Fragrance Industry Research Articles

ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PETANI BERUSAHATANI NILAM DI KECAMATAN POLINGGONA KABUPATEN KOLAKA

Patchouli is one of the primary essential oil-producing plants in Indonesia. The oil produced by the patchouli plant is called patchouli oil (patchouli oil), which is used as a raw material in perfume, cosmetics and other industries. In Indonesia, there are several patchouli oil production centres. One is in Polinggona District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. To start farming activity, some factors influence farmers in making the farmer's decision to carry out patchouli farming. Decision-making is a process of selecting the best alternative from various alternatives systematically to be followed up as a way to solve problems that occur. This research aims to determine what factors influence farmers' decisions to carry out value farming in Polinggona District, Kolaka Regency. This research method uses a quantitative descriptive method with the help of multiple linear regression data analysis tools. The research sample was determined using the Slovin method. The results of this research state that the land area variable has the most significant influence on farmers' decisions in patchouli farming because it has a calculated t value that is greater than the education variable and the income variable.

Aroma Chemicals Identification by Sophisticated Technique and Their Role Against Pathogens

Citrus fruits and their essential oils play a vital role in every aspect of human life. Essential oils derived from citrus peel are rich in polyphenols and act as secondary metabolites to treat various diseases and they can be used as insecticide or pesticide. These citrus oil derivatives are much popular in flavour and fragrance industry and FMCG sector. In present research work five variants of citrus fruits; C. aurantium (Narinja), C. hystrix (Gondhoajlebu), C. limon (Lemon), C. limetta (Mosambi) and Citrus reticulata Blanco (Nagur Orange) were selected from different regions of India; Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kolkata and Maharashtra. The collected samples were further studied using SPME-GCMS analysis to identify the specific molecules which are not in common. Most identified moleculesthrough GCMS analysis are Limonene, Alpha pinene, Myrcene, Delta-carene, Sabinene etc. Each molecule has a significant aroma and used in many Flavour & Fragrance industry. The chemical molecules identified in Narinja (C. aurantium) citrus fruit are specific and not identified in any of the selected fruits they areBicyclogermacrene, Isopiperitenone, Alpha eudesmol, Beta eudesmol. Antimicrobial activity of five essential oilsreports Narinja oil has potent activity on E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus followed by lemon oil and orange oil on E. coli and Bacillus, Mosambion Bacillus and Gondhorajlebu on E. coli. This data reveals that there aresome specific molecules in C. aurantiumto be considered for further research for their medicinal aspects, as mosquito repellent or in F&F industry.

Optimization of oil yield of Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér using Box-Behnken design in relation to its antimicrobial activity and in silico study

Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér is an important species of genus Pelargonium with an economic value. The unique rose scent of its oil is used in perfume and cosmetic industry. The oil is characterized by the presence of citronellol, geraniol and rose oxide. Fresh aerial parts of P. graveolens at GC–MS analysis of four seasons revealed that autumn constituted the highest yield of the oil. For the first time, optimization of the yield of extracted oil of P. graveolens was performed employing 3-level Box-Behnken design using 3-factors. The GC–MS analysis of the essential oil was performed for the 17-runs. The optimized extraction of the oil was performed employing numerical optimization and studied for antimicrobial, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory activities. The 3 factors followed rank (plant material amount > water volume > NaCl percent in water), in their magnitude of effect on increasing yield of the oil. Increasing the plant material amount increased the yield of the oil by 6-folds compared to NaCl percent in water. The optimized yield of oil (4 ml) was obtained from extraction criteria (150 g of plant, 750 ml of water and 3.585% (26.85 g) of NaCl). Computational docking was performed to overcome the multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli targeting undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPS). The optimized oil exhibited a promising inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa) with significant antibiofilm action (P < 0.05). Moreover, it exerted a synergistic effect when combined with various antibiotics (Cefoxitin, Cloxacillin, Oxacillin and Vancomycin) against MRSA clinical strains.

Unlocking Nature's Aroma: Hora Perfumes and The Art of Harnessing Natural Fragrance Compounds

This study looks into the world of perfumery and how essential oils, plant extracts, and other organic materials can be changed to make fragrance molecules that can be used to make beautiful perfumes. It goes into great detail about the many aspects of the art and science of perfumery, with a focus on how important natural materials are for making unique and appealing scents. In addition, the paper looks at the complicated problems the perfume industry faces when it tries to balance the growing demand for natural scents with the moral obligation to use ingredients that are safe for customers and good for the environment. This study shows how difficult it can be to use natural fragrance compounds in perfumery by looking at a lot of previous research and successful case studies. It does this by shedding light on the topic and giving useful information for the perfume business and future research. After a comprehensive review of numerous research papers that delve into the complexities of perfume production, and following an in-depth analysis of customer surveys, we are excited to introduce our imaginative perfume brand.

Impact of fractional distillation on physicochemical and biological properties of oregano essential oil of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. grown wild in Mexico

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of fractional distillation on the physicochemical and biological properties of oregano essential oil obtained from Lippia graveolens H.B.K. Dry vacuum fractional distillation allowed the division of oregano essential oil into two distinct fractions. The first fraction was rich in ρ-cymene (45.32%) and γ-terpinene (19.14%), while the second fraction had enrichments on the phenolic thymol and carvacrol components (47.63% and 35.56%, respectively), reaching up to 83% of the total chemical composition. In addition, it was shown that fractionation influenced the biological properties of the essential oil. The fraction enriched on thymol and carvacrol showed a higher antioxidant activity than the complete oregano essential oil and the terpenic fraction, as measured by the DPPH method. Moreover, the phenolic fraction produced a concentration-dependent viability decrease on HeLa, Hep2 and A-549 cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of the phenolic fraction was higher compared to that of complete oregano essential oil as well as that of the terpenic fraction. It can be concluded that dry vacuum fractional distillation is an effective separation method that could be used to rectify and improve the quality of oregano essential oils, making them more attractive in the market. As another benefit, the fractions generated could be used for different purposes. In practice, the terpenic fraction, for example, could be used in flavouring and fragrance industries. Regarding the phenolic fraction, new and deeper studies are needed to establish its potential use in food safety and pharmaceutical industries.

Monoterpene Thiols: Synthesis and Modifications for Obtaining Biologically Active Substances.

Monoterpene thiols are one of the classes of natural flavors that impart the smell of citrus fruits, grape must and wine, black currants, and guava and are used as flavoring agents in the food and perfume industries. Synthetic monoterpene thiols have found an application in asymmetric synthesis as chiral auxiliaries, derivatizing agents, and ligands for metal complex catalysis and organocatalysts. Since monoterpenes and monoterpenoids are a renewable source, there are emerging trends to use monoterpene thiols as monomers for producing new types of green polymers. Monoterpene thioderivatives are also known to possess antioxidant, anticoagulant, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. The current review covers methods for the synthesis of acyclic, mono-, and bicyclic monoterpene thiols, as well as some investigations related to their usage for the preparation of the compounds with antimicrobial properties.

Spatial Variation in Yield, Chemical Composition, and Phytotoxic Activity of Cistus ladanifer Essential Oils.

Cistus ladanifer L. (rockrose) is a widespread shrub species of the Mediterranean region with products highly valued by the perfume and cosmetics industry. In this research, the variability in yield, chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of C. ladanifer essential oils collected from 12 plots belonging to four natural populations and settled on two different types of edaphic substrates were evaluated. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oil content ranged from 0.19 to 0.42 mL/100 g. The volatile profiles were found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes. PCA analysis clustered the samples into two groups that were mainly attributed to the type of substrate on which the plants grow. Furthermore, CCA and correlation analysis revealed that soil organic matter was the most effective edaphoclimatic driver accounting for these high levels of variation in essential oil yield and composition. Finally, C. ladanifer essential oils showed strong phytotoxic activity on R. sativus seedlings, indicating its potential use as a natural bio-herbicide in agriculture. The results showed that the effect associated to local edaphoclimatic conditions not only impacted on the quality and quantity of the essential oil, but also on the industrial uses derived from its biological activities.

The Accumulation of Volatile Compounds and the Change in the Morphology of the Leaf Wax Cover Accompanied the "Anti-Aging" Effect in Anethum graveolens L. Plants Sprayed with 6-Benzylaminopurine.

Essential oils (EOs) are of commercial importance for medicine, food, cosmetics, the perfume industry, and agriculture. In plants, EOs, like the wax cover, serve as protection against abiotic stresses, such as high temperatures and water deficiency. The use of spraying with exogenous hormones of aromatic plants affects the accumulation and composition of volatile compounds, as well as tolerance to abiotic stress. As a result of cytokinin treatment with 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) (200 mg L-l) of Anetum graveolens L. "Uzory" and "Rusich" varieties, several responses to its action were revealed: a change in the division of leaf blades, inhibition of flowering, an increase in the content of EO and its main components α-phellandrene and p-cymene in leaves, and limonene in umbels and fruits. It was revealed that the increased accumulation of EO in dill leaves was longer with sufficient moisture. In contrast, under conditions of heat and water deficiency, the effect of 6-BAP treatment on accumulations of the EO in leaves was short-lived and did not appear on umbels and fruits. The study of the cytokinin effect on a fine structure of a wax cover on the adaxial side of leaves by scanning electron microscopy revealed a change in its elements (from amorphous layers with scales to thin tubules), which probably increased the sensitivity of leaves to water deficiency and, consequently, led to a decrease in the biosynthetic activity of leaf tissue. Thus, 6-BAP had an impact on the adaptive properties of dill plants, prolonging the "youth" of vegetative organs and the ability to EO biosynthesis under conditions of sufficient moisture.

New esters from the essential oil of dry flowers of elder (Sambucus nigra L.).

Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has relevance for the food, fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Flowers of this species emit a very pleasant scent; for processing purposes, inflorescences are either collected from the wild or harvested from a cultivated crop. The study of elderflower-derived volatiles bears both phytochemical and commercial importance. Three samples of dry elderflower essential oil obtained from laboratory-scale hydrodistillations were analyzed. By use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, synthesis and NMR studies of chromatographic fractions of a distillation water extract prepared in a semi-industrial scale steam distillation, 252 constituents of the oil were identified; 115 compounds were not previously reported as elderflower volatiles, seven of which were new natural esters. Particularly interesting were those of isosenecioic (3-methylbut-3-enoic) acid because these were never before found in the plant kingdom. With these identifications, the known essential oil constituents accounted for 89.0-93.0% of the analyzed samples. Although the number of known S. nigra flower-derived volatiles is now quite high, further research (both analytical and olfactory) is needed to unveil all of the relevant contributions to the unique odor of elderflowers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Биологически активные вещества в цветках и листьях сортов сибирских ирисов

Abstract. In the last decade, garden varieties of Siberian iris (Iris sibirica L.) of the iris family (Iridaceae Juss.), which are valuable not only as ornamental plants, but also as a source of biologically active substances used in medicine and the perfume industry, have been very popular. Information on the presence of these substances in the generative and vegetative organs of the varieties of Siberian iris studied by us was not noted, which is the novelty and relevance of this work. The purpose of the study is a comparative study and assessment of the quantitative content of biologically active substances in the flowers and leaves of I sibirica and seven varieties from the Siberian irises (SIB) group cultivated in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Methods. The content of flavonols, catechins, carotenoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method, pectin substances by the carbazole-free spectrophotometric method and tannins by the titrimetric method. Results. The results of a comparative analysis of secondary metabolites in the aerial organs of irises showed that the content of tannins (1.3–3.2 times), flavonoids (1.5–4.6 times), catechins (5.0–6.3 times), carotenoids (2.6–9.5 times) higher in leaves than in flowers. The content of pectins is higher (3.5–9.5 times) and protopectins (1.2–1.9 times) in flowers. The varieties Fialcovy, Vals Katuni, Kassandra were distinguished by the highest indications for individual components. Variety and species specificity in the distribution of these components in the flowers and leaves of plants, as well as the influence of hydrometrological factors during the growing seasons of growth and development of 2020–2021, were noted. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk region, a comparative quantitative analysis of the content of tannins, flavonols, pectins, protopectins, catechins, carotenoids in the aboveground organs of Iris sibirica and its varieties: Baltik Blue, Blue Cup, Cambridge, Fialcovy, Kassandra, Mandy Morse, Vals Katuni was carried out.

Steady cultivar selection for the production of essential oil of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii [Roxb.] Wats. var. motia Burk.) in the semi-arid tropical Deccan plateau region of southern India

The development of the rose-scented palmarosa crop stable varieties is primarily driven by the essential oil it contains, which is highly valued in the fragrance and cosmetics industries because of its high geraniol and geranyl acetate content. The objective of this investigation was to improve the stable yield and quality of the essential oil. Traditional breeding relies heavily on the harvesting phase to maintain consistency in the essential oil content. Findings from the AMMI and GGE analyses showed that various kinds exhibit both general and niche environmental adaptability. The mean essential oil yields, as well as geraniol and geranyl acetate, were significantly influenced by both genetic variation and environmental variables. The stability of the traits is also influenced by the correlations between different attributes across the four stages of the eight seasons/environments. Pr2 at full blooming stages 1 and 2 and Pr4 at full blooming stage 1 had stability for the maximum oil yield, geraniol, and geranyl acetate, based on the overall average of the eight seasons/environments in four stages of the crop. Because they have higher G × E, which makes them more sensitive to environmental changes, the AMMI model identified Pr2 at full flowering stages 1 and 2 and Pr4 at full flowering stage 1 as being more stable and better suited to their environments. Of the four varieties studied, Pr2 full flowering stages 1 and 2 and Pr4 full flowering stage 1 were identified as higher essential oil yielders and stable, and they also possessed other desirable characteristics like high herb’ plant height, branches/plant, geraniol content, and geranyl acetate content. Therefore, commercial-scale production should take advantage of these stable cultivars.

Forgotten Perfumery Plants - Part II: New Insights into the Development of Novel Fragrant Ingredients - Hawthorn Case Study.

Naturalness is gaining ground among perfumers and the use of natural raw materials is spreading in perfumery. Forgotten perfumery plants are of concern to develop innovative and natural ingredients for modern perfume industries. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential interest of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. extracts as fragrance ingredient. To this end, various extractions, phytochemical characterizations and organoleptic evaluations of hawthorn were conducted on fresh, frozen, and dried flowering aerial parts, to identify those most likely to be of interest. More than a hundred compounds, anisaldehyde being the predominant one, were characterized for the first time in the volatile fraction, using HS-SPME-GC-MS technology. Impact of plant treatment and harvest year on the extracts were also discussed. From this work, a new and natural hawthorn-based ingredient was developed to complete the perfumers' palette.

New efficient catalysts based on hydrotalcite for synthesis of sandalwood-type fragrances

The presented study focuses on the development of metal-modified bifunctional catalysts based on hydrotalcites (HT) and their utilization for the „one-pot“ synthesis of 2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)but-2-enol, also known as Santalinol. Such fragrance has a strong scent of sandalwood and is used in the perfume and cosmetics industry. The synthesis of Santalinol involves two steps: the aldol condensation of campholenic aldehyde with propanal to form 2-methyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)but-2-enal (santalinal), followed by selective hydrogenation. Three hydrotalcites with different magnesium-aluminium ratios ranging from 2 to 3 were prepared and tested for aldol condensation. Among them, the most active catalyst was modified with a metal using the impregnation method and various metal precursors. The modification using palladium (II) acetylacetonate solution in toluene proved to be the most advantageous. An efficient bifunctional catalyst was prepared, consisting of a hydrotalcite with a magnesium-aluminium ratio of 2.5 and 0.1 wt% of palladium for Santalinol synthesis. Under optimal conditions in a one-pot reaction, a 40% conversion of campholenic aldehyde was achieved after aldol condensation, with a selectivity of 86% towards santalinal. During the hydrogenation step, a selectivity of up to 75% towards Santalinol, relative to the formed santalinal, was observed.

Genome assembly of the bearded iris, Irispallida Lam.

Irises are perennial plants, representing a large genus with hundreds of species. While cultivated extensively for their ornamental value, commercial interest in irises lies in the secondary metabolites present in their rhizomes. The Dalmatian Iris (Irispallida Lam.) is an ornamental plant that also produces secondary metabolites with potential value to the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. In addition to providing base notes for the fragrance industry, iris tissues and extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, study of these secondary metabolites has been hampered by a lack of genomic information, requiring difficult extraction and analysis techniques. Here, we report the genome sequence of Irispallida Lam., generated with Pacific Bioscience long-read sequencing, resulting in a 10.04-Gbp assembly with a scaffold N50 of 14.34 Mbp and 91.8% complete BUSCOs. This reference genome will allow researchers to study the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites in much greater detail, opening new avenues of investigation for drug discovery and fragrance formulations.

Overview of the Biotransformation of Limonene and α-Pinene from Wood and Citrus Residues by Microorganisms

This review provides an overview of the biotransformation of limonene and α-pinene, which are commonly found in wood residues and citrus fruit by-products, to produce high-value-added products. Essential oils derived from various plant parts contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, such as limonene and pinenes which are often considered waste due to their low sensory activity, poor water solubility, and tendency to autoxidize and polymerise. However, these terpene hydrocarbons serve as ideal starting materials for microbial transformations. Moreover, agro-industrial byproducts can be employed as nutrient and substrate sources, reducing fermentation costs, and enhancing industrial viability. Terpenes, being secondary metabolites of plants, are abundant in byproducts generated during fruit and plant processing. Microbial cells offer advantages over enzymes due to their higher stability, rapid growth rates, and genetic engineering potential. Fermentation parameters can be easily manipulated to enhance strain performance in large-scale processes. The economic advantages of biotransformation are highlighted by comparing the prices of substrates and products. For instance, R-limonene, priced at US$ 34/L, can be transformed into carveol, valued at around US$ 530/L. This review emphasises the potential of biotransformation to produce high-value products from limonene and α-pinene molecules, particularly present in wood residues and citrus fruit by-products. The utilisation of microbial transformations, along with agro-industrial byproducts, presents a promising approach to extract value from waste materials and enhance the sustainability of the antimicrobial, the fragrance and flavour industry.

Development of Essential Oil Potential as Raw Material for Making Mi Amore Perfume in Jeulekat Village, Blang Mangat District

Along with the development of modern industries such as the perfume, cosmetic, food, aromatherapy and pharmaceutical industries, the world's need for essential oils is increasing every year. Several parameters developed in this article include the effect of pressure (1, 2, 4, 6, 8) mmHg and time (20, 40, 60) minutes until final boiling point on the volume of oil produced and geraniol concentration. The analysis carried out was GCMS analysis and bacterial activity in the application of perfume products. From the research results it was found that at 1 atm pressure the geraniol concentration increased by 50% to 80.11%. Apart from these compounds, other compounds were also obtained such as citronellol, rhodinol and cheprol. at this pressure also produced the highest product volume of 21.2 ml. The application of the product resulting from the vacuum distillation process in the form of an anti-bacterial perfume at an incubation time of 48 hours has the strongest anti-bacterial activity with a diameter of 10.13 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

A framework for predicting odor threshold values of perfumes by scientific machine learning and transfer learning

Knowledge of odor thresholds is very important for the perfume industry. Due to the difficulty associated with measuring odor thresholds, empirical models capable of estimating these values can be an invaluable contribution to the field. This work developed a framework based on scientific machine learning strategies. A transfer learning-based strategy was devised, where information from a graph convolutional network predicting semantic odor descriptors was used as input data for the feedforward neural network responsible for estimating odor thresholds for chemical substances based on their molecular structures. The predictive performance of this model was compared to a benchmark odor threshold prediction model based on molecular structures that did not utilize transfer learning. Furthermore, the prediction was compared to a correlation previously proposed in the literature and a dummy regressor. Results demonstrated that the transfer learning-based strategy displayed a better predictive performance, suggesting this technique can be useful for predicting odor thresholds.

Synthesis of biochar modified with 12-tungstophosphoric acid for the selective conversion of isoeugenol to vanillin

A heterogeneous acid catalyst was synthesized by anchoring 12–tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) onto biochar derived from Brazil nut shells (Bertholletia excelsa). This catalyst was used for the synthesis of vanillin from isoeugenol, employing hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile solvent. The HPW-functionalized biocatalyst was prepared using a sonication method, which avoids the need for toxic and corrosive solvents, effectively incorporating tungsten at a mass proportion of 25%. Characterization of the catalysts utilized various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. 30HPW/CC(200–2) exhibited high selectivity for vanillin (55%) with a significant conversion rate (69%). Over four cycles, selectivity and conversion remained consistently above 56% and 45%, respectively. The results presented in this study have the potential to promote a more sustainable vanillin production process, a valuable additive in the food and perfume industries, renowned for its high economic value.

Do Abiotic Stresses Affect the Aroma of Damask Roses?

Roses are popular ornamental plants all over the world. Rosa damascena Mill., also known as the damask rose, is a well-known scented rose species cultivated to produce essential oil. The essential oils obtained are high in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are in demand across the pharmaceutical, food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. Citronellol, nonadecane, heneicosane, caryophyllene, geraniol, nerol, linalool, and phenyl ethyl acetate are the most important components of the rose essential oil. Abiotic factors, including as environmental stress and stress generated by agricultural practises, frequently exert a selective impact on particular floral characteristics, hence influencing the overall quality and quantity of rose products. Additionally, it has been observed that the existence of stress exerts a notable impact on the chemical composition and abundance of aromatic compounds present in roses. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect the biosynthesis of VOCs, especially those representing the aroma and scent of rose, as a response to abiotic stress is important. This review provides comprehensive information on plant taxonomy, an overview of the volatolomics involving aromatic profiles, and describes the influence of abiotic stresses on the biosynthesis of the VOCs in damask rose.

The Impact of Sensory Marketing: Analysis of its Attributes Towards Online Perfum Users’ Behavior

Purpose: The tendency of consumers to purchase online today is enormous and requires the role of sensory marketing in providing a positive and memorable experience to all. In addition, since sensory marketing whether in online or offline settings can unconsciously govern shoppers’ judgement and purchase behavior, this paper aims to understand how multi-sensory information processing in the online environment is diverted from offline in the cosmetic perfume industry by leveraging previous research to analyze its effect on offline stores and emphasizing the present study on online retail stores. Theoretical framework: The research study conducted by Petit et al. (2019) attempts to explore more about digital sensory marketing and multisensory technologies. However, offline and online settings would have different effects and since perfume products require the use of our senses, there would be obstacles that prevent us from using our senses when sold online. This requires us to understand sensory marketing in the online shopping environment. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper uses an exploratory study approach to gain in-depth understanding of the topic. The qualitative study is essentially built on primary data sources, through naturalistic observation and semi-structured interviews with 9 Generation Z individuals who are Indonesian citizens and have undertaken frequent perfume purchases online. A snowball sampling method was used in finding respondents for this study while interview results were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The paper highlights the significant impact of sensory marketing through the use of sensorial cues, sensorial attributes, and individual differences in sensory perception. Ethical considerations when utilizing sensory marketing are also being emphasized throughout this study. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: Results of this study can encourage future research to help bring benefits for website/internet site designers, content managers, online perfume retailers, as well as academicians in general. Originality/Value: This paper draws attention to the growing use of online channels by cosmetic perfume industry actors and sheds light on the importance of sensory marketing practices in affecting online user behavior by answering what and how questions using exploratory studies.