Fragrance Industry Research Articles

Differentiating True and False Cinnamon: Exploring Multiple Approaches for Discrimination.

This study presents a comprehensive literature review that investigates the distinctions between true and false cinnamon. Given the intricate compositions of essential oils (EOs), various discrimination approaches were explored to ensure quality, safety, and authenticity, thereby establishing consumer confidence. Through the utilization of physical-chemical and instrumental analyses, the purity of EOs was evaluated via qualitative and quantitative assessments, enabling the identification of constituents or compounds within the oils. Consequently, a diverse array of techniques has been documented, encompassing organoleptic, physical, chemical, and instrumental methodologies, such as spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Electronic noses (e-noses) exhibit significant potential for identifying cinnamon adulteration, presenting a rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective approach. Leveraging their capability to detect and analyze volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles, e-noses can contribute to ensuring authenticity and quality in the food and fragrance industries. Continued research and development efforts in this domain will assuredly augment the capacities of this promising avenue, which is the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in conjunction with spectroscopic data to combat cinnamon adulteration.

Enzymatic properties of a non-classical aldoxime dehydratase capable of producing alkyl and arylalkyl nitriles.

Nitriles are of significant interest in the flavor and fragrance industries with potential application in cosmetics due to their higher stability than analogous aldehydes. However, the traditional methods to prepare nitriles need toxic reagents and hash conditions. This work aimed to develop a chemoenzymatic strategy to synthesize nitriles from natural aldehydes with aldoxime as the intermediate. A non-classical aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) was discovered from the fungus Aspergillus ibericus (OxdAsp) to catalyze the dehydration of aldoximes to corresponding nitriles under mild conditions. The amino acid sequence of OxdAsp exhibits an approximately 20% identity with bacterial Oxds. OxdAsp contains a heme prosthetic group bound with the axial H287 in the catalytic pocket. The structure models of OxdAsp with substrates suggest that its catalytic triad is Y138-R141-E192, which is different from the classically bacterial Oxds of His-Arg-Ser/Thr. The catalytic mechanism of OxdAsp was proposed based on the mutagenesis of key residues. The hydroxyl group of the substrate is fixed by E192 to increase its basicity. Y138 acts as a general acid-based catalyst, and its phenolic proton is polarized by the adjacent R141. The protonated Y138 would donate a proton to the hydroxyl group of the substrate and eliminate a water molecule from aldoxime to produce nitrile. The recombinant OxdAsp can efficiently dehydrate citronellaloxime and cinnamaldoxime to citronellyl nitrile and cinnamonitrile in aqueous media, which are applied as fragrance ingredients in the food and cosmetic fields. KEY POINTS: • A novel aldoxime dehydratase from the Aspergillus genus was first characterized as a heme-binding protein. • The catalytic mechanism was predicted based on the molecular interactions of the catalytic pocket with the substrate. • A chemoenzymatic strategy was developed to synthesize nitriles from natural aldehydes with aldoxime as the intermediate.

Endophyte fungi from Agarwood and Mangrove and their applications

Mangroves are woody trees or shrubs salt marsh halophytes that encompass over 75% of the tropical coastline on the planet. Mangroves are characterized by their sophisticated morphological and physiological adaptations as well as their rich synthesis of biologically active secondary metabolites. They also contribute in decreasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. On the other hand, agarwood, is an aromatic perfumed precious heartwood of diseased timber of Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees that is used centuries ago till now as incense in religious ceremonies, raw material in the perfume industry and as a medicine. Agarwood formation is usually induced by wounding trunks and branches of Aquilaria trees. Production of natural agarwood resin is inefficient and don’t meet global demand, so different methods have been applied to stimulate biological agarwood induction, and using endophytic fungi is one of the methods. Hence, this review highlights the importance of endophytic fungi in mangroves and agarwood, their existence and some of their important biological activities.

Comparative Analysis of Bio- and Chemo-Catalysts for the Synthesis of Flavour Compound Hexanal from Linoleic Acid

Hexanal, hexenal, nonenal and their corresponding alcohols are used as green notes in the fragrance and flavour industry. The production of bio-based hexanal starts from linoleic acid, which can be obtained from sunflower or safflower oil. The biocatalytic process utilizes C13-specific lipoxygenase (LOX) for hydroperoxidation and consecutive splitting with hydroperoxide lyase (HPL). In this study, we investigated the chemical splitting of the LOX product 13-HPODE in comparison to HPL catalysis. In addition, 13-HPODE was synthesized using enriched linoleic acid from safflower oil. Varying amounts of soybean flour suspension as a source of LOX yielded up to 60% HPODE with a regioselectivity of 92% towards 13-HPODE. Using low-toxicity Lewis acids like AlCl3 and ZrCl4, cleavage of the produced 13-HPODE was possible. A maximum hexanal yield of 22.9% was reached with AlCl3 under mild reaction conditions, though product degradation was an interfering process. Comparative trials with N-terminal truncated HPL from papaya revealed hexanal recovery within a comparable range. Additionally, we successfully demonstrated the viability of Hock rearrangement of 13-HPODE through heterogeneous catalysts. Notably, Beta zeolite and Montmorillonite K10 exhibited a turnover frequency (TOF) on par with common heterogeneous catalysts employed in industrial processes.

Scent and sustainability: investigating consumer evaluations of biocatalysis and naturalness in fragrances

With growing global environmental concerns, consumer acceptance of new technologies or innovation-derived products can be tied strongly with how natural the latter are perceived to be. A prior study found that fragrances were evaluated more positively if participants were informed that the fragrances were of natural origin. This led the authors to conclude that the perceived naturalness of a fragrance activates a positive effect, similar as for other consumer products. However, obtaining fragrant molecules from natural sources can pose a strain on the environment and biotechnology-based fragrances could potentially improve the sustainability of the perfumery industry. The primary goal of this study was to extent the findings of this initial study with a focus on biocatalysis-based fragrances. For this, a laboratory experiment was conducted with a 3x2x2 mixed design: participants smelled either three fragrances of natural origin or three biocatalysis-based fragrances and were either informed or not informed about the origin of the fragrances. In contrast to expectations, no consistent positive effect of natural origin or negative effect of biocatalysis-based origin of fragrances was found in our study. The results suggest that the participants were open to novel production methods in the fragrance industry. The discussion comprises a methodological comparison to the prior study, alternative explanations for these findings, and discusses insights for the fragrance industry and future research. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex factors that shape consumer behaviour in the fragrance industry.

Performance Assessment of Japanese Mint Varieties for Growth under Open Field and Vertical A-Frame Structure

Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.), is a member of the family Lamiaceae which is a perennial herbaceous aromatic plant but cultivated as an annual for culinary purpose as leafy vegetable and as natural menthol extraction. It is a major source of raw material for flavours and fragrance industry. Urban regions are losing cultivable land every day and it has become extremely difficult to produce fresh vegetables of high quality. By using vertical structures, vertical space can be utilized while increasing the quality of vegetable production. This experiment was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College & Research Institute, Periyakulam during 2022-2023 to evaluate the performance of nine varieties viz., Kosi (V1), CIM-Kranti (V2), Himalaya (V3), Kalka (V4), MAS-1 (V5), Saksham (V6), Gomti (V7), Seelayampatti local (V8) and Bangalore hybrid (V9) under open field (G1) and vertical A-frame structure (G2) condition. One vertical A-frame structure is used in this study which contain 516 holes for planting. Among the nine varieties, Saksham (V6) showed increase in growth parameters in both conditions. The observations on growth parameters were recorded for plant height(cm), number of leaves, root length(cm), fresh weight of roots(g) and dry weight of roots(g). Saksham variety in vertical A-frame structure yielded maximum plant height (53.05 cm), number of leaves (112.73), root length (39.92 cm), fresh weight of roots (3.204g) and dry weight of roots (0.874g) followed by the variety CIM-Kranti in vertical A-frame structure (48.83cm, 77.61, 37.75cm, 2.582g and 0.648g). As a result, the interactive action of G2V6 showed maximum growth due to the availability of nutrients in the root system and timely application of water and nutrient helped in better plant parameters.

Microsatellite markers’ based molecular divergence among the breeding lines of aromatic marigold (Tagetes minuta L.)

Aromatic marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) is an essential oil-bearing plant of industrial value. The essential oil obtained from the plant has high demand in the flavor and perfume industry. The present study investigates the molecular diversity patterns using microsatellite markers in 126 breeding lines representing three groups (higher, intermediate, and lower biomass) based on phenotypic characterization. These lines are being maintained through repeated selfing. A total of 503 alleles with an average of 16.23 alleles per locus were detected at 31 SSR loci over all the genotypes. The average most common and rare alleles were 3.35 and 12.87, respectively, over all the studied loci. The high polymorphic information content (0.88) and genetic diversity (0.89) indicate high allelic diversity among the genotypes studied. Ten genotype-specific markers were identified. Significant molecular variances have been observed among the groups (3 %), among individuals (72 %), and within individuals (26 %). The unweighted neighbor-joining clustering based on a simple matching dissimilarity index grouped all 126 genotypes into five major clusters. The clustering pattern primarily follows the biomass-specific distribution of populations. The principle coordinate analysis depicts considerable variations and again confirms the biomass-specific grouping of genotypes. The highly significant positive association between genotypic and phenotypic distances indicates the importance of these marker loci for future marker-assisted selection and association mapping studies.

Determinants of Consumer Buying Interest

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of pricing, product quality, and innovation on consumer purchasing intention within the specific setting of the Syar'I Collection & Parfum Business in Riau. The major data utilised in this study is derived from questionnaire replies. The data were acquired through documentation approaches employing structured questionnaires. This study centres on individuals who engage with Syar'I Collection and Perfume Enterprises. The researchers employed incidental sampling methods to choose participants. The research findings indicate a significant impact of pricing on customer purchasing behaviour within the Syar'I Collection and Perfume industry. This suggests that the implementation of price reductions by Syar'I Collection and Parfum Business companies is likely to enhance consumer inclination towards product purchases. Furthermore, this study elucidates a robust correlation between the quality of products and the level of consumer purchasing interest within the Syar'I Collection and Perfume industry. The findings indicate a positive relationship between the enhancement of product quality by Syar'I Collection and Parfum Business companies and the growing inclination of consumers to make investments in these products. This study provides empirical evidence that highlights the significant influence of product innovation on customer purchasing behaviour within the Syar'I Collection and Perfume Business industry. This statement elucidates that the heightened focus on inventive product offerings by Syar'I Collection and Parfum enterprises has resulted in a surge in consumer enthusiasm in procuring these products.

GALERI ATSIRI INDONESIA

Essential oils or known as essential oils, ethereal oils, or volatile oils. Essential oils have benefits, including as a basic ingredient in fragrances in the perfume, cosmetic, persian (flavor) and pharmaceutical industries with their anti-bacterial, sanitary and aromatherapy functions. Because of the many uses, many essential oils are imported at the request of foreigners, while they are still very little used. Therefore, Dewan Atsiri Indonesia is trying to increase the introduction of essential oils in Indonesia. Therefore, the designer wants to educate the general public about the essential oil industry through space and architecture through an analogy approach.

A fast and reliable method to quantify neral and geranial (citral) in essential oils using 1H NMR spectroscopy

AbstractCitral (3,7‐dimethyl‐2,6‐octadienal), a mixture of geranial and neral (two stereoisomeric monoterpene aldehydes), is considered an important raw material in the fields of fragrance, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. It is a well‐known biologically active compound present in various essential oils. A fast and reliable experimental method was developed and validated in order to quantify citral in essential oils using 1H NMR spectroscopy (experiment time at the minute level). The quantitative procedure, using anisole as internal standard, showed a perfect linearity of measurements (R2 = 0.9999), a very good accuracy (relative errors comprised between −1.9% and 0.3%) and an excellent precision (reproducibility 17.8 mg ± 1.0%). The procedure was also checked with three mixtures of weighted monoterpenes and the contents of citral, measured by GC and 1H NMR, were absolutely comparable. Then, the method was successfully applied to measure the contents of citral in 10 commercially available essential oils. Among the investigated samples, citral varied from 2.9% (Zingiber officinalis) to 90.6% (Bakhousia citriodora).

Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange in Ambrox Could Improve the Long-Term Scent and Shelf Life of Perfumes

Ambrox is a marine natural compound with a delicious ambergris-type scent widely used in fine perfumery. The increase in the long-term scent and shelf life of perfumes has become a paramount endeavor in the fragrance industry. To the best of our knowledge, the exchange of hydrogen by deuterium to decrease the volatility of the constituents of a perfume has not yet been investigated. In this article, we propose this new use of deuteration to synthesize deuterated ambrox in order to decrease its volatility and improve the long-term scent and extend the shelf-life of perfumes.

Comparative Chemical Composition and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitory Potential of Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum tamala.

Cinnamomum species have applications in the pharmaceutical and fragrance industry for wide biological and pharmaceutical activities. The present study investigates the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from two species of Cinnamomum namely C. tamala and C. camphora. Chemical analysis showed E-cinnamyl acetate (56.14 %), E-cinnamaldehyde (20.15 %), and linalool (11.77 %) contributed as the major compounds of the 95.22 % of C. tamala leaves essential oil found rich in phenylpropanoids (76.96 %). C. camphora essential oil accounting for 93.57 % of the total oil composition was rich in 1,8-cineole (55.84 %), sabinene (14.37 %), and α-terpineol (10.49 %) making the oil abundant in oxygenated monoterpenes (70.63 %). Furthermore, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity for both the essential oils was carried out using Ellman's colorimetric method. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential at highest studied concentration of 1 mg/mL was observed to be 46.12±1.52 % for C. tamala and 53.61±2.66 % for C. camphora compared to the standard drug physostigmine (97.53±0.63 %) at 100 ng/ml. These multiple natural aromatic and fragrant characteristics with distinct chemical compositions offered by Cinnamon species provide varied benefits in the development of formulations that could be advantageous for the flavor and fragrance industry.

An Introduction to the Local Plants as Source of Essential Oils for The Sepang Village Community, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan

Essential oils are chemical components obtained from plants, are volatile, and give off a distinctive aroma. Essential oils are various products from the perfume industry, soaps, medicines, and cleaning products. Various types of plants produce essential oils. Sepang Village, Mempawah sub-district, West Kalimantan, is one of the villages with the potential for essential oil-producing plants. This community service activity aims to explore the types of essential oil-producing plants planted by the people of Sepang village and increase public knowledge about essential oils and their use. Service activities are carried out through two stages: exploration of essential oil-producing plants and conveying this information to the village community. Based on the exploration results, it was found that the community planted 16 species of plants producing essential oils for cooking spices and medicinal plants. The Sepang village community was very enthusiastic about receiving information, and their knowledge about essential plants and their utilization increased through this activity.

Exploring new dimensions: Single and multi-block analysis of essential oils using DBDI-MS and FT-IR for enhanced authenticity control

BackgroundEssential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile hydrocarbons with a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical, fragrance and food industry. The composition of EOs is highly variable and can affect their quality and pharmaceutical efficacy. Moreover, the high economic value of EOs, such as those obtained from Rosa damascena, make falsification and misclassification a lucrative business. Consequently, adulterations can lead to serious health consequences for consumers. While current quality control methods for EOs involve analysing their chromatographic profile or comparing their Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, these methods can be time-consuming or lack sensitivity. To address these issues, we compared state-of-the-art quality control methods, including gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID) quantification and enantiomeric ratio determination, FT-IR spectrometry with dielectric barrier discharge ionization coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (DBDI-MS), in a chemometric single- and multi-block approach. ResultsOur results show that the best classification accuracy of 94.7% for R. damascena samples was obtained using GC-FID combined with partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Comparatively, the enantiomeric ratios did not improve classification accuracy. In contrast, fragmentation data from DBDI-MS (Q3), which was acquired in a fraction of the analysis time and without extensive sample preparation, achieved a classification accuracy of 84.2%. We also found that combining FT-IR with parent ion DBDI-MS (Q1) data in a multi-block sequentially orthogonalized partial least squares linear discriminant analysis (SO-PLS-LDA) model improved classification accuracy, compared to their respective single-block PLS-DA models. SignificanceOverall, our study demonstrates that DBDI, as an ambient ionization method, has significant potential for high-throughput screening. When combined with MS, it can produce comparable classification accuracies to conventional methods, while offering the added benefits of speed and convenience. As such, DBDI-MS is a promising tool for EO quality control.

Engineering Escherichia coli for selective 1-decanol production using the reverse β-oxidation (rBOX) pathway

1-Decanol has great value in the pharmaceutical and fragrance industries and plays an important role in the chemical industry. In this study, we engineered Escherichia coli to selectively synthesize 1-decanol by using enzymes of the core reverse β-oxidation (rBOX) pathway and termination module with overlapping chain-length specificity. Through screening for acyl-CoA reductase termination enzymes and proper regulation of rBOX pathway expression, a 1-decanol titer of 1.4 g/L was achieved. Further improvements were realized by engineering pyruvate dissimilation to ensure the generation of NADH through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and reducing byproduct synthesis via a tailored YigI thioesterase knockout, increasing 1-decanol titer to 1.9 g/L. The engineered strain produced about 4.4 g/L 1-decanol with a yield of 0.21 g/g in 36 h in a bi-phasic fermentation that used a dodecane overlay to increase 1-decanol transport and reduce its toxicity. Adjustment of pathway expression (varying inducer concentration) and cell growth (oxygen availability) enabled 1-decanol production at 6.1 g/L (0.26 g/g yield) and 10.05 g/L (0.2 g/g yield) using rich medium in shake flasks and bioreactor, respectively. Remarkably, the use of minimal medium resulted in 1-decanol production with 100% specificity at 2.8 g/L (0.14 g/g yield) and a per cell mass yield higher than rich medium. These 1-decanol titers, yields and purity are at least 10-fold higher than others reported to date and the engineered strain shows great potential for industrial production. Taken together, our findings suggest that using rBOX pathway and termination enzymes of proper chain-length specificity in combination with optimal chassis engineering should be an effective approach for the selective production of alcohols.

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Three Popular Sideritis Species Cultivated in Greece Using GC-MS Analysis.

(1) Background: The essential oils (EOs) of Sideritis L. have attracted great interest due to their pharmacological activities and potential applications in the cosmetic and perfume industries. The aim of this work was to study the EO chemical composition of three of the most popular, in Greece, mountain tea species: namely, these include Sideritis scardica, Sideritis raeseri, and Sideritis syriaca. (2) Methods: The EOs were obtained from the aerial parts of three Sideritis species that were cultivated in various regions of Greece by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. (3) Results: The EOs of the Sideritis species-S. scardica (SSC1, SSC2, SSC3), S. raeseri (SR1, SR2, SR3), and S. syriaca (SS1, SS2, SS3)-were analyzed by GC-MS, and they showed both qualitatively and quantitatively high variation in their chemical composition. (4) Conclusions: The EOs of S. scardica and S. raeseri from three different regions of Greece, and the S. syriaca from three different localities of Crete Island in Southern Greece, showed high chemical variability. Although 165 different components were found to be present in the nine samples through GC-MS analysis, only 7 (1-octen-3-ol, linalool, trans-pinocarveol, p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, α-terpineol, myrtenol, and verbenone) were common components in the nine EOs, which were identified to be highly variable in different percentages among the samples. Even the EOs of SS1 and SS2, which were cultivated nearby, showed different GC profiles. The composition variation observed might be attributed to differentiations in the soil and climatic conditions.

Profiling of Rosa hybrida cv. Mileva essential oil, evaluation of its bioactivity in vitro, chemometric analysis and comparison to other non-commercial roses

Rose essential oil is one of the most valuable and pivotal raw materials in the perfume industry. However, the limited yield of essential oil in rose flowers increased the interest of both breeders and scientists to create and discover species that have potential for multifaceted applications aiming to increase the economic viability of rose cultivation. Consequently, garden roses (Rosa hybrida) through ongoing development emerge as possibly profitable for cultivation and processing. This opens possibilities for numerous applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries. The main objective of this study was to identify the essential oil composition of R. hybrida cv. Mileva and compare it against essential oil chemical compositions of 32 accessions of other non-commercial (wild and hybrid) roses available literature. The dominant compound detected in R. hybrida cv. Mileva essential oil was geranyl acetate (47.9%), followed by nonadecane and heneicosane. It was shown that the essential oil possesses moderate antimicrobial activity, good antioxidant potential and strong anti-inflammatory activity.

Boosting Geranyl Diphosphate Synthesis for Linalool Production in Engineered Yarrowia lipolytica.

Linalool is a pleasant-smelling monoterpenoid widely found in the essential oils of most flowers. Due to its biologically active properties, linalool has considerable commercial potential, especially in the food and perfume industries. In this study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce linalool de novo. The (S)-linalool synthase (LIS) gene from Actinidia argute was overexpressed to convert geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into linalool. Flux was diverted from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthesis to GPP by introducing a mutated copy of the native ERG20F88W-N119W gene, and CrGPPS gene from Catharanthus roseus on its own and as part of a fusion with LIS. Disruption of native diacylglycerol kinase enzyme, DGK1, by oligo-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation further increased linalool production. The resulting strain accumulated 109.6mg/L of linalool during cultivation in shake flasks with sucrose as a carbon source. CrGPPS expression in Yarrowia lipolytica increased linalool accumulation more efficiently than the ERG20F88W-N119W expression, suggesting that the increase in linalool production was predominantly influenced by the level of GPP precursor supply.

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and biological activity evaluation of propenylbenzene derivatives.

Propenylbenzenes, including isosafrole, anethole, isoeugenol, and their derivatives, are natural compounds found in essential oils from various plants. Compounds of this group are important and valuable, and are used in the flavour and fragrance industries as well as the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient process for synthesising oxygenated derivatives of these compounds and evaluate their potential biological activities. In this paper, we propose a two-step chemo-enzymatic method. The first step involves the synthesis of corresponding diols 1b-5b from propenylbenzenes 1a-5avia lipase catalysed epoxidation followed by epoxide hydrolysis. The second step involves the microbial oxidation of a diasteroisomeric mixture of diols 1b-5b to yield the corresponding hydroxy ketones 1c-4c, which in this study was performed on a preparative scale using Dietzia sp. DSM44016, Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM44534, R. erythropolis PCM2150, and Rhodococcus ruber PCM2166. Application of scaled-up processes allowed to obtain hydroxy ketones 1-4c with the following yield range 36-62.5%. The propenylbenzene derivatives thus obtained and the starting compounds were tested for various biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, haemolytic, and anticancer activities, and their impact on membrane fluidity. Fungistatic activity assay against selected strains of Candida albicans results in MIC50 value varied from 37 to 124 μg/mL for compounds 1a, 3a-c, 4a,b, and 5a,b. The highest antiradical activity was shown by propenylbenzenes 1-5a with a double bond in their structure with EC50 value ranged from 19 to 31 μg/mL. Haemolytic activity assay showed no cytotoxicity of the tested compounds on human RBCs whereas, compounds 2b-4b and 2c-4c affected the fluidity of the RBCs membrane. The tested compounds depending on their concentration showed different antiproliferative activity against HepG2, Caco-2, and MG63. The results indicate the potential utility of these compounds as fungistatics, antioxidants, and proliferation inhibitors of selected cell lines.

Systematically investigation on the spectral, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of fragrant methyl benzoate esters containing electron withdrawing and electron releasing groups

In this study, the effects of electron-withdrawing or electron-releasing groups in methyl benzoate esters, which are widely used in the fragrance industry, on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the compounds were investigated. Firstly, methyl benzoates with electron-withdrawing (NO2 and Cl groups) or electron-donating groups (CH3 and OCH3 groups) in the para position, which are commercial compounds, were synthesized, and extensively studied in terms of reaction conditions, and spectral data in their instrumental analysis methods. Then, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Among them, methyl 4-nitrobenzoate exhibited the highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate was selected for cytotoxicity evaluation due to its high antioxidant activity, and while the results indicated a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, lower concentrations may still be considered for cosmetic applications. These findings suggest that antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity are directly related to the electron density of the molecule. Therefore, this very up-to-date research covers many implications for organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, biotechnology, and microbiology. Therefore, the results obtained may have great potential to be applied in the cosmetic industry and could be used as exceptionally useful information on alternative raw material selection for researchers in the fragrance industry. These results also suggest that methyl benzoates have potential as lead compounds for the development of novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic agents, but further studies are needed to fully explore their applications in various fields.