Framing Perceptions Research Articles

A Remote Monitoring and Diagnosis Method Based on Four-Layer IoT Frame Perception

In this study, a real-time remote monitoring and fault diagnosis method has been developed based on the Internet of Things (IoT) frame perception, and successfully applied to a mine hoist system. The proposed method combines the sensor technology, online monitoring technology, wireless transmission technology, and fault diagnosis technology. The basic structure of the traditional IoT comprises a perception layer, a network layer, and an application layer, the proposed structure contains an additional middleware layer between the network layer and the application layer. This four-layer system is used in a mine hoist remote monitoring and fault diagnosis framework to process heterogeneous multi-source information. The sensors and parameters are connected in the perception layer, the characteristic parameters are obtained using the configuration software, and the mine local area network is saved to the data server, thereby synchronizing real-time data in the local area network. The network layer utilizes mature Internet and long-distance wireless transmission communication technologies, whereas the middleware layer comprises of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)-based IoT data processing framework that integrates the multi-source heterogeneous data. Further, the fault diagnosis method is analyzed and verified based on the gray association rules. In the application layer, a human-computer interface is used for the remote monitoring and diagnosis of the mine hoist and to provide the diagnosis results as feedback to the user. The results using the aforementioned analyses are applied to the remote monitoring and diagnosis of a mine hoist system. In this study, experimental tests are conducted in this study to significantly improve the fault monitoring, diagnostic capabilities, and reliability of the mine hoist system, indicating the good application good prospects of the proposed method.

Pathways to news sharing: Issue frame perceptions and the likelihood of sharing

Online news sharing has become an important process through which contemporary citizens experience news.News sharing is not only a behavioral outcome of news consumption but also an essential form of political engagement that reshapes the online information environment. This study offers empirical evidence regarding important article perceptions that drive online news sharing. Specifically, we examine how issue frame perceptions shape user-directed dissemination of news information. Using an online survey that exposes respondents to multiple news articles on a given public issue, this study found that perceptions of issue frame believability, bias, importance and influence significantly affected audience intention to share a news article. However, perceiving an issue frame to be believable is not sufficient for readers to forward that article. Moreover, these frame perceptions are formed through the lens of one's political ideology. The relationship between issue frame perceptions and the likelihood of sharing is more pronounced for value-based frames and among partisans. Implications for online political participation and news exposure are discussed.

Latent Profile Analysis of Schizotypy and Paranormal Belief: Associations with Probabilistic Reasoning Performance.

This study assessed the extent to which within-individual variation in schizotypy and paranormal belief influenced performance on probabilistic reasoning tasks. A convenience sample of 725 non-clinical adults completed measures assessing schizotypy (Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences; O-Life brief), belief in the paranormal (Revised Paranormal Belief Scale; RPBS) and probabilistic reasoning (perception of randomness, conjunction fallacy, paranormal perception of randomness, and paranormal conjunction fallacy). Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four distinct groups: class 1, low schizotypy and low paranormal belief (43.9% of sample); class 2, moderate schizotypy and moderate paranormal belief (18.2%); class 3, moderate schizotypy (high cognitive disorganization) and low paranormal belief (29%); and class 4, moderate schizotypy and high paranormal belief (8.9%). Identification of homogeneous classes provided a nuanced understanding of the relative contribution of schizotypy and paranormal belief to differences in probabilistic reasoning performance. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that groups with lower levels of paranormal belief (classes 1 and 3) performed significantly better on perception of randomness, but not conjunction problems. Schizotypy had only a negligible effect on performance. Further analysis indicated that framing perception of randomness and conjunction problems in a paranormal context facilitated performance for all groups but class 4.

The world is complex, not just noisy.

To deny that human perception is optimal is not to claim that it is suboptimal. Rahnev & Denison (R&D) point out that optimality is often ill defined. The fundamental issue is framing perception as a statistical inference problem. Outside of the lab, the real perceptual challenge is to determine the lawful structure of the world, not variables of a predetermined statistical model.

Lithuanian Educators' Experiences of Norwegian Early Childhood Education and Care during a Short Study Trip

This paper presents an analysis of how educators from Lithuania experienced the Norwegian ECEC during a short study trip. The research results are informed by the theory of Practice Architecture [7, 8] that describes educational practices using the concepts of sayings, doings, and relatings. Sayings refer to the discursive level, doings to the level of action and work, and relatings to sociopolitical dependencies. The research was conducted during a two-day study trip of Lithuanian educators to Bergen in June 2016. The data comprised seven semi-structured, written interviews and a transcribed group discussion with seven participants. The results show that the doings experienced were strongly dependent on the transmitted sayings, which places great power in the process of framing the educational content of the study trip (lectures, presentations, and seminars). On the other hand, the experiences of the study trip were strongly dependent on the sayings, doings, and relatings that the visitors are socialized and educated with. They frame perceptions and can lead to misunderstandings. The doings and relatings experienced that agreed with the sayings, but which did not necessarily correspond to other dimensions of Lithuanian practice, led to deep reflection and even changes in institutions in the home country.

How Republicans Won on Voter Identification Laws: The Roles of Strategic Reasoning and Moral Conviction*

ObjectivesAmerican political elites heatedly disagree over voter identification (ID) laws. Yet, the issue is not particularly polarizing at the mass level. Previous research mostly explores voter ID attitude correlates and how those policies shape turnout, but offers less insight into how average citizens understand the issue. We explore competing partisan frames on voter ID—voter fraud and voter suppression—that advance subtexts about partisan motivations and whom these laws benefit.MethodWe use an original nationally representative survey to examine how partisan motivated reasoning, strategic reasoning, and moral conviction influence voter ID frame perceptions and policy support among partisans.ResultsFor average partisans, strategic reasoning and moral conviction significantly influence frame perceptions and voter ID attitudes, though not always along predicted party lines. Motivated reasoning proves inconsequential.ConclusionsRepublicans have won the “framing war” over voter ID, largely neutralizing the Democratic voter suppression frame, even among average Democrats.

Between a rock and a hard place: Economic expansion and social responsibility in UK media discourses on the global alcohol industry

ContextTransnational alcohol corporations (TACs) employ a range of strategies to achieve their business objectives, including attempts to frame perceptions of their activities in media debates. TACs aim to achieve a favourable regulatory environment by presenting themselves as socially responsible actors. However, the need to secure financial investment means they must also emphasise their potential for growth. This article investigates tensions between these objectives in coverage of the global alcohol industry in the UK print media. MethodsThis article examines coverage of the world's four largest TACs in five British daily newspapers and one industry publication between March 2012 and February 2013. 477 articles were identified for analysis through keyword searches of the LexisNexis database. Thematic coding of articles was conducted using Nvivo software. FindingsTwo conflicting framings of the alcohol industry emerge from our analysis. The first presents TACs as socially responsible actors; key partners to government in reducing alcohol-related harms. This is targeted at policy-makers and the public in an attempt to shape policy debates. The second framing highlights TACs' potential for economic growth by establishing new markets and identifying new customer bases. This is targeted at an audience of potential investors. ConclusionsA fundamental contradiction lies at the heart of these framings, reflecting the tensions that exist between TACs' political and financial strategies. Alcohol industry involvement in policy-making thus involves a fundamental conflict of interests. Consequently, the UK government should reassess the prominence it currently affords to the industry in the development and delivery of alcohol policy.

Coverage of sugar-sweetened beverages in the British media: an analysis of public health advocacy versus pro-industry messaging

BackgroundSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are an increasing contributor to rising rates of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The media has an important role in framing perceptions of these products and therefore has substantial potential to influence public health policy. We assessed the extent of media-based public health advocacy versus pro-industry messaging about SSBs. MethodsWe conducted a systematic analysis to identify and examine all articles about SSBs published in all mainstream British print newspapers and their online news websites from Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2014. English language articles were sourced via the Nexis database with the following search terms: Sugar* W/5 beverage* (Sugar* followed by beverage maximum of five words later); Sugar* W/p soft drink* (Sugar* within the same paragraph soft drink*); Fizz* Drink*; Sugar* drink*. We conducted a brief literature search to develop appropriate search terms and categorisations for grouping and analysing articles. Articles were coded according to the publishing newspaper, article type, topic, prominence, and slant (pro-SSB or anti-SSB). A contextual analysis was undertaken to examine key messages in the articles. FindingsWe identified 374 articles published during 2014. 303 articles (81%) suggested that SSBs are unhealthy. Messaging from experts, campaign groups, and health organisations was fairly consistent about the detrimental effects of these beverages on health (ie, advocating a 30% reduction in sugar intake). 135 articles (36%) did not suggest any solutions to potentially combat the problems associated with SSBs, 116 (31%) advocated individual responsibility, 90 (24%) policy changes, and 34 (9%) other approaches. 57 articles were about the food industry and they produced consistent messages emphasising consumer choice and individual responsibility for making choices about consumption of SSBs, and promoting and advertising their products. The food industry thus managed to avoid association with the negative press that their products were receiving. InterpretationSSBs were frequently published in mainstream British print newspapers and their online news websites during 2014. Public health media advocacy was prominent throughout, with a growing consensus that SSBs are bad for health. However, the challenge for public health will be to mobilise supportive public opinion to help implement effective regulatory policies. FundingNone.

Linking pattern completion in the hippocampus to predictive coding in visual cortex.

Models of predictive coding frame perception as a generative process in which expectations constrain sensory representations. These models account for expectations about how a stimulus will move or change from moment to moment, but do not address expectations about what other, distinct stimuli are likely to appear based on prior experience. We show that such memory-based expectations in human visual cortex are related to the hippocampal mechanism of pattern completion.

The emergence of contesting motives for student feedback-based evaluation in Australian higher education

ABSTRACTStudent feedback-based evaluation performs a significant social role in framing perceptions of the quality of teaching in contemporary Australian higher education. Yet its emergence is a relatively recent phenomenon, having only been in widespread application since the mid-1980s. The early manifestations of student feedback-based evaluation came with newly emerging academic development units with a motive to enhance the quality of local teaching and to afford student retention. However, new motives for assailing student feedback evolved with the rapid growth in student numbers, the introduction of student fees and heightened levels of inter-institutional competition for students. As a result, student feedback-based evaluation progressively became also a powerful proxy measure of teaching and curricula quality assurance at an individual, institutional and sectoral level [Blackmore, J. (2009). Academic pedagogies, quality logics and performative universities: Evaluating teaching and what students want. Studies in Higher Education, 34(8), 857–872. doi:10.1080/03075070902898664]. This generated critical tensions between the seminal motive of student feedback around quality improvement, and the rising quality assurances discourses, academic performance management demands and institutional marketing. In this paper, the complex social origins of these competing motives for student feedback-based evaluation in Australian higher education will be explored and analysed. It is argued this provides an important means of understanding the polarising effects of student feedback-based evaluation in Australian universities.

Reimplantation surgery in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: A qualitative study

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the experience of recurrent surgery for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). BackgroundDevice replacement is typically required every 4–7 years due to battery depletion. Furthermore, recurrent surgery may be related to lead malfunction or pocket infection. MethodsEthnographic methods were used for data collection with 23 ICD reimplanted recipients, 12 men and 11 women, 26–85 years of age. Data were analyzed using a with-in case and cross-case method. ResultsThree major themes were identified: Anticipation regarding implantation with three sub-themes of logistics and social considerations, decisions regarding replacement, and financial considerations. Relinquishing control and somatic changes frame perceptions related to the operative and postoperative periods. ConclusionsThe frequency of ICD reimplantation differentiates it from other surgical interventions. Perceptions varied according to past experiences and present day social, financial, and somatic differences. Recipients are resolved to life-long surgery aided by their trust in health care professionals.

Scarcity Frames Value

Economic models of decision making assume that people have a stable way of thinking about value. In contrast, psychology has shown that people’s preferences are often malleable and influenced by normatively irrelevant contextual features. Whereas economics derives its predictions from the assumption that people navigate a world of scarce resources, recent psychological work has shown that people often do not attend to scarcity. In this article, we show that when scarcity does influence cognition, it renders people less susceptible to classic context effects. Under conditions of scarcity, people focus on pressing needs and recognize the trade-offs that must be made against those needs. Those trade-offs frame perception more consistently than irrelevant contextual cues, which exert less influence. The results suggest that scarcity can align certain behaviors more closely with traditional economic predictions.

Of Negation, Princesses, Beauty, and Work: Black Mothers Reflect on Disney’s the Princess and the Frog

The overall response to Disney's The Princess and the Frog (Clements & Musker, 2009) was lackluster. The film served as Disney's first attempt to reify and embrace young Black girls’ identity; however, its box office performance did little to proclaim a vested interest of a Black movie-going audience in this particular princess film. Nonetheless, as this is the first such film to center a young Black woman as a Disney princess, the voices of its audience are invaluable. This audience reception study explored the reflections of a group of Black mothers upon screening the film with their daughters. Four themes emerged from their discussions: (a) film as negation; (b) princess as unattainable; (c) beauty as internal; and (d) work as virtuous. Recognizing the role that context plays in framing perceptions, the readings are analyzed in consideration of what some now perceive as a postracial society. Based on the findings, it is suggested that Black communities consciously interrogate the images used to represent them in media as well as develop opportunities with the use of media literacy, to empower themselves and counter the seemingly incessant, prevalent, and degrading screen images.

Духовное наследие отечественной культуры в научной традиции Психологического института

The article is dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the book by a famous Russian scientist M.V. Sokolov, "Essays on the history of psychological thoughts in Russia in XI – XVIII centuries." This is the only scientific and psychological monograph of the Soviet period, in which for the first time at the level of academic research the topical problem of historical and genetic roots of contemporary Soviet psychology has been posed and studied, the systematization of basic substantive aspects of the first psychological tractates has been done, and the basic principles of their methodology were highlighted: an integrative approach to systematization of psychological data on the hierarchy of man's inner world, obtained in a single field of cognitive potential of natural science and speculation methods. Comprehensive analysis of original documents allowed the scientist to identify a number of descriptive models of psychological issues development by medieval Russia sophists, belonging to different social strata and ideological lines, and critically overcome the ideology of Soviet period, distorting the perception of time frames of the process of the formation and maintenance of psychological demands of Russian people.

The Effects of Message Framing and Risk Perceptions for HPV Vaccine Campaigns: Focus on the Role of Regulatory Fit

This study investigates the effects of framing and risk perception, and their interaction effects on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Based on a 2 (message frames) × 2 (perceived risk) experimental design, the interaction effects reveal the effectiveness of loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages would be maximized for high (vs. low) perceived risk condition. Based on regulatory fit principles the synergy effects are shown in terms of attitudes toward advertising and HPV vaccination, HPV vaccination intention, and ad-promoted behavioral intention. The findings indicate right message appeals should be selected for the right target audiences in the setting of HPV vaccine promotions.

The Law of the Jungle? Denmark's International Legal Status during the Second World War

This article investigates Denmark's international legal status during the Second World War. In exploring this theme it brings together two emergent research perspectives on twentieth-century international political history: (1) a growing interest in small states as actors and active interpreters of international political events in times of crisis and war; and (2) a focus on international law as an independent and so far underexplored research theme. From this double perspective the article highlights and analyses the unprecedented and unparalleled character of the legal relationship between Denmark and Germany after the German occupation of Denmark in April 1940. In doing so it places particular focus on how this situation was viewed and conceptualised by Danish politicians and legal experts. Thus it explores the complex entanglement of politics and law that characterised Danish attempts to bring about and consolidate the particular peaceful and ‘normal’ relationship with Germany as well as efforts to change this relationship and make Denmark a belligerent state. By analysing the four concepts of neutrality, non-belligerence, peaceful occupation, and war the article shows how these legal concepts served as political instruments that were pushed forward by competing and changing understandings of Denmark's international position and interests during the war. But it also shows how these legal conceptualisations were fundamentally structured by the general international legal and political developments of the war (the deterioration of neutrality and the emergence of long-term military occupation and guerrilla warfare throughout Europe). And it demonstrates how they gradually took on a life of their own and came to frame and shape perceptions of Denmark's international position - both among Danish politicians and bureaucrats during the Second World War and among historians to this day.

The Iconic and the Charged Field

The iconic is a quality more often ascribed to objects than to fields; in an urban context the term is used to describe buildings, which act as landmarks and, by assisting orientation and navigation in the city, guide its flows. Such landmarks are identified with, and used as symbolic representations of the city to both visitors and inhabitants. The iconic potential of the field has not yet been exploited to the same degree. However, conceptual representations, such as the psychogeographic maps of Paris conceived by Guy Debord and Asger Jorn in 1956-7, as well as the quotidian presence of the London Tube map, its design originally proposed by Harry Beck in 1931, have achieved iconic status. Both maps attempt to visualize, interpret and utilize urban connectivity and flows. This paper seeks to broaden and deepen an understanding of the iconic qualities of the London Tube map and its operation as a navigational aid as well as conceptual device framing public perception of London. We will situate the London Tube map in the context of it’s own history of inception and interpretation, of Debord and Jorn’s maps of Paris, Kevin Lynch’s research on the mental image of cities, and a series of interviews conducted in London by the authors, asking participants to describe and sketch their mental image of above-ground and underground London. On the basis of these critical readings, we argue that the London Tube map operates on its users as an iconic, but also as a charged field. It is charged by the overt and implied agenda of its authors, by the history of its evolution and its adaptation to a growing network carried out by multiple authors in a negotiated and sometimes public process, and by the memories and spatial practices it is associated with by its users.

Spanish ya. A conceptual pragmatic anchor

In contrast with previous analyses where ya has been disjunctively characterized as a temporal adverb, an aspectual and a discourse marker this paper offers a unified account as a complex grounding predication ( Langacker, 1987, 1991a,b, 2000, 2004) that anchors the event with respect to the time of speech subsuming the evolutionary momentum of the event to be mapped against cultural frames. Unlike deictic markers, ya does not situate events, relations, entities or attributes by projecting them onto an objective socio-physical or temporal axis. It rather gives them a dynamic orientation by mapping them onto a programmatic base, often a cyclic one. Ya validates future or past events as most prominent for the time of speech as compared to surrounding ones that may be part of a larger action or an event chain. Ya is therefore best analyzed as a meta-linguistic focus marker that influences the conceptualization of the underlying base: it acknowledges progression within a process conceived of as globally oriented. In oral speech, ya is typically used to frame perception and propositional attitude predicates. In written language, it contributes to the framing of discourse structure at various levels of organization, especially when it comes to reflect the intertwining of parallel scenarios. The subjective perspective manifested by ya primarily relates to the course of time – the universal programmatic base par excellence – however, it also expresses more sophisticated time managing capacities and the specific mental ability of bridging gaps in linguistic representation.

Reporting an Unsettled Countryside: The News Media and Rural Protests in Britain

Most analyses of the role of the media in shaping and reproducing popular discourses of rurality have focused on film, television drama and literature. Comparatively little attention has been directed towards the role of the news media in framing perceptions of contemporary rural issues through reportage and commentary. This paper examines the engagement of the news media with a series of rural protests that developed in Britain between 1997 and 2007 around issues such as hunting and farm incomes. The news media had been complicit in maintaining the previous discursive construct of the countryside as a settled and almost apolitical space, but the emergence of major rural protests forced a shift in the representation of rural life. News coverage of rural issues and rural protests increased with the adoption of a new discourse of the “unsettled countryside”. In adjusting to shifting news values, the news media initially bought and reproduced the frames promoted by the major rural campaign group, the Countryside Alliance, including tropes of the “countryside in crisis”, the “countryside comes to town” and the “countryside speaks out for liberty”. Over time, however, a more complex web of representations developed as the perspectives adopted by different media outlets diverged, informed by political ideology. As such, it is argued that the news media played a key role not in only in mediating public reception of rural protests, and thus modulating their political significance, but also in framing the rural protests for participants within the rural community, and as such contributing to the mobilisation of a politicised rural identity and an active rural citizenship.

A qualitative study of how individuals with severe mental illness assess smoking risks

Background: This qualitative paper describes perceptions of smoking risk and ways of thinking about risk for 31 persons with a Severe Mental Illness (SMI). Research has shown that many people with SMI want to quit smoking, and, like many other disadvantaged groups, make many quit attempts. Aim: The authors undertook a qualitative study to explore views and experiences about smoking and quitting, within a general context of what it means to them to live a healthy lifestyle. Method: A purposive sample of former smokers, current smokers, and individuals who had never smoked was chosen to participate in a semi-structured interview. Questions targeted various lifestyle domains, narrowing to focus more specifically on smoking habits, attempts to quit, and thoughts about the future in relation to health and smoking. Techniques of grounded theory were used to categorize and interpret themes. Results: The results indicate that many current smokers interpret and frame perceptions of health risks from smoking in rel...