Frame Technique Research Articles

An Effective Control Technique to Implement an IUPQC Design for Sensitive Loads in a Hybrid Solar PV-Grid Connection

The recent innovation in power electronic application in the electrical power system (EPS) has given birth to an Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC) that positively impacts the electrical power system (EPS). The previously available mitigation approaches with the application IUPQC are monotonous and are major designs for a particular power quality (PQ) issue which does not take care of the degree of impart. This paper presents an effective control architecture of an IUPQC design for sensitive loads in hybrid Photovoltaic Solar (PV) connected grid, concentrating on the voltage demand of loads that respond to slight changes. The objective of this work is to design a flexible controller that can respond to the different degrees of PQ challenges concerning voltage, variable load, and solar irradiation. It has combined the merits of an IUPQC and grid-integrated PV source. Effective controllers for Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) connected in series and Current Source Inverter (CSI) connected in shunt compensators of the UPQC are implemented to increase device strength for different voltage and current distortions. The series compensator was controlled using an enhanced Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) technique based on adaptive notch filters. An Adaptive Logarithmic Absolute Algorithm (ALAL) was deployed for the parallel section of the proposed approach. The Mean Turning Filter (MTF) was used as a replacement for a low pass filter (LPF) for direct current node voltage management, leaving high and low-frequency ripples unaffected. To maintain a constant current on the grid side during grid disturbances, a feed-forward element has been introduced to the shunt CSI controller. Under various network situations, such as under-voltage, over-voltage, voltage distortion, harmonics, rapid load changes, and fluctuation in solar power, the control system performance is better as confirmed by experimental validation. Finally, it is observed that the voltage profile of 0.984 p.u. due to application control falling within the permissible limits. The proposed controllers are tested in the MATLAB Simulink on a developed distribution system model and validated experimental prototype.

Economic Integrated Structural Framing for BIM-Based Prefabricated Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Racks

Prefabrication, one of the methods to increase productivity by moving construction activity to factory work, has evolved into multi-trade prefabrication. Although previous studies have introduced the merits and directions of multi-trade prefabrication technology, various design and installation techniques must be developed for the economical application of multi-trade prefabrication. This study aims to provide an economical design for prefabricated mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) rack (PMR) structural framing. We proposed five types of PMR structural framing techniques and analyzed their required channel material and labor inputs through a pilot test. The efficiency of PMR structural frames was examined by adjusting the supporting interval, moving the duct outside, and removing the upper framing. Economics and productivity analysis revealed that removing the upper framing method was the most effective when the coordination period was secured. Adjusting the supporting intervals is also an economical design option. The findings of this study can help enhance the economic feasibility of prefabrication and modularization of construction and their widespread utilization.

Parallel Translations for a Left Invariant Spray

In this paper, we study the left invariant spray geometry on a connected Lie group. Using the technique of invariant frames, we find the ordinary differential equations on the Lie algebra describing for a left invariant spray structure the linearly parallel translations along a geodesic and the nonlinearly parallel translations along a smooth curve. In these equations, the connection operator plays an important role. Using parallel translations, we provide alternative interpretations or proofs for some homogeneous curvature formulae. In particular, the Riemannian curvture appears in both a double Lie derivative along the spray vector and brackets between smooth vector fields induced by the connection operator. We propose two questions in left invariant spray geometry. One question generalizes Landsberg Problem in Finsler geometry, and the other concerns the restricted holonomy group.

Secure video steganography using key frame and region selection technique

Secure video steganography using key frame and region selection technique

КОНЦЕПТ DOSTLUK В ТУРЕЦКОЙ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА

The article aims at studying the concept DOSTLUK (FRIENDSHIP) in the Turkish language world view. Being one of the basic ethical categories in human consciousness, this concept is verbalized through a variety of linguistic means and reflects the spiritual values of the ethnic group. The purpose of the study is to identify the cognitive features of the cultural concept DOSTLUK based on the assumption of its multi-layer structure including semantic, imagery and value constituents. The research material includes Turkish explanatory dictionaries, dictionaries of Turkish proverbs and sayings as well as the data from the Turkish National Corpus (TUD). The diversity of the problem under study determines the choice of various research methods: cognitive analysis of definitions, component analysis, contextual analysis, cognitive interpretation, framing techniques, etc. The semantic component of the concept DOSTLUK is represented as a frame including the subframes “Friendship as an Attitude/Relationship”, “Friendship as a Feeling/State”, “Subject(s) of Friendship”, “The Process of Friendship” and “The Value of Friendship”. The imagery component of the concept DOSTLUK is implemented with the help of metaphors (mainly artifact and natural). The value component of the concept is realized through various linguistic means containing evaluation, as well as the high frequency of use of the concept verbalizers that make up its nominative field. The author concludes that the concept DOSTLUK is a linguocultural ethical mental formation that models the situation and the state of friendship, with a pronounced value component.

Boiling the Frog Slowly: Reducing Resistance to Neoliberal Education Reform Through Window Dressing Strategies

Increasingly partisan perceptions of neoliberal education reforms and resistance to such reforms from communities they negatively impact have created challenges for some neoliberal reformers. This article uses a case study of the state takeover and dramatic reshaping of the Camden, New Jersey school district to examine how some reformers have responded to those challenges. We find that Camden's state-appointed superintendents used multiple messaging and framing techniques to diffuse community resistance to unpopular policies. We refer to these techniques collectively as window dressing because they are intended to create a perception of movement away from neoliberalism without actually changing neoliberal policies. These strategies are intended to move public opinion and discourage resistance without having to fundamentally address critiques of neoliberal reform. We posit that neoliberal reformers are likely to expand their use of window dressing techniques in response to a growing rejection of neoliberal education policies, particularly by Democrats and progressives.

Iklan Animasi “Sebuah Kenangan Manis” Dalam Perspektif Kritik

“Sebuah Kenangan Manis” comercial ads by Khong Huan company received a lot of attention and appreciation from many internet users when it was released. By using 2D animation media created using the frame by frame technique, it requires animators to draw images one by one to animate the drawings. The animation of “A Sweet Memories” interesting because it is quite rare for advertisements made by local studios to use 2D animation media with quality that can be said to compete with foreign animation. In addition, in the advertisement, Khong Huan also claims to use a Japanese animation style called anime, which in Indonesia has quite a lot of fans. In response to the many appreciations for this advertisement, this study will try to directly analyze the animation visuals of “Sebuah Kenangan Manis” advertisement by frame by frame.

Vertical screen in the digital world: New narrative form of vertical short films

Technology has affected the way cinema is produced and consumed. One of these effects is the transfer of film production and consumption to mobile devices. Mobile phones with vertical screens are not only a means of communication but are also involved in film production and consumption. Given this situation, visual content production for the vertical screen has also increased. This study examines the field of short films produced with vertical framing, which has been increasing, especially in the last decade. For this purpose, the content, form, and characteristics of vertical narrative in short films are revealed by analyzing short films in online festivals organized in the field of vertical short films. The study analyzes the common features of fifty short films and discusses the effects of digital transformation on short films as vertical narratives in the context of narrative form, framing techniques, and camera movements.

Design of stick-framed wood roofs under tornado wind loads

Light-frame wood construction comprises nearly 90% of the housing industry in Canada and the United States. The roofs of these houses can be constructed either entirely on site or using prefabricated trusses. Assembling the roof structure on site, otherwise known as stick-framing, is a framing technique with current code guidelines that are based on past practice and limited consideration of wind loads. This makes these roof structures susceptible to failure in high-speed wind events, such as tornadoes. This research proposes improved stick-framing guidelines that would work for EF-2 tornadoes. Using non-linear finite element analysis, a stick-framed roof was designed following the guidelines in the National Building Code of Canada. Non-linear links were used to model all of the connections between the members in the roof structure, with frame elements used to represent the members. Increasing wind loads were applied to the structure and the first elements of the roof that failed were improved using an iterative performance-based design approach until the performance target of resistance to EF-2 tornadoes was achieved. The failure of the roof-to-wall-connections and the lack of members used in the framing were the two main issues highlighted and addressed. Damage survey photos were used to compare failures observed in the model with failures after real tornado events, which demonstrate many similar failure modes. The research recommends the requirements to ensure stick-framed roofs can withstand EF-2 tornadoes. Most notable is an improved gable end frame, which gives the structure more roof-to-wall connections, as well as a more structurally sound frame where the loads are the highest. Other additions include struts, hurricane ties at all roof-to-wall connection locations and increased number of nails in various connections throughout the repeating inner frames. Minimum member sizes and qualities for each type of member used in the roof structure are also recommended.

Rural tourism product promotion: a comparison of message framing techniques

ABSTRACT Drawing on construal level theory, this study aims to examine the effects of construal level (high vs. low) and benefit type (self-benefit vs. other-benefit) on tourists’ purchase intention regarding main (package tour) and supporting (homestay) rural tourism products. Utilizing a mixed between-/within-group methodology with a 2 × 2 scenario-based experimental design, the analysis of 352 survey responses revealed that a message describing self-benefit with low construal outperformed other messages in two temporal scenarios (long vs. short distance). These results enrich our understanding of rural tourism promotion, laying theoretical foundations for future studies and providing practical implications for the tourism industry.

Effects of as-if risk framing of hazards on risk perception and its rebuttal

BackgroundThe difference between hazard and risk is crucial in risk assessment but rather unknown by non-experts. Hyper-partisan activists could use this knowledge gap to amplify risk perception by framing hazards as as-if risks, i.e., describing hazards as if their exposure is critical. Thus, using this as-if risk framing can trigger impressions that a risk is present. Until now, this framing technique and its rebuttal was not empirically analyzed. MethodAn experimental 2 × 2 factorial online study (N = 404) with repeated measures after intervention was conducted to investigate how framing (hazard vs. as-if risk) and stigmatization (stigmatized vs. non-stigmatized chemical agent) affects affective and cognitive risk perception using an example of exposure to drifting pesticides. ResultsAs-if risk framing increased risk perception, effects of stigmatization were not observed. However, the a-priori risk perception influences the recorded risk perceptions after the experimental treatment. Rebuttal was successful, i.e., subjects with elevated risk perceptions due to as-if risk framing reduced their risk perception after receiving corrective information. ConclusionsAs-if risk framing investigated here is not a sequestered case. Accordingly, the present study may offer general insights into correcting biased information that neglects the difference between hazard and risk. Risk communicators can benefit from these insights.

Exploration of Kompas Editorial Frames on Human Rights Issues during 2014-2021

Editorials occupy a vital position in the media because they present official media opinions to the public on specific issues, including human rights issues. Therefore, this study focuses on how Kompas daily frames editorials on human rights issues in January and December 2014–2021. The research method is qualitative with Urs Dahinden framing analysis techniques. This technique divides the typology of frames into five things: conflict, economy, progress, moral, and episodic. Dahinden's framing approach is interesting because it differentiates between issues and frames. January and December 2014-2021 were selected because this research does not focus on specific issues. January is a critical moment to reflect on human rights issues over the past year and the next. In addition, December is the month of commemoration of International Human Rights Day. The study results conclude that Kompas uses two different frames in its editorial related to human rights issues. In civil and political human rights, Kompas consistently uses a moral frame. Meanwhile, Kompas uses episodic, economic, and moral frames on economic, social, and cultural issues.

Numerical Investigation on Fire Performance of LSF and Steel Modular Floor Panels

The steel Modular Building Systems (MBSs) that have been influenced by the Light-gauge Steel Frame (LSF) techniques have become a prominent culture in the industry. However, the detrimental behaviour of steel structural components at high temperatures has elevated the risk of fatal accidents in the event of a fire. Although several research investigations have addressed the fire performance of steel modular wall systems, the behaviour of modular floor systems has not been adequately addressed in the state of the art. Hence, to promote the fire safety and optimum design techniques in the modular construction industry by addressing the aforementioned research gap, this study investigated 48 conventional LSF and MBS floors for their structural and insulation Fire Resistance Levels using Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and Heat Transfer Analyses (HTA) techniques. Initially, full-scale experimental fire tests were modelled using FEM methods, and the validity of the techniques was verified prior to the analyses of parametric floor systems. Furthermore, the structural behaviour of the channel section joists in the elevated temperatures was studied, and hence a correlation was established to determine the critical steel temperature at the structural fire failure with respect to the applied Load Ratio (LR). An additional 12.5 mm thick plasterboard sheathing on single plasterboard sheathed floors resulted a 30 min improvement in structural and insulation FRLs. In addition, the modular floor systems demonstrated enhanced structural and insulation Fire Resistance Levels (FRLs) against the corresponding conventional LSF floor designs due to double LSF skin build-up. The incorporation of rockwool insulation and the increase in the insulation volume implied increased structural and fire performances. However, insulation material in the modular designs was more effective. The fire-rated conventional and modular LSF floor systems are expected to be practised in the construction industry to achieve required fire resistances with optimum material usage.

Framing, agency, and optimistic bias: message design considerations for the opioid crisis

ABSTRACT While vastly overshadowed by the COVID-19 pandemic, America’s deadly opioid crisis worsened dramatically in recent years. Despite the deadliness of these drugs, the lifesaving medication Narcan (a naloxone product) has saved more than 93.5% of potential victims from an overdose death. However, several factors have contributed to a lack of uptake of the medication. The current study explored message-design components for persuading individuals to 1) seek more information regarding Narcan 2) accept a coupon code for Narcan, and 3) purchase the Narcan nasal spray. Guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model, this study implemented strategic message design to see if heightened perceptions of threat (i.e. severity and susceptibility) and efficacy (self, response, and system efficacy) promote behaviour change to either seek information about or purchase Narcan. We employed three message framing techniques, including gain/loss-frame, labelling and stigmatisation through language, and linguistic assignment of agency. Based on an experimental design with 304 participants and eight message conditions, the study revealed the following: high perceptions of susceptibility and system-efficacy predicted the acceptance of a coupon code for Narcan; high perceptions of severity, susceptibility, and system-efficacy predicted information-seeking behaviour; finally, susceptibility and response-efficacy predicted an intent to own Narcan in the future.

Impact of information framing and vaccination characteristics on parental COVID-19 vaccine acceptance for children: a discrete choice experiment

This study aimed to test the influence of vaccination characteristics and gain/loss-framing of information, on parental acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination for their minor children. A discrete choice experiment was conducted among parents of children aged 0–17 years from September to October 2021 in Hong Kong. Respondents were randomly assigned to four groups with different framing of information and asked to choose hypothetical vaccination alternatives, described by seven attributes that were derived from prior qualitative interviews. A mixed logit model was adopted to analyze the effect of attributes and information framing on parental vaccination acceptance. The vaccine acceptance rates under different scenarios were also estimated. A total of 298 valid responses were obtained. It was found that the BioNTech brand, higher efficacy, less serious adverse events and more vaccination coverage in children significantly improved parental acceptance. Additionally, loss-framing increased parental acceptance compared with gain-framing, while the presentation of mortality information did not make a difference. Acceptance was also associated with parental uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and the children’s age.Conclusion: The findings imply that factors including gain/loss information framing, importance of vaccine characteristics, and peer influence have a significant effect on parents’ decisions to get their children vaccinated. Parents with younger children had greater vaccine hesitancy, and information framing techniques should be considered in vaccination promotion for combating such vaccine hesitancy. Future studies could be conducted to identify the moderators and mediators of information framing to facilitate its implementation.What is Known:• Parental acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine was found to be associated with various socio-economic and psychosocial factors, while the evidence on impact of vaccination characteristics was limited.• Behavioral interventions, including information framing, have been used to promote various health behaviors.What is New:• Loss-framing of information on vaccine effectiveness improves vaccine acceptance, while additional information on how the vaccine reduces death does not make a difference, which can be used to inform communication with the public in vaccination promotion.• The social norm (i.e., the vaccine uptake amongst other people) is important for increasing the parental vaccine acceptance rate.

Optimization of Power Quality Using the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with Unbalanced Loads

The power quality (PQ) is a major issue for both electrical utilities and their customers. The nonlinear loads cause PQ problems like current harmonics, voltage harmonics, frequency deviation, voltage sag and voltage swell. A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is utilized in this research to minimize these PQ problems. The UPQC is made up of two active power filters (APFs), one of which is connected to the line in series and the other in parallel. The Unit Vector Template Generation (UVTG) approach is used to control the series APF, whereas the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) technique is used to control the shunt APF. The compensating properties of a series-shunt APFs when the loads become imbalanced have been explored. The system performance has been tested under conditions current harmonics, voltage harmonics, voltage sag, and voltage swell. The voltage harmonics are identified and reparation in a series APF using the UVTG technique, whereas the harmonics and unbalanced currents are identified and reparation in a shunt APF using the SRF method. An IEEE-519-compliant THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of less than 5% is achieved by UPQC in simulations with unbalanced loads. The findings indicate that harmonic currents and supply voltage fluctuations were lessened by UPQC.

Inter-Relational Mahalanobis SAE with semi-supervised strategy for fault classification in chemical processes

Since industrial process data often presents strong correlations, high complexity, and nonlinear patterns, a proficient deep learning model is required for the fault classification task. Recent researches have shown that deep learning models like stacked autoencoder (SAE) are able to learn deep abstract features from complex process data. Nevertheless, a traditional SAE cannot extract the informative fault-relevant features and data distribution features from industrial process data, which are necessary for effective fault classification in industrial processes. Thus, this study proposes a semi-supervised Inter-Relational Mahalanobis SAE (IRM-SAE) model to learn inter-relational distribution and fault-relevant dynamic features of process data for fault classification. First, the Inter-Relational Mahalanobis loss is introduced into the original objective function of SAE to learn meaningful inter-relational distribution features within the data. Then, an active time frame technique is developed to preprocess the input data to capture the dynamic features of the data. Furthermore, to fully utilize both labeled and unlabeled data in industrial processes, the semi-supervised strategy is introduced to learn fault-related features for better fault classification. To validate the performance of the proposed model, it is applied on the Tennessee–Eastman process and a real-world industrial hydrocracking process. The experimental results show that the proposed model has higher fault classification performance compared to other deep learning models.

Overview and Status of the International Celestial Reference Frame as Realized by VLBI

Accurate measurement of angular positions on the sky requires a well-defined system of reference that is realized with accessible objects. The purpose of this study is to review the international standard realization of such a system, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). The ICRF uses the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) technique as it has the highest resolution of any current astrometric technique for reference frames in order to observe Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) which are at such great distances (typical redshift ∼1) that there is currently no observed parallax or proper motion of these objects thus giving the frame excellent stability. We briefly review the history of the transition from the Fundamental Katalog 5 (FK5) optical frame to VLBI-based frames with attention to each of the three generations: ICRF-1, ICRF-2, and ICRF-3. We present some of the more prominent applications of the ICRF and outline the methods used to construct the ICRF. Next we discuss in more detail the current standard ICRF-3—which is the first frame to be realized at multiple wavelengths (S/X, K, X/Ka-bands)—including an estimate of its accuracy and limiting errors. We conclude with an overview of future plans for improving the ICRF.

The Representation of the two American candidates of the U.S. presidential elections 2016 in the world's newspapers: a critical discourse analysis

The present study investigates the presentation of the two American candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the presidential elections that occurred through the year 2016 in the world news. The study aims at examining how the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) tools together with cognitive semantics tools are applied to highlight the representation of both candidates throughout the period of the elections (2016). The study focuses on the framing technique as a tool of the cognitive semantics and highlights how the choice of words affects the idea of representing each candidate whether positively or negatively.

Tensile strength of single banana fibers (SBFs) improved by novel alkaline treatment

Environmental concern on global warming controversy has raised the issue that forced the researchers to work on green materials. Among them, plant fibers are recognized as environmentally friendly with a high potential to explore their adaptability and utilization for many engineering applications. This paper aims to examine the banana fiber behavior of various alkaline treatment conditions and compare the results with untreated fiber conducted on the same tests. Both the tests were subjected to physical and tensile load, then each condition was tested individually to achieve a valid average. The Paper frame technique was adopted for this single fiber tensile test (SFTT) and corresponding to the stress-strain curves. Surface morphology was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare and find the effect of alkaline treatment on surface fiber modification.