the burden of tax procedural proof is to adopt the following judgment: "Each participant in the relationship regulated by the legislation on taxes and fees, in order to comprehensively and most fully establish the facts relevant to the decision of the tax authority in the cases provided for by the legislation on taxes and fees, must prove the circumstances to which he refers as the basis of his procedural position (claims, objections)."Conclusions. The interests of the state in replenishing the budget should not lead to violations of the rights of an unlimited number of taxpayers. To do this, it is necessary to apply the norms on the presumption of innocence and increased standards for proving an offense committed by a taxpayer in tax disputes. The imposition by the tax authorities of their approach to regulating tax legal relations is going beyond the powers of the tax authorities. The application in practice of the presumption of taxpayers' guilt in committing a tax offense, which is not provided for by law, violates not only the private interests of taxpayers, but also represents an encroachment on public interests, on public order, since obvious injustice is being done.

Closed-loop intermittent sensor fault detection for linear stochastic time-delay systems with unknown disturbances

In this paper, the problem of closed-loop intermittent sensor fault (ISF) detection is investigated for a class of linear stochastic time-delay systems with unknown disturbances. A modified unknown input observer (UIO) is proposed to eliminate the influence of delayed errors caused by the discrete-time proportional-integral controller and constant time delay. In order to detect the appearing time and disappearing time of the ISF, a truncated residual is designed by introducing a sliding-time window. Moreover, two hypothesis tests are utilised to set the ISF detection thresholds, and the detectability, false alarm rates as well as missing alarm rates of the ISF are analysed in the framework of statistical analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via a simulation example of a simplified radial flight control system.

Design and performance evaluation in Kiefer-Weiss problems when sampling from discrete exponential families

In this article, we deal with problems of testing hypotheses in the framework of sequential statistical analysis. The main concern is the optimal design and performance evaluation of sampling plans in the Kiefer-Weiss problems. For the case of observations following a discrete exponential family, we provide algorithms for optimal design in the modified Kiefer-Weiss problem and obtain formulas for evaluating their performance, calculating operating characteristic function, average sample number, and some related characteristics. These formulas cover, as a particular case, sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs) and their truncated versions, as well as optimal finite-horizon sequential tests. On the basis of the developed algorithms we propose a method of construction of optimal tests and their performance evaluation for the original Kiefer-Weiss problem. All algorithms are implemented as functions in the R programming language and can be downloaded from https://github.com/tosinabase/Kiefer-Weiss, where the code for the binomial, Poisson, and negative binomial distributions is readily available. Finally, we make numerical comparisons of the Kiefer-Weiss solution with the SPRT and the fixed-sample-size test having the same levels of the error probabilities.

Современное состояние, проблемы и перспективы развития отечественного гражданского судостроения

Object and purpose of research. The object of the study is domestic shipbuilding, its problems and ways to solve them. The article is intended to study the current state of the Russian shipbuilding industry, to investigate the tasks of its further development and to formulate priority measures to stimulate this development. Materials and methods. The solution of the tasks set in the article was carried out on the basis of application of general scientific methods in the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis, study of literary sources in regards to the issue in consideration as well as through the study of structures of domestic shipbuilding industries, pricing methods, financial analysis, etc. The material is extensive statistical data on the production programs of shipbuilding yards. Main results. A study of the state of contemporary domestic shipbuilding has been carried out. The analysis of trends in the development of world shipbuilding at the turn of the century allowed us to identify the general directions that form the image of promising Russian shipbuilding technologies. It is concluded that the world level of development of technical and software tools, as well as communication tools, allows us to move to fundamentally new methods of design, construction and support of vessels and ships operation based on a single information space and providing information support for all stages of the ship's life cycle (information support of the life cycle, or CALS-technology). Conclusion. According to the conducted research of the shipbuilding market, the nomenclature and production volumes of Russian enterprises do not fully cover the existing needs of shipbuilding. However, the domestic shipbuilding industry has sufficient scientific, technical, production and technological potential and market capacity. Our manufacturers have every chance to take a leading position in commercial fleet construction segment in the near future, because the need for Russian-made components with technical and operational characteristics that are not inferior to foreign analogues will increase. Today favourable conditions are forming to stimulate the localization of production. At the same time, the key factors are the stability of Russian legislation and compliance with the obligations assumed by the state, which will ensure the attraction of long-term localization and indigenisation projects in general. The development of own production of a wide range in shipbuilding industry will allow the Russian Federation to pursue a selfsustained and independent policy aimed at ensuring the technological security of the country. To solve such a complex task, an integrated, systematic approach is needed, involving close cooperation between the state, business, and research institutes, which as a result will allow us to build an optimal program for the development of the entire industry.

Innovation Model of College Education Based on Nonlinear Random Matrix Organization and Management

At present, the scientific research and innovation team in colleges and universities has become an important carrier for the development of science and technology and personnel training in China, but in terms of its development status, the role of the scientific research and innovation team has not been really brought into play. Most colleges and universities only have the organizational form of scientific research and innovation teams. Too many scientific research tasks still rely on a small number of backbones. The cohesion of the team is not enough, and the combined force of the team is not manifested. In production practice, more and more high-dimensional data with dimension p approaching or even exceeding the number of samples n are collected and stored. Unlike traditional data analysis, high-dimensional data analysis is more complex and difficult. Layer of scientific research and innovation teams in colleges and universities is often ignored by managers, which is manifested by ignoring the cultural construction of the team. In the eyes of team managers, the time spent on building a team culture is far less than the time it takes to do a few more scientific experiments. University scientific research and innovation team is a multi-level network system. The asymptotic and nonasymptotic theories of random matrices break the framework of classical multivariate statistical analysis and are very suitable for the study of statistical characteristics of high-dimensional data, which can help machine learning algorithms to complete the analysis of high-dimensional data and expand its application range. The research and innovation team in colleges and universities is deeply analyzed from the perspective of nonlinearity. It is believed that the scientific research and innovation team in colleges and universities is a complex nonlinear system in terms of scientific research objects-interdisciplinary research, or from the perspective of personnel composition. Correspondingly, the construction should be considered from a nonlinear perspective in the process, following the systematic, integral, and multi-dimensional characteristics of nonlinear systems. Specifically applied to the construction of the team, first, from a macro perspective, three principles should be paid attention to at the beginning of the creation of the team, and then the specific application should be explained in detail. It is hoped that a new perspective will be put forward in the construction of scientific research innovation teams in colleges and universities to better promote the development of teams.

ON SOME PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LEGAL REGULATION OF SMUGGLING OF CULTURAL VALUES

The problem of cultural property smuggling is not new to Russia. Every year, a huge amount of cargo is moved across the border of our country, including rare items, publications, etc. Many of these values are an essential component of the cultural wealth of Russia. This study mainly investigates some prevalent issues of criminal legal regulation of smuggling cultural values. To do so, the general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis are considered. Based on the results obtained, it can be inferred that the criminal law protection of cultural property from illegal transportation across the state border is far from ideal. Hence, it seems crucial to single out the smuggling of cultural property as a separate corpus delicti, including increased liability in the presence of qualifying signs to boost the practice of applying criminal liability for this crime.

ROUND DANCE TRADITION OF BELGORIE: THE SEMANTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECT

The accumulated rich archival material on the musical folklore of the Belgorod region actualizes the problem of the semantic analysis of round dance songs as the dominant genre of the region’s traditional culture. In this work, based on expeditionary materials and researchers’ publications, the choreographic forms of round dances (circular karagods, tanks, figured tanks) of the Belgorod region are identified and described. The general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis are utilized. The systematic approach to research used in the process of modeling dance culture contributed to the reconstruction of the three-part picture of the world, captured in the dance in many versions.

Structural policy priorities in agriculture of Russia

The goal is to analyze the current state of Russian agriculture and the main problems of its further development. Designate indicators and parameters of macroeconomics that must be taken into account when assessing structural changes. Propose an algorithm for the formation of structural policy in Russian agriculture, justify the need and main problems of its implementation. Methods – the work on the article was carried out on the basis of the application of general scientific empirical methods in the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis, as well as through the analysis of structure and dynamics, tabular and graphical interpretation of information, etc. Relevance – it is noted that by 2020, the recovery growth in agricultural economy, which began at the turn of the century, has been completed, which made it possible to overcome the decline in production in the 1990s, ensure the country's food independence and create conditions for the transition to export-oriented development. At the same time, the indicators of the country's self-sufficiency in a number of products (milk, vegetables and melons, potatoes, fruits and berries), which were established by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, have not been achieved. The share of spending on food in the family consumer budgets remains high. The development of agriculture is highly dependent on the supply of foreign technologies, machinery and equipment, seeds and breeding material, which creates risks for food security. The growth of agricultural production has little effect on the solution of social problems of the countryside. The intensification of agricultural production leads to the aggravation of environmental problems. Results – in the framework of this article, the directions of structural policy in Russian agriculture are considered, according to which the strategic documents of industry development are being adjusted. The author also considers the main directions of agricultural and rural policy aimed to solve these problems: stimulating investment in the industry; improvement of scientific and technical support for agriculture; measures to reduce price volatility in agri-food market; overcoming the departmental approach to rural development and diversifying the rural economy; measures to improve soil fertility and ecological situation in agriculture. Conclusions – the areas of improvement of agricultural policy which are considered in the framework of the article, the work on which is actively being carried out today by AIC management bodies, will play an important role in the development of agro-industrial complex of Russia. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure compliance between the tasks set for AIC to achieve the country's food security, increasing export potential of domestic agri-food products, sustainable development of rural areas and envisaged measures, as well as financial resources which are allocated for the development.

Development of treasury management of public procurement: problems and prospects

The subject of this study is the legal norms contained in legislation, other legal acts, as well as materials of law enforcement practice regulating the process of treasury management of budgetary funds. This article also analyzes the experience of legal regulation of the mechanism of treasury management of budgetary funds during public procurement, examines the gaps in budget legislation directly related to the topic under consideration.The purpose of this article is to consider the problems and prospects of the development of the Institute of the Federal Treasury in the Russian Federation. The reason for this study was multiple scientific discussions, which caused an ambiguous reaction from the legal community of Russia. The gaps in the budget legislation directly related to the topic under consideration are considered.The methodology. General scientific methods were applied in the framework of comparative, logical and statistical research and analysis of law enforcement and judicial practice in the field of treasury management of budget funds.The main results. A number of issues related to the chosen topic were considered. First of all, it is necessary to understand how the legal regulation of treasury management of budgetary funds is carried out. The form of legal regulation of treasury management differed from other forms and instruments of control the norms on treasury management were established annually by the federal law on the federal budget and acts of the Russian Government, Russian Ministry of Finance and the Federal Treasury adopted in pursuance of this federal law. Secondly, it is worth noting how the procedure for treasury management of budgetary funds during public procurement is built. The mechanism of treasury management provides for operations on personal accounts opened in the Federal Treasury with funds received from the relevant budget in the form of subsidies and budget investments, as well as funds directed to the execution of government contracts, contracts, the sourceof financing of which is the budget of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. Thirdly, it is necessary to understand what prospects the institute of treasury management of public procurement has. Trends in the development of the institute of treasury management show that quantitative parameters will grow, including due to the use of "extended" treasury management and due to the spread of technological solutions to the level of subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities.Conclusions. Treasury management of budgetary funds during public procurement is a new institution of budget law, a comprehensive budgetary and legal instrument of public administration, which is used at the stage of budget execution for expenditures to exercise financial control over the public procurement, contracts with legal entities and sole proprietors who are not participants in the budget process. In addition, treasury management is a tool with sufficient elasticity and relative "versatility". At its core, it allows you to strengthen control over the targeted and effective use of budget funds, ensure transparency and openness of procurement procedures and execution of state contracts; reduce unscrupulous suppliers in the chain of co-executors while ensuring proper execution of the state contract; increase financial discipline of the parties to the contract. It is also worth noting that treasury management minimizes some of the risks inherent in the use process. This institution should be considered as a system element in a larger mechanism of budget monitoring.

Electrochemical impedance characteristics at various conditions for commercial solid–liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries: Part. 2. Modeling and prediction

Solid–liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries (SLELBs) have good commercial viability in electric vehicle applications because they combine the safety of solid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries with the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries (LELBs). The safe and efficient operation of electric vehicles is inseparable from the key battery management algorithms such as battery state of charge (SOC), state of health and state of power estimation. In the process of designing battery management algorithms for SLELBs, it is essential to have an accurate understanding of battery behavior under different influencing factors and to build a high-fidelity battery simulation model. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can be used to study the electrode process dynamics and ion transport mechanism in lithium-ion batteries. It is an urgent challenge to use EIS to experiment and analyze the characteristic impedances of SLELBs under the full-scale factors and to construct the battery model and simulate the battery impedance under the premise of a reasonable number of tests.In this series of two papers, we first propose a regression model of temperature and SOC One-Way factor SLELB characteristic impedances through a full-scale experimental design under the theoretical framework of experimental optimization design and statistical analysis. Then, in order to construct the model under the premise of a reasonable number of tests, an orthogonal experiment is designed and an orthogonal piecewise polynomial Arrhenius-simplified equivalent circuit model (SECM) for SLELB impedance prediction of the Two-Way factor of temperature and SOC is established. These models can accurately describe SLELB behavior under different factors, improve the understanding of SLELB electrode processes, and predict the impedance spectrum of SLELB, all of which support the key battery management algorithms. In the first paper, the characteristic impedances in the EIS were identified to facilitate a systematic analysis at different temperatures and SOCs in a full-scale experimental design. The Arrhenius and polynomial regression models of the One-Way factor SLELB characteristic impedances of temperature and SOC were established.In this second paper, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) based on the first principles of the electrode process of SLELB is established and simplified according to the EIS impedance frequency range to obtain the SECM. In order to construct the battery model under the premise of a reasonable number of experiments, we design an orthogonal experiments scheme to reduce the number of experiments to half that of the full-scale experiments. An orthogonal piecewise polynomial Arrhenius (OPPA) temperature and SOC Two-Way factor parameter model is established using ANOVA considering the interaction of the ECM model parameters. The experimental results show that OPPA has an accurate prediction performance for ECM parameters with a reasonable number of segments and orders. The predictive performance of OPPA-SECM is similar to that of full-scale piecewise polynomial Arrhenius (FPPA)-SECM, and the number of OPPA-SECM experiments is reduced by half that of FPPA-SECM experiments.

Новые направления использования инструментов зеленого финансирования как фактор развития рынка

The subject of the study is the use of green finance instruments in the context of sustainable development priorities to increase their liquidity and develop relevant markets. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of using Green bonds as investment and reserve assets by conservative investors. The article analyzes the state and trends in the development of green finance markets and proposes a solution to the problem of increasing the liquidity of Green bonds based on new directions of their use, supported by general scientific research methods in the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis, as well as graphical visualization and interpretation of data. The conducted research has shown that the interest in green financing instruments is due to the transformation of the goals and priorities of private and public investors and reflects the need for sustainable development and environmental conservation. In terms of profitability and reliability, Green bonds meet the criteria set for asset placement by conservative investors, such as banks and insurance companies. The use of Green bonds provides the necessary diversification of the securities portfolio, improvement of its structure, reduction of risks, increases the confidence of investors and creditors. It is concluded that Green bonds denominated in Euros should be used to improve the structure and quality of international assets of central banks in conditions of falling confidence in the US dollar.