Community Development Framework Research Articles

Elderly safety and accessibility as planning considerations for residential areas along the Alalak Riverbank, Banjarmasin

The community living along the Alalak riverbank in Banjarmasin is highly dependent on the river including transportation purposes, economic, social, and cultural support, and for daily needs. This underlines the importance of access to the river, which supported by wooden footbridges. Meanwhile, community members who depend on the river vary from children to the elderly whereas the elderly have different needs compared to other age groups. Several accidents with the elderly have been recorded in the last five years due to the poor accessibility to facilities. This study evaluated the cause of the poor accessibility to facilities for the elderly and the community planning process in the area. The planning process is discussed within the framework of community development and transformative planning theories. The study uses descriptive-qualitative methods. Five neighborhood groups or RukunTetangga (RT) have been chosen as samples using purposive sampling. This study demonstrated that there is no established planning process for the provision and constructionof access facilities. The poor accessibility to facilities iscausedby two factors, i.e., the lack of consideration for the needs of the elderly in the planning process, and poor maintenance.

A conceptual framework for integrating bicycle friendliness into community development

ABSTRACTA community that depends on passenger vehicles powered by fossil fuels may have a variety of environmental and societal problems. Previous research has suggested that active transportation helps to alleviate issues related to obesity, pollution, traffic congestion, and social isolation and thus improves a community’s livability. However, creating an active-transportation friendly environment remains a challenge to communities. This paper proposes the Integrating Bicycle Friendliness into Community Development (IBFCD) framework to better explain the relationship between livable communities and bicycle friendly environments. The framework expands The League of American Bicyclists (LAB)’s five essential elements of a bicycle-friendly community and incorporates three major community development approaches and six psychological and behavioral factors related to community development. The framework suggests that building a livable community is based on three independent multifaceted components, which when considered together are stronger than any individual component.

A methodological framework for sustainable development with vulnerable communities

The Smart Community Development Framework (SCDF) is a methodological framework that selectively identifies and optimizes sustainable development approaches such as permaculture, sustainable livelihood approaches, community-based social marketing, environmental impact assessments and project management to effectively design and introduce clean social technologies for and with vulnerable communities. The framework was created and evaluated with the goal of ensuring community-empowered decision-making that will result in permanent and sustainable improvements to community design, infrastructure, and technology. The SCDF model is a workflow model that supports communities in establishing their vulnerability level and identifying problems; selecting targeted actions; determining resource availability and major obstacles; optimizing specific appropriate technologies and social programmes to address problems; assessing environment impact and implementation; analyzing empowerment; and developing power transfer guidelines. Local leaders, engineers, project managers and policymakers can use the SCDF model to collaborate in the formulation of effective action plans worldwide.

ROLE AND ECONOMIC POLICIES AND POLICIES DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND CREATIVE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT BELITUNG Cape Kelayang TOURISM DESTINATION AS ICON AND ENDS SPEAR TOURISM BELITUNG

The Focus in this study is to discuss the development of tourism, particularly conducted by the Department of Ceative Economy and Tourism Belitung Regency in the development of tourism destination Tanjung Kelayang as icon and the spearhead of tourism Belitung as alternative tourist destinations. Tourism is important to the district of Belitung, for being the third largest source of foreign exchange, the wealth of natural and cultural potential of a very broad and diverse, besides tourism an effective tool in empowering and improving the local economy. The authors found significant value that can be taken from the Tourism Village development within the framework of community development is to increase the consumption of local products, empowering the local work force, for example tour guides, lodge manager (homestay), restaurants, craftsmen, performing arts, Increase public awareness of the values traditions and local culture and the uniqueness of its natural environment. The results also revealed a tourist village development initiatives generated by society and government encouragement, needs to be integrated with the global tourism associated with marketing by (travel agent / tour operator) in order to have access to the tourist market Keyword: Tourism Development, Tourism Village, Belitung Regency

Comparison between Economic Factors Influencing Development in the Association of South-East Asian Nations Regional Bloc and the East African Community

Regionalism in Africa has been pursued to foster economic growth and outgrowth. Despite the numerous efforts towards economic integration by the East African regional states, success has been limited. There is no comprehensive integration policy to cement the East African regional states. Although several authors have examined the influence of regionalism from various perspectives and regions, they have not addressed the EAC and the ASEAN in a comparative context. This knowledge gap motivated the current study whose specific objective was to assess the economic factors which influence development in the EAC and the ASEAN regional blocs. The study was guided by the Power Theories. It employed the concurrent mixed methods approach, incorporating the survey design for the quantitative component, and the exploratory design for the qualitative component. The study used both purposive and stratified random sampling to select respondents from members of the EAC Secretariat, delegates attending various EAC council and summit meetings, ASEAN diplomatic representatives within the EAC Partner States and officers from the Ministries of East African Community and Foreign Affairs. The study utilized primary data collected using questionnaires and interview guides.. The study established that The EAC member states have embraced similar policies on human development, social benefit and protection, across the region. The results of this study have demonstrated that, despite the numerous efforts of advancing economic integration by the East African regional states, real, tangible success is still an illusion. Pragmatic realization of mutual political trust needs to be embraced if the goal of economic integration is to be realized. The study recommends the development of a legislative and economic framework (laws, policies and guidelines) for Community Development within partner states as well as harmonization of democratization policies, processes and practices.

A Systemic Indicators Framework for Sustainable Rural Community Development

Community indicators have been of special interest to scholars worldwide, because of their vital role in community development. Nevertheless, the best way to identify indicators is still unclear, especially for rural communities in developing countries where the complexity of rural systems give rise to special challenges. Following conceptual and empirical stages of the development of a systemic framework for identifying indicators for rural community in developing countries, our participatory action research moves to critical reflection, undertaken with the participants in the original fieldwork. This paper discusses findings from that reflection, in workshops and in-depth interviews, considered, also, in the context of our experiences in the previous stages of research. It finds that the positive impact of the framework was reflected in increases to the communities’ human and social capital, although several weaknesses in the framework implementation were also revealed. This paper introduces reflection-based improvement to the framework and also discusses a set of principles as a foundation for implementing the framework in rural settings in developing economies.

Developing Leadership Through “Serviceship”: Leveraging the Intersection Between Service-Learning and Professional Internship

Considering the role of higher education in preparing the next generation of leaders for social change, leadership education is challenged to consider how best to prepare young adults for socially responsible leadership. Service-learning and professional internships, separately, have been identified as vehicles for preparing young adults for leadership roles. The purpose of this Application Brief is to describe a hybrid of service-learning and professional internships, called “Serviceship,” which employs undergraduate students as interns for a community rather than a company. Now in its fifth year at a Midwestern, four-year land-grant institution, the “Serviceship” program has placed 21 interns in 11 rural communities. Utilizing an asset-based community development framework, undergraduate students are matched with rural communities whose local leaders have self-identified a community development project.

Evaluation of the legal framework for promoting sustainable development in the extractive host communities in Nigeria

The extraction of oil and mineral wealth has some environmental, social, economic and political impact on the host communities. In many instances these communities do not derive any sustainable developmental benefit from the wealth extraction activities in their area and where they do, it is less than the magnitude of harm suffered. This has contributed to conflicts between government and host communities, and between host communities and mining companies. This suggests that either there is no legal framework for extractive industry host community development or they are weak or not applied. In Nigeria, existing legal framework includes revenue allocation formulas between the Federal and State Governments, the establishment of bodies like the Niger Delta Development Commission, and enactment of laws like the Nigeria Minerals and Mining Act (NMMA) 2007, the Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI) Act 2007 and the proposal of the Petroleum Industry Bill 2012 and the recently passed Petroleum Industry Governance Bill 2016. However, despite this framework, contentions persist and there is sparse evidence of sustainable development in host communities to counter some conclusions of ineffectiveness. This article, therefore, examines some of the legal framework to determine their contribution or otherwise and potential towards sustainable host community development.Key Words: Extractive industry, local host community development, Nigeria, petroleum industry, sustainability.

Developing Rural Water Systems: An Evaluation of Haiti’s First Chlorinated Municipal Water System in the Central Plateau

Haiti has the worst drinking-water indicators in the Western Hemisphere and access to improved water sources has not dramatically improved for over two decades. This limited success despite hefty investments can be attributed to a variety of reasons including lack of community involvement and lack of long-term support of operation and maintenance for rural water systems. This paper presents a case study of Haiti’s first municipal chlorinated water system in the rural Central Plateau and critically examines its effectiveness. While the technology behind the Cange water system is highly innovative and effective, its lack of community involvement and feasible operation/maintenance jeopardizes its long-term viability. Methods to sustain the system without major external intervention are currently being developed and attempted through a partnership with Haiti’s public water sector. NGOs and organizations should ensure that an appropriate community development framework is established prior to system installation so that these problems can be avoided.

Re-Building Coal Country: A Church/University Partnership

This paper describes a developing partnership between a church-based service learning center and a university initiative to build a field station in a low-income community in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania. It is a case study of how secular and religious institutions have been collaborating to achieve the shared goal of improving social conditions in specific communities. The theoretical focus of the paper is on how a change from a “glass is half empty” to a “glass is half full” perception of the community opens new possibilities for change. This paper concentrates on the story of one partnership as a case study demonstrating current trends in service learning both within universities and within the Catholic Church in America. Analysis centers on the basic question of why the project had symbolic power for both partners and on the institutional processes within both organizations that helped the partnership grow. We use the framework of Assets-Based Community Development (ABCD), also known as the “strengths perspective”, to conceptualize the contrast.

Community sustainability and resilience: similarities, differences and indicators

ABSTRACTSustainability has been a core conceptual framework for community development since the approach was popularized in 1987, although in its essence it reflects a long history of environmental conservation reactions to industrialization. Resilience, as a framework for understanding and approaching community development, emerged more gradually out of ecological studies in the 1980s, but has only recently, since the mid-2000s, emerged as a focus of public interest as a way of responding and adapting to the planet's growing anthropogenic changes. For many, sustainability and resilience are slightly nuanced perspectives on the same phenomenon. For others, however, there are distinct differences between them, with sustainability's conservation goals being in opposition to the adaptation goals of resilience. Two major reasons for these confusions are (1) both concepts are defined and used in many different ways to achieve a variety of political goals that may not reflect their core definitions, and (2) both concepts share similar goals and some common approaches, such as a focus on climate change and seeking a balance between humans and nature. Returning to the core definitions of conservation and adaptation helps to clarify their similarities and differences, as well as to articulate indicators for understanding how each applies to community tourism development. Indicators from research in rural Taiwan tourism communities were therefore based on responses to the questions: What does the community want to conserve and how do they want to do it (sustainability)? What do they want to change and how do they want to do it (resilience)? Preliminary results suggest that the new ideal community is the one that is both sustainable and resilient.

A Community Development Framework Based on the Maqasid Shariah and the Millenium Development Goals

The article is an attempt to integrate the context of Maqasid al shariah as a framework for Community development and the Millenium Development Goals (MDG's). This article aims to help people understand the perspective that by understanding the perspective of Islam through the Maqasid al-Shariah, one can be able to see that community development planners would be able to integrate these ideas and see a harmonius relationship with the MDGs. In the long run, this would enable community development planners to be more sensitive to the unique needs of Muslims enabling Muslims to define and express development in terms that they find nearer to their spirituality.

Asset mapping for an Asian American community: Informal and formal resources for community building

With the growth of the Asian American population in the Southern region of the United States, mainstream and Asian American community must be aware of both informal and formal supports that are available for the population in order to effectively address needs and allocate resources. This community-based project identified informal and mainstream support that is available to an Asian American community using asset mapping. The asset-based community development framework was used in which the capacities of the local people and their associations are recognized to be essential in building a more powerful community, to helping a community be more self-sustaining, and to developing better relationships among entities. This study provides an inventory of community assets that otherwise may have been ignored and thus has the potential to contribute to a better functioning Asian American community in Jacksonville, Florida. 719 assets were identified as available potential resources for members of the Asian American community with a majority as formal resources. Of the informal assets, a majority are organizations. In general, formal resources are centralized, whereas informal resources are more evenly distributed throughout the city. These results can contribute to the establishment of more culturally accessible services and utilization of services.

Sustainability Through Happiness: A Framework for Sustainable Development

AbstractHappiness is commonly thought of as an individual characteristic for which each person is solely responsible. However, happiness is also a community characteristic influenced by factors external to the individual. This article offers an alternative sustainable community development framework that focuses on improved opportunities for happiness. Key components of the framework include happiness visioning, public participation, a happiness profit inventory, and systems planning and sustainability interventions. Lessons learned from applying this framework to a neighborhood in a fast‐growing region in the southwestern United States are drawn. Ultimately, happiness offers a universal measure focused on the quality of human life and a community development framework that may translate to a sustainable future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

Using Constructivist Case Study Methodology to Understand Community Development Processes: Proposed Methodological Questions to Guide the Research Process

Often, research projects are presented as final products with the methodologies cleanly outlined and little attention paid to the decision-making processes that led to the chosen approach. Limited attention paid to these decision-making processes perpetuates a sense of mystery about qualitative approaches, particularly for new researchers who will likely encounter dilemmas and uncertainties in their research. This paper presents a series of questions that assisted one Ph.D. student in making key methodological choices during her research journey. In this study, a collective case study design informed by constructivist grounded theory data analysis methods was used to develop a framework of community development from an occupational therapy perspective. Ten methodological questions are proposed regarding research question development, research paradigm, design and analysis, and trustworthiness. Drawing on examples from this research project, these questions are used to explicate the decisions made “behind the scenes”, with the intention of providing both theoretical and practical guidance to others embarking on similar research journeys.

Konseptualisasi Pembangunan Komuniti melalui Analisis Konsep Struktur Sosial, Teori Modal Sosial dan Perspektif Realisme Kritikal

This article discusses the conceptualization of community development through sociological analysis of the concept of social structure and social capital through the lenses of critical realism. The main goal of the discussion is to develop a novel conceptual framework of community development using the typical setting of a Malay community that practices the Islamic way of life as the basis. Social capital theory, structuration theory and critical realism philosophical perspective were utilized as the theoretical basis for the development of the framework. The concept of social capital regards the community as incubators for resources deemed crucial for individual and community well-being. The harnessing of these resources in the form of social capital is considered an important factor in the overall process of community development. perspective provide the theoretical basis capable of delineating the processes and mechanisms involved in the production of social capital and thereby increase the community functioning. The resulting conceptual framework provides a non-conventional view of the process of community development and provides better understanding of the role of religious institutions such as the community mosque. Additionally, structuration theory and critical realism

The development of female Muslim life-savers

This teaching case illustrates the use of community development strategies to increase and enhance community sport participation of a targeted minority group. Royal Life Saving Society of Australia is presented here as an example of an organisation that embraced cultural change and developed a strategic approach to inclusive provision for individuals from marginalised population groups. The case is based on a community development framework that includes multiple facets: a shared concern about a social problem requiring action; encouraging the active participation of a marginalised group; forming public sector partnerships to pool resources and build political support; adopting collaborative principles of organising; collectively developing and implementing action plans; and re-conceptualising traditional ideas around accountability. The case facilitates the examination of the theoretical and practical considerations of adopting a community development approach in sport management.

Enacting a framework for community development: Engagement and outcomes for students and faculty co-researchers

Enacting a framework for community development: Engagement and outcomes for students and faculty co-researchers

Enacting a Framework for Healthy Community Development: Engagement and Outcomes for Student and Faculty Co-researchers

AbstractHealthy community development in cities, workplaces and educational settings has been the focus of considerable research, policy and practice activity. Healthy community development emphasizes changing health determinants. While the theory is appealing, engaging community members to translate theory into action is challenging. This paper outlines a framework for healthy community development which brings together cross-sector community members to change health determinants. Use of the VOICE framework in a long term project with a university campus is described. In the project, campus community members work as co-researchers to assess the health of the community, identify priority issues, mobilize existing resources, and create health-promoting change. Project achievements have included improvements in campus community health and increases in research and healthy community development capacity of all types of co-researchers. This paper focuses on the engagement of students and faculty as co-researchers and outcomes for each group from participation. Outcomes for non-academic co-researchers (other community members) are briefly described. Related literature on community service learning and undergraduate student researchers is reviewed. Other campuses and communities can easily adapt the VOICE framework and engagement strategies to change health determinants in their settings.

‘Stepping Out’: Enabling Community Access to Green Space through Inter-disciplinary Practice Learning in Plymouth, UK

This paper presents a small-scale action research study of public health nursing and social work students’ practice-based learning. The study aimed to identify collaborative opportunities to improve access to green space for community residents in Plymouth, in the United Kingdom (UK). The student experience was nested within ‘Stepping Stones to Nature’ (SS2N), a city-wide initiative enabling local residents’ access to green space. A local health impact assessment (HIA) provided an over-arching partnership framework. The pedagogical aim was for students to learn and work together to make a real contribution to people’s lives. This innovation was enabled through the Plymouth University’s Teaching and Learning Strategy (2009–2012) and the Social Work programmes established structures for student’s learning in Community Development Projects (CDP). Through the action research methodology, we explored the potential for community development as a framework for inter-disciplinary learning. Our findings suggest that an inter-disciplinary pedagogy emerges through a community development framework for students’ practice-basedlearning.Inter-disciplinary learning was achieved through student-centred learning networks; a key shared concept was ‘Wellbeing and Sustainability’. Within this new practice-based context student learning is tenuously situated, yet positively achieved. Through changing health and social behaviours, student participation demonstrates: a) professional knowledge and skills, b) collaborative working, and c) change agency. SS2N partnerships enabled student’s evidence-based practice and highlighted that a student’s individual relationship to green space was critical to their engagement. Pedagogy that places inter-disciplinary practice learning at the core of teaching and learning about sustainability, environment and access to green space is indicated, alongside collaborative working to enable students to actively contribute to reducing health inequalities.