Fourth Treatment Research Articles

Fine-mesh exclusion netting reduces Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) infestation and improves organic fall-bearing raspberry yields.

The economical production of small fruits has been significantly complicated by the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, throughout its invaded rage. Fall-bearing red raspberries are especially susceptible to D. suzukii, and significant efforts to mitigate their damage are undertaken by growers. Exclusion barriers made from fine-mesh netting has emerged as an organic compliant strategy to mitigate damage from D. suzukii. Identifying less susceptible raspberry cultivars may also alleviate D. suzukii damage. Key pollination complications arise from exclusion-based tactics, but properly timing exclusion establishment may provide a remedy. In a 2-yr-old fall-bearing raspberry planting containing 3 cultivars, exclusion barriers were erected at 2 phenological timings. Spinosad- and pyrethrin-based pesticides were also applied to separate rows throughout harvest and a fourth treatment group matured without management. A subsection of raspberries was harvested and examined for marketability or damage, and D. suzukii adult populations were sampled with baited traps. An exclusion barrier applied early in fruit development was the most effective pest management strategy of those we tested. Its use decreased D. suzukii captures by 75%, decreased D. suzukii-infested fruit weights by 48%, and increased marketable yield by 63% compared to the no management control; however, it also increased pollination deficient fruit weights. Exclusion netting applied later in fruit maturation also decreased D. suzukii captures, infested fruit weights, and the weight of fruits damaged by other arthropod pests but did not significantly increase marketable yield. Our results indicate that netting exclusions may hold promise for the economical production of fall-bearing raspberries.

Nationwide Assessment of Patient Trajectories in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: The Swedish MCLcomplete Project.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell malignancy currently considered incurable. Although some patients obtain prolonged remission after first-line chemoimmunotherapy, many will need several treatment lines. Here, we present a nationwide assessment of treatment strategies, time to progression and survival in MCL. All patients diagnosed with MCL 2006-2018 were identified in the Swedish Lymphoma Register. Information on all lines of therapy was extracted from the medical records. Overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS) were assessed through August 2021. In total, 1367 patients were included (median age, 71 years) and median follow-up was 6.8 years. Two hundred and one (15%) were managed initially with watch-and-wait, but 1235 (90%) eventually received treatment. The most frequently used first-line regimens were rituximab-bendamustine (BR) (n = 368; 30%) and Nordic MCL2 (n = 342; 28%). During follow-up, 630 patients (46%) experienced relapse/progression and 546 (40%) received second-line treatment. The most frequently used second-line regimen was BR (n = 185; 34%) but otherwise a wide variety of second-line treatments were used. Further, 382 and 228 patients experienced a second or third relapse/progression, respectively. Median PFS after first (PFS-1), second (PFS-2), third (PFS-3), and fourth (PFS-4) treatment lines was 29.4, 8.9, 4.3, and 2.7 months. Patients with early progression, defined as a PFS-1 <24 months, had an inferior median OS of 13 versus 37 months in patients with later relapse. For patients treated with frontline BR, however, time to relapse had no impact on later outcome. By use of nationwide population-based data, we provide important benchmarks for future studies of all treatment lines in MCL.

The Influence of Educational Snakes and Ladders Game on the Cognitive Development of Children Aged 5-6 Years in TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 41

This study aims to find out how the educational snakes and ladders game influences the cognitive development of children aged 5-6 years at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 41 Private Kindergarten. This research was conducted at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 41 Private Kindergarten, with a population of 54 children and 15 children as a sample. who is in the Tulip class. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. In this study the method used was the Quasi Experimental Designs research method using the Equivalent Time Samples Design research design. The data collection instrument uses an observation sheet. The first treatment (X1) which was given treatment, the child obtained an average score of 7.4 included in the Less Good category. The second treatment (X0) which was not given child treatment obtained an average value of 6.3 included in the Not Good category. Furthermore, in the third treatment (X1) which was given treatment, the child got an average value of 13 included in the Very Good category. And finally the fourth treatment (X0) which was not given treatment, the child got an average value of 12.2 which was in the Good category. Based on the results of the Friedman test calculations, it shows the Asymp Value. Sig (0.000) &lt; 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of the educational snakes and ladders game on the cognitive development of children aged 5-6 years in TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 41.

Ability of Melon (Cucumis melo. L) Fruit Juices Based Tris Diluent on The Quality of Frozen Spermatozoa of Bali Cattle After Thawing

The high potassium content in melon plays a role in maintaining the normal function of the muscles, heart, nervous system, and potassium is also the main regulator of blood pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using melon juice (Cucumis melo L.) as a diluent on the quality of spermatozoa and semen of Bali cattle both before and after freezing. The Banyumulek Artificial Insemination Center produces sperm used in Bali cattle breeding. The technique used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 15 replications. The first treatment was 100% egg yolk tris buffer without the addition of melon juice (P0), the second treatment was 80% buffer without the addition of 20% melon juice (P1), the third treatment was 60% buffer with the addition of 40% melon juice (P2). The fourth treatment was 40% buffer with the addition of 60% melon juice (P3). The outcomes showed that the worth of flawless plasma film and mortality upsides of ox-like semen after weakening and subsequent to defrosting were not essentially unique. Be that as it may, not altogether disparate in that frame of mind of motility, level of reasonability, level of ordinariness and post-defrosting anomalies. According to the findings of this study, melon juice can be used as an alternative extender for fresh Bali cattle sperm and preserve the quality of spermatozoa.

Vine Performance and Phenology Postponement in Cane-Pruned Chardonnay Vines Grown in a Temperate Climate: The Effects of a Delayed Winter Pruning

In a global warming context, the advancement and compression of maturity in early ripening grape varieties suited to sparkling wine making can easily expedite harvest within the first two weeks of August (in northern Italy). Such earliness, albeit safeguarding acid retention, involves potential suboptimal grape composition and triggers logistical issues related to grape harvest and delivery. Hence, this three-year study beginning in 2020 was conducted on cane-pruned Chardonnay vines, grown in the Franciacorta district of Lombardy, to assess if a single-step delayed winter pruning was able to postpone vine phenology and ripening, without harming yield potential. Control (C) vines pruned midwinter were compared with those subjected to late winter pruning (LWP), performed when the apical shoots growing on the unpruned canes had reached the 2-3 unfolded leaf stage (T1) as well as 7-8 days later (T2). In 2022, a fourth treatment was added, consisting of a two-step procedure with finishing performed at T1 (LWP-two canes). Vegetative growth, yield components, ripening dynamics, and maturity at harvest were followed in each year of this study. Budburst delay induced by LWP treatments across seasons varied between 4 and 9 days, whereas harvest was postponed by 5–14 days. The extent of delay was especially pronounced in 2020, when the removed leaf area (LA) was also found to be the highest. The higher the removed LA, the higher the yield constrain was in the concomitant year. In 2020 and 2021, despite the harvest delay, LWP vines were able to assure full matching with desirable features in must composition, set at total soluble solids (TSS) of about 18°Brix and a titratable acidity (TA) of at least 8 g/L. In the very hot and dry phase of 2022, none of the treatments facilitated the required ripening status, while data showed that an even earlier ripening would not have allowed the harvest to reach the minimum TSS level. Notably, even in 2021 and 2022, when the removed LA was quite low, a delaying effect was prompted in the seasonal trends of all main ripening parameters. This suggested that besides the amount of LA removal, other unknown factors drive the postponement of ripening. In 2022, the behavior of added-treatment LWP-two canes was found to be quite similar to that of the C vines. Depending upon the desired yield level and local climate feature, the protocol entailing a single-step late winter pruning, performed at any time between the T1-T2 time window used in this study, is deemed as effective in achieving a significant harvest delay while maintaining or even improving the compositional patterns recorded for midwinter pruned vines.

High below‐ground bud abundance increases ecosystem recovery from drought across arid and semiarid grasslands

Abstract Asexual reproduction plays a fundamental role in the structure, dynamics and persistence of perennial grasslands. Thus, assessing how asexual reproductive traits of plant communities respond to drought may be key for understanding grassland resistance to drought and recovery following drought. Here, we quantified three asexual reproductive traits (i.e. above‐ground tiller abundance, below‐ground bud abundance and the ratio of tillers to buds) during a 4‐year severe drought and a 2‐year drought recovery period in four grasslands that spanned an aridity gradient in northern China. We also assessed the relationship between these traits and the resistance and recovery of above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP). We found that drought had limited and largely inconsistent effects on asexual reproduction among drought and recovery years and grasslands overall. Drought increased tiller abundance in the first treatment year and reduced bud banks by the fourth treatment year across grasslands. However, neither of the three asexual reproductive traits were correlated with drought resistance of ANPP. Drought legacies differed among the four grasslands with positive, negative and no legacies evident for the three asexual reproductive traits, and no clear relationship with aridity. Bud banks and tiller to bud ratio decreased and increased, respectively, in the first recovery year, but not in the second recovery year. In contrast to drought resistance, community bud abundance was strongly related to recovery, such that communities with higher bud abundance had greater ANPP recovery following drought. Synthesis. These results suggest that asexual reproductive traits may be important drivers of ecosystem recovery after drought, but that variable responses of these asexual reproduction traits during drought complicates predictions of overall grassland responses.

Current progress of immunotherapy based on NK cell in cancer therapy

Cancer generally refers to malignant tumor, including carcinoma, sarcoma and carcinosarcoma. This disease is caused by malignant cell hyperplasia. It is invasive and metastable. It is manifested by the continuous growth of a local mass of the body that destroys the normal tissue structure and can be transferred to other sites. It has been reported that there will be about 20 million new cases of cancer in 2020 and half of all cancer patients will die. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as the three standard treatment methods for cancer, plays an vital role in improving the survival rate and prolonging the survival time of cancer patients. In recent years, researchers have focused on the immune mechanism of tumors to explore the treatment of malignant tumors. Driven by the rapid development of modern molecular biology and gene engineering technology, immunotherapy has been paid more and more attention, showing good effect and application prospects, has become the world's recognized malignancy of the fourth treatment mode. Among these, natural killer cells (NK) fight cancer through their cytolytic function and the production of IFN-γ. One of the primary clinical objectives is to use their abilities for tumour immunotherapy. This article looks at advances in NK cell-based tumor therapy.

The Effect of Adding Licorice Extract and Sodium Bicarbonate to Drinking Water on the Productive Performance of Broilers Raised under Elevated Temperatures

The practical aspect of the research was carried out in the field of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul. 200 Arbo Rekar chicks were used in standard breeding from one day old to 56 days old. At the age of 22 days, the chicks were randomly distributed among the study treatments, taking into account the homogeneity of chick weights for the replicates, while exposing all treatments to a gradual periodic temperature of (25-36-25) ±2°C. The design of the experiment included five treatments: the first was a control (without adding a control), the second and the third were licorice extract at a concentration of 800 and 1200 mg/liter of water, respectively, and for the fourth and fifth, sodium bicarbonate was added at a concentration of 0.4% and 0.6% to Drinking water straight. Feed and water were provided freely with Ad Libitum throughout the study period and for all treatments. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant improvement (p≤0.05) in favor of the fifth treatment in the averages of final live body weight, total weight gain, total relative growth rate and total feed consumption compared to the rest of the treatments. The second and fourth treatments also showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean total weight gain. Also, the fourth treatment was significantly (p≤0.05) superior in the average overall relative growth rate over the rest of the treatments. While the percentage of fatalities decreased significantly in the second, third and fourth treatments compared to the control treatment. While the results did not show any significant differences in the averages of the total feed conversion factor, the productivity index, the percentages of dressing, the mean relative weight of the main and secondary carcass pieces, visceral edible and visceral fat.

Assessment of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) on Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio: Anesthesia

The anesthetic efficacy of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) powders was evaluated on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) The following concentrations (250, 350, 450) mg/liter were used in three replicates. During the experiment, the period required for partial and total anesthesia and the time required for partial and total recovery was tested, as well as the number of red and white blood cells after and before Anesthesia in addition to blood serum enzymes represented (ALP, GOT, GPT, CK, and LDH in Ul / l). The results showed that the least period of anesthesia occurred in the fourth treatment, the treatment with a concentration of 450 mg / l, as well as the least period required for recovery, while the recovery period was the longest. And anesthesia in the first treatment exposed to a concentration of 250 mg/liter, and it was not noticed that there was a significant difference between each the number of red blood cells, white blood cells in the test fish before the experiment and after treatment with valerian plants, as well as each of (ALP, GOT, GPT, CK, and LDH in Ul / l) There were no significant differences between all treatments before and after exposure to valerian, and it is concluded from the study that valerian is a safe plant for use in anesthetizing fish.

تأثير إضافة محتوى الكرش للأبقار على صفات الزيادة الوزنية والمعدلات النسبية والنوعية لأسماك الكارب العشبي Ctenopharyngodon idella

The study was conducted in the fish laboratory, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, with the aim of using the contents of the rumen of cows supported with the prebiotic as a diet for grass carp fish. In the research, 190 fish were used, with an average starting weight of 40 g. 15 fingerlings, the fish were fed on four types of rations equal in protein, after crushing and grinding the materials and adding the contents of the rumen at rates of 10, 15and 20, fortified with a prebiotic of 2 g/kg, except for the control ration free of addition. The results of the research indicated that the second treatment had a significant superiority over all treatments in terms of body weight rates, weight gain, relative and specific weight rates, feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency, and apparent digestion coefficient, followed by the third treatment, then the fourth treatment, and for all durations of the experiment. The results also indicated that the fourth treatment had a significant superiority in the characteristic of the time for the appearance of droppings after 10 h had passed from the presentation of the diet, followed by the third treatment and then the second treatment .The results also indicated that feed consumption increased significantly for the second treatment, followed by the third treatment, and then the fourth treatment.

تغذية أسماك الكارب الشائع على علائق تحتوي على نسب مختلفة من الزنجبيل (Zingbar officinale) وتأثيره على صفات الدمية والمعايير الكيموحيوية

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were manually fed a diet supplemented with ginger powder (Zingiber officinalis) at levels (0, 6, 8, and 10) % to observe the effect of ginger powder on blood and biochemical parameters. The research was conducted in the fish laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Production /College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul. In this study 84 fish were used and distributed over 12 glass tanks with an average weight of 28 ± 1gm. The fish were fed 3 times a day at a rate of 3% of body weight for a period of 56 days. At the end of the experiment, there were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in the hemoglobin standard in the treatments to which ginger was added compared to the control treatment. PCV values also increased in fish fed on the added diets. Also, albumin values decreased in treatments to which ginger was added compared to the control treatment, and globulin values decreased in treatment 2 (6% ginger). There were also no significant differences in the total protein standard between the control treatment and the treatments to which ginger was added, except for the treatment which had an 8% level of ginger. The level of glucose also decreased significantly in blood of fish fed on ginger compared to the control treatment. while the values of cholesterol and triglycerides varied for the ginger treatments compared to the control treatment. Also the values of Aspartate Transaminase enzyme (AST) decreased in the treatments to which ginger was added compared to the fish fed on the control diet and Alanine Transaminase enzyme (ALT) values also decreased in all treatments that had ginger added to it compared to the control except for the fourth treatment (10% ginger), which was higher than the rest of the treatments. Feeding fish diets containing ginger lowered hemoglobin in the blood.

The effect of adding local myrtle leaves powder and industrial antioxidant Butylated Hydroxy Toluene to laying hens feeding on some biochemical characteristics and special enzymes against oxidative stress in laying hens blood

This experiment conducted in the poultry field "Al Sayada" affiliated to the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture in the University of Kirkuk for the period 20/2/2022 to 12/6/2022 for 112 days (16 weeks), 200 laying hens, type "LOHMANN BROWN", at the age of 54 weeks, were randomly distributed to 10 nutritional treatments, with 5 replications for each treatment, and one repetition included 4 birds . The treatments were represented as follows: first treatment: control(without any adds), second treatment: first treatment + 1.0% myrtle leaves powder, third treatment: first treatment + 2.0% myrtle leaves powder, fourth treatment: first treatment + 0.05% Butylated hydroxytoluene, fifth treatment: The second transaction +0.05% Butylated hydroxytoluene, the sixth transaction: the third transaction +0.05% Butylated hydroxytoluene. It is clear from the statistical analysis of the study that there is a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the levels of cholesterol, total protein and globulin for the addition treatments compared with the control treatment (without any addition) and an improvement in the levels of glucose, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and albumin, as well as an improvement in the antioxidants Malondialdehyde and Glutathione In blood serum, it can be concluded that the addition of local myrtle leaves powder at rates of 1% and 2% with (BHT) at 0.05% enhanced the improvement of biochemical properties and antioxidant enzymes in serum of laying hens.

Impact of dietary vitamin (E) and Eruca sativa seeds powder on broiler productivity, health, carcass characteristics, and meat quality

This investigation examined the impact of nutritional vitamin E (VE) and Eruca sativa seeds powder (ESSP) on broilers’ performance, physiological, and meat quality. A total of 350 two-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks were allocated into five dietary treatments as follows: control (fed a basic diet), VE treatment (fed a basic diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg diet), the third, fourth, and fifth treatments were fed a basic diet supplied by different levels of ESSP (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg diet). Outcomes showed that chicks of VE treatment or ESSP (0.2 g/kg) significantly improved vital body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Additionally, relevant dressing and hind parts of the carcass for birds of VE treatment or ESSP at different levels were significantly increased. The results showed a significant improvement in meat quality traits. Moreover, ESSP (0.1 and 0.2 g/kg) groups represented a significant decrease in the total bacterial count and E. coli compared with other groups. In conclusion, ESSP positively affected broiler performance, hematological, and immunological indices, carcass characteristics, intestinal bacterial count, meat quality, and cooking properties of the resulting meat, especially at the level of (0.2 g/kg).

Comparative study of the effect of adding different levels of Chenopodium quinoa seed powder to the diet and vitamin C to drinking water on some biochemical traits of blood serum to broilers Ross 308

This experiment was conducted in the poultry" field "of the" Department of "Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University for" the period "1/10"/2021 until 4/11/2021. The study aimed to add different levels of Chenopodium quinoa seed "powder to the diet and" vitamin C "to" the "drinking water" to know "the" best levels of quinoa seed powder to the diet that can be used in poultry diets. "In the experiment, 225 unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308") were used, distributed randomly to 15 (cages) with 5 experimental treatments for "each treatment" of "45 birds, and each treatment" included "three replicates" for "each replicate of 15 birds. The "experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment: control treatment" (basic diet "free of" any addition, whether in feed or drinking water). The second treatment: add 12 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed; the third treatment: add 14 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed; the fourth treatment: add 16 g of quinoa seeds/kg of feed; the fifth treatment: add 300 mg of vitamin C/liter of drinking water. The results of the experiment showed a significantly excelled (P≤0.05) for the "third, fourth, and fifth treatments" in total protein "concentration compared to the first treatment" (control). As for "the concentration of" albumin and globulin, no significant differences were recorded among all treatments. "As for the concentration of" cholesterol and low-"density lipoproteins, the second, third," fourth, and fifth "treatments" showed "a significant decrease (P≤0.05") compared to "the" first treatment (control) "and a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the concentration" of high-density lipoproteins Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa seed, vitamin C, biochemical traits, broilers Ross 308

Thermal preconditioning can reduce the incidence of intraoperatively acquired pressure injuries

Intraoperatively acquired pressure injuries (IAPIs) occur frequently among patients who undergo surgical procedures that last longer than 3 h. Several studies indicated that heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in the protection of stress-induced damages in skin tissues. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential preventive effect of thermal preconditioning (TPC) on IAPIs in surgical patients and rats and to identify the differentially expressed HSP genes in response to the above treatment. TPC was performed on one group of hairless rats before the model of pressure injuries was established. Subsequently, the size of skin lesions was measured and the expression levels of mRNA and protein of HSPs of the pressured skin were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. For human studies, 118 surgical patients were randomly divided into the TPC group (n = 59) and the control group (n = 59), respectively. The temperature and pressure of sacral skin, as well as the incidence of pressure injury (PI) were detected and compared. In animal studies, TPC significantly reduced both the size and incidence of PI in rats on the second, third and fourth days post treatment. In addition, the expression levels of both mRNA and protein of HSP27 were increased in the TPC group, compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that HSP27 was distributed in various types of dermal cells and increased in basal cells. In human studies, a significant reduction (75%) of IAPIs was observed among the patients in the TPC group. TPC can reduce the incidence of PI in rats and humans, and the upregulation of HSP27 may play an important role in this biological progress. Further studies are warranted to explore the molecular mechanism of the preventive effect in PI mediated by HSP27.

TRLS-08. EXPERIENCE WITH THE SELECTIVE FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR INHIBITOR ERDAFITINIB IN THREE PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CNS TUMORS

Abstract Activation of FGF signaling has been described for at least 3% of pediatric solid tumors including pediatric gliomas. Therapeutic actionability of FGF signaling activations, however, remains challenging. Here, we report on three patients with FGFR activation treated with erdafitinib, originally approved for the treatment of FGFR3 or FGFR2 mutated urothelial carcinoma. Our patients were treated for posterior fossa group A ependymoma (patient (Pat) 1&amp;2) and glioma NOS °II-III (Pat3). Dose of erdafitinib at initiation of therapy was 5,2mg/kg/d; 3,8mg/kg/d and 2,8mg/kg/d for Pat1-3 respectively. Rationale for treatment with erdafitinib was increased FGFR3 expression in tumor tissue (TT) of Pat1, increased FGFR1 expression in TT of Pat2, and in Pat3 an activating FGFR1 internal tandem duplication (ITD). Both ependymoma patients received erdafitinib as a fourth line treatment and progressed rapidly under therapy. Treatment was discontinued after 2 weeks (Pat2) and 3 months (Pat1) due to progressive disease. Pat3, with the FGFR1 ITD, responded very well to therapy with a decrease in tumor size and reduced contrast-enhancement after 3&amp;6 months. Therapy was discontinued after six months due to dystrophic nail changes. During treatment, our patients reported on diarrhea, abdominal pain, pain in the lower extremities, dysgeusia, hypersensitivity of the oral mucosa, dry skin and dystrophic nail changes. Additionally, we observed a distinct increase in longitudinal growth (Pat1&amp;3), increased serum phosphate levels, LFPs, alpha-amylase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and LDH. Summing up, treatment with erdafitinib has high potential for a selected cohort of pediatric CNS tumor patients, as demonstrated by the treatment response of Pat3 with the FGFR1 IDT. However, further defining the exact molecular alterations that predict the individual patient’s response as well as side effects in the pediatric population are imperative to elucidate the further role of erdafitinib in treatment of pediatric CNS tumors.

ID: 221667 Lessons in BROADEN and Since BROADEN: The Long and Winding Path to FDA Breakthrough Designation

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is characterized by a failure to achieve remission or respond to multiple antidepressant trials of adequate dose and duration in the current episode. Up to a third of patients with Major Depressive Disorder fail to achieve remission after four established treatments, denoting TRD. After each sequential treatment, there is a decreased probability of achieving remission, with a relapse rate of 83% after the fourth treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been explored clinically using various targets, although several large randomized controlled trials did not show a difference between stimulation and sham control. BROADEN, the pivotal RCT investigating subcallosal cingulate (SCC) DBS for TRD, was halted early after 6-months by the sponsor due low likelihood of success. However, long-term follow-up (LTFU) data revealed continued, sustained improvement in depressive symptom severity, prompting a further look into the possibility of DBS as a therapeutic option for TRD.

D-dimer as a predictive biomarker of response to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

e13000 Background: Tumor-induced coagulation is considerably observed in cancer patients. Moreover, it is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis, by creating a proliferative and proangiogenic microenvironment. Therefore, D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, correlates with tumor prognosis in several cancer types. This study aims to investigate whether D-dimer levels can be a predictive and monitoring indicator for chemotherapy response in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Methods: This study included two groups, 76 patients diagnosed with metastatic breast carcinoma, and 25 with early breast carcinoma as a control group. Plasma D-dimer levels were measured prospectively before chemotherapy initiation, and after the fourth treatment cycle in MBC patients. The levels of D-dimer before chemotherapy (D0) were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the optimal cutoff baseline values of D0, and to evaluate their discriminatory abilities in predicting response to chemotherapy. Results: In the preliminary response evaluation, the mean level of D-dimer significantly decreased by 2.74 μg/ml in patients with partial response, and by 2.17 μg/ml in patients with stable disease. In the progression disease group, a considerable increase was seen in D-dimer levels by 2.16 μg/ml. Analysis of ROC curves showed that D-dimer levels at D0 could discriminate the response to chemotherapy, whereas the progressive disease rate correlated with higher levels of D-dimer (&gt;1.055 μg/ml; P= 0.000). Conclusions: D-dimer level in plasma is a useful predictive and monitoring marker of response to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.

Embryo Development and Chick Performance of Local Chicken Following In-Ovo Injection of L-Arginine Into Local Chicken Eggs

This study aims to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of L-arginine into local chicken eggs on embryo development and chick performance of local chicken. A total of 160 eggs were incubated using semi-automatic incubator with temperature of 37-38C and relative humidity of 55-65%. The injected L-arginine solution has a concentration of 0.5% (m/v). In treatment was divided into 4 groups, the first treatment was without injection (control), the second treatment was the injection of 0.2 mL L-arginine solution 0.5% (m/v)/egg, the third treatment was the injection of 0.4 mL L-arginine solution. 0.5% (m/v)/egg, and fourth treatment was the injection of L-arginine solution 0.6 mL 0.5%(m/v)/egg. The results showed that embryo mortality and hatchability were lower with L-arginine injection treatment than without injection. All treatments showed no effect on extraembryonic fluid absorption, but there was an increase in embryo weight in the injection treatment 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mL L-Arginine 0.5% /eggs 2,355 g, 2,577 g, 2,705, respectively. In conclusion, an in-ovo injection of L-arginine in local chicken eggs has a good effect (the beneficial effect) on embryo death and embryo performance. Injection of 0.4 ml L-Arginine 0.5% /eggs improved hatchability and Newly Hatched Chick Weight (NHCW).

A Retrospective Real-Life Multicenter Study on Concurrent Oral Preventive Treatments in Patients with Chronic Migraine Treated with OnabotulinumtoxinA.

OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNTA) is a relatively safe and effective treatment for chronic migraine. The local mode of action of BoNTA favors the combination of oral treatments with systemic action. However, little is known about the possible interactions with other preventive treatments. The objective of the study was to describe the use of oral preventive treatments in patients with chronic migraine treated with BoNTA in routine clinical care and discuss the tolerability and efficacy according to the presence or absence of concomitant oral treatments. In this multicenter, observational, retrospective, cohort study, we collected data from patients with chronic migraine receiving prophylactic treatment with BoNTA. Patients were eligible if aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with chronic migraine according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition criteria, and treated with BoNTA according to the PREEMPT paradigm. We documented the proportion of patients with at least one concomitant treatment prescribed specifically for migraine (CT+M) and their side effects during four BoNTA treatment cycles. Additionally, we collected monthly headache days and monthly acute medication days from the patients' headache diaries. Patients with CT+M were compared to those without concomitant treatment (CT-) using a nonparametric approach. Our cohort included 181 patients taking BoNTA, of whom 77 (42.5%) received a CT+M. The most frequently prescribed concomitant treatments were antidepressants and antihypertensive drugs. Side effects in the CT+M group occurred in 14 patients (18.2%). Only in three of them (3.9%), the side effects had a significant interference with the patient's functioning (all in topiramate 200-mg/day users). Both CT+M and CT- groups had a significant reduction in monthly headache days of respectively -6 (95% confidence interval -9, -3; p < 0.001; w = 0.200) during cycle 4 compared with baseline versus -9 (95% confidence interval -13, -6; p < 0.001; w = 0.469). However, the reduction in monthly headache days was significantly smaller in patients with CT+M after the fourth treatment cycle compared with patients with CT- (p = 0.004). Prescription of oralconcomitant preventive treatment is common in patients with chronic migraine receiving BoNTA. We did not identify any unexpected safety or tolerability issues in patients receiving BoNTA and a CT+M. However, patients with a CT+M experienced a smaller reduction in monthly headache days when compared with those with CT-, which might be associated with a higher resistance to treatment in that subgroup of patients.