Four-fermion Interaction Research Articles

Fine splitting in the charmonium spectrum with a channel coupling effect

We study the fine splitting in the charmomium spectrum in the quark model with the channel coupling effect, including DD, DD*, D*D* and DsDs, DsDs*, Ds*Ds* channels. The interaction for channel coupling is constructed from the current-current Lagrangian related to the color confinement and the one- gluon exchange potentials. By adopting the massive gluon propagator from the lattice calculation in the nonperturbative region, the coupling interaction is further simplified to four-fermion interaction. The numerical calculation still prefers the assignment 1++ of X(3872).

Thermodynamics of quark quasiparticle ensemble

The features of the hot and dense gas of quarks, which are considered as the quasiparticles of the model Hamiltonian with a four-fermion interaction, are studied. Being adapted to the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, this approach allows us to accommodate a phase transition similar to the nuclear liquid-gas one at the proper scale and to argue the existence of the mixed (inhomogeneous) phase of vacuum and normal baryonic matter as a plausible scenario of chiral symmetry (partial) restoration. Analyzing the transition layer between two phases, we estimate the surface tension coefficient and speculate on the possible existence of a quark droplet.

Mirror & hidden sector dark matter in the light of new CoGeNT data

The CoGeNT Collaboration has recently made available new data collected over a period of 15 months. In addition to more accurately measuring the spectrum of nuclear recoil candidate events they have announced evidence for an annual modulation signal. We examine the implications of these new results within the context of mirror/hidden sector dark matter models. We find that the new CoGeNT data can be explained within this framework with parameter space consistent with the DAMA annual modulation signal, and the null results of the other experiments. We also point out that the CoGeNT spectrum at low energies is observed to obey dR/dER∝1/ER2 which suggests that dark matter interacts via Rutherford scattering rather than the more commonly assumed contact (four-fermion) interaction.

Interweaving chiral spirals

We elaborate how to construct interweaving chiral spirals in (2+1) dimensions, defined as a superposition of chiral spirals oriented in different directions. We divide a two-dimensional Fermi sea into distinct wedges, characterized by the opening angle 2Theta and depth Q ~ pF, where pF is the Fermi momentum. In each wedge, the energy is lowered by forming a single chiral spiral. The optimal values for Theta and Q are chosen by balancing this gain in energy versus the cost of deforming the Fermi surface (which dominates at large Theta) and patch-patch interactions (dominant at small Theta). Using a non-local four-Fermi interaction model, we estimate the gain and cost in energy by expanding in terms of 1/Nc (where Nc is the number of colors), lqcd/Q, and Theta. Due to a form factor in our non-local model, at small 1/Nc the mass gap (chiral condensate) is large, and the interaction among quarks and the condensate local in momentum space. Consequently, interactions between different patches are localized near their boundaries, and it is simple to embed many chiral spirals. We identify the dominant and subdominant terms at high density and categorize formulate an expansion in terms of lqcd/Q or Theta. The kinetic term in the transverse directions is subdominant, so that techniques from (1+1)-dimensional systems can be utilized. To leading order in 1/Nc and lqcd/Q, the total gain in energy is ~ pF lqcd^2 with Theta ~ (lqcd/pF)^{3/5}. Since Theta decreases with increasing pF, there should be phase transitions associated with the change in the wedge number. We also argue the effects of subdominant terms at lower density where the large-Nc approximation is more reliable.

Perturbative quantum gravity with the Immirzi parameter

We study perturbative quantum gravity in the first-order tetrad formalism. The lowest order action corresponds to Einstein-Cartan plus a parity-odd term, and is known in the literature as the Holst action. The coupling constant of the parity-odd term can be identified with the Immirzi parameter of loop quantum gravity. We compute the quantum effective action in the one-loop expansion. As in the metric second-order formulation, we find that in the case of pure gravity the theory is on-shell finite, and the running of Newton's constant and the Immirzi parameter is inessential. In the presence of fermions, the situation changes in two fundamental aspects. First, non-renormalizable logarithmic divergences appear, as usual. Second, the Immirzi parameter becomes a priori observable, and we find that it is renormalized by a four-fermion interaction generated by radiative corrections. We compute its beta function and discuss possible implications. The sign of the beta function depends on whether the Immirzi parameter is larger or smaller than one in absolute value, and the values plus or minus one are UV fixed-points (we work in Euclidean signature). Finally, we find that the Holst action is stable with respect to radiative corrections in the case of minimal coupling, up to higher order non-renormalizable interactions.

Field theory for a fermionic ladder with generic intrachain interactions

An effective low energy field theory is developed for a system of two chains. The main novelty of the approach is that it allows to treat generic intrachain repulsive interactions of arbitrary strength. The chains are coupled by a direct tunneling and four-fermion interactions. At low energies the individual chains are described as Luttinger liquids with an arbitrary ratio of spin $v_s$ and charge $v_c$ velocities. A judicious choice of the basis for the decoupled chains greatly simplifies the description and allows one to separate high and low energy degrees of freedom. In a direct analogy to the bulk cuprates the resulting effective field theory distinguishes between three qualitatively different regimes: (i) small doping ($v_c << v_s$), (ii) optimal doping ($v_s \approx v_c$) and (iii) large doping ($v_s << v_c$). I discuss the excitation spectrum and derive expressions for the electron spectral function which turns out to be highly incoherent. The degree of incoherence increases when one considers an array of ladders (stripe phase).

Competition between excitonic gap generation and disorder scattering in graphene

We study the disorder effect on the excitonic gap generation caused by strong Coulomb interaction in graphene. By solving the self-consistently coupled equations of dynamical fermion gap m and disorder scattering rate Γ, we have found a critical line on the plane of interaction strength λ and disorder strength g. The phase diagram is divided into two regions: in the region with large λ and small g, m≠0 and Γ=0; in the other region, m=0 and Γ≠0 for nonzero g. In particular, there is no coexistence of finite fermion gap and finite scattering rate. These results imply a strong competition between excitonic gap generation and disorder scattering. This conclusion does not change when an additional contact four-fermion interaction is included. For sufficiently large λ, the growing disorder may drive a quantum phase transition from an excitonic insulator to a metal.

Search for single top quark production via contact interactions at LEP2

Single top quark production via four-fermion contact interactions associated to flavour-changing neutral currents was searched for in data taken by the DELPHI detector at LEP2. The data were accumulated at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 189 to 209 GeV, with an integrated luminosity of 598.1 pb^-1. No evidence for a signal was found. Limits on the energy scale Lambda, were set for scalar-, vector- and tensor-like coupling scenarios.

Cosmological constant from quarks and torsion

AbstractWe present a simple and natural way to derive the observed small, positive cosmological constant from the gravitational interaction of condensing fermions. In the Riemann‐Cartan spacetime, torsion gives rise to the axial–axial vector four‐fermion interaction term in the Dirac Lagrangian for spinor fields. We show that this nonlinear term acts like a cosmological constant if these fields have a nonzero vacuum expectation value. For quark fields in QCD, such a torsion‐induced cosmological constant is positive and its energy scale is only about 8 times larger than the observed value. Adding leptons to this picture could lower this scale to the observed value.

Finite-size effects on the phase diagram of difermion condensates in two-dimensional four-fermion interaction models

We investigate finite-size effects on the phase structure of chiral and difermion condensates at finite temperature and density in the framework of the two-dimensional large-$N$ Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We take into account size-dependent effects by making use of $zeta$-function and compactification methods. The thermodynamic potential and the gap equations for the chiral and difermion condensed phases are then derived in the mean-field approximation. Size-dependent critical lines separating the different phases are obtained considering anti-periodic boundary conditions for the spatial coordinate.

Model independent analysis of the forward–backward asymmetry for the B→K 1 μ + μ − decay

The sensitivity of the zero position of the forward–backward asymmetry $\mathcal{A}_{\mathit{FB}}$ for the exclusive $B\rightarrow K_{1}(1270)\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay is examined by using most general non-standard four-fermion interactions. Our analysis shows that the zero position of the forward–backward asymmetry is very sensitive to the sign and size of the Wilson coefficients corresponding to the new vector type interactions, which are the counter partners of the usual Standard Model operators but have opposite chirality. In addition to these, the other significant effect comes from the interference of scalar–pseudoscalar and tensor type operators. These results will not only enhance our theoretical understanding of the axial vector mesons but will also serve as a good tool to look for physics beyond the SM.

Conformal window of gauge theories with four-fermion interactions and ideal walking technicolor

We investigate the effects of four-fermion interactions on the phase diagram of strongly interacting theories for any representation as function of the number of colors and flavors. We show that the conformal window, for any representation, shrinks with respect to the case in which the four-fermion interactions are neglected. The anomalous dimension of the mass increases beyond the unity value at the lower boundary of the new conformal window. We plot the new phase diagram which can be used, together with the information about the anomalous dimension, to propose ideal models of walking technicolor. We discover that when the extended technicolor sector, responsible for giving masses to the standard model fermions, is sufficiently strongly coupled the technicolor theory, in isolation, must have an infrared fixed point for the full model to be phenomenologically viable. Using the new phase diagram we show that the simplest one family and minimal walking technicolor models are the archetypes of models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Our predictions can be verified via first principle lattice simulations.

Chiral symmetry breaking and monopole dynamics in noncompactQED3coupled to a four-Fermi interaction

We present results from the first lattice simulations of three dimensional non-compact quantum electrodynamics (QED3) with N_f four-component fermion flavors coupled to a weak Z(2) chirally invariant four-fermi interaction. Results with $N_f \ge 4$ show that the scaling near the strong coupling chiral transition or sharp crossover is determined by the 3d Gross Neveu ultraviolet-stable renormalization group fixed point. Small deviations of the N_f=4 critical exponents from the respective Gross Neveu ones, hint at evidence for non-zero fermion mass generated by the gauge fields dynamics that might have been enhanced by the four-fermi coupling. It is also shown that the scaling region is suppressed at weak four-fermi couplings and large N_f values. Measurements of i) a monopole susceptibility which is the polarizability of the monopole configurations, and ii) the density of isolated monopoles, imply that for $N_f \ge 1$ and weak gauge couplings the monopoles do not affect the theory's confining properties, because they are shielded.

Some special features in the filling of the Fermi sphere with quark quasiparticles

The filling of the Fermi sphere with quarks treated as quasiparticles of the model Hamiltonian for four-fermion interaction is studied.

Non-standard interactions versus non-unitary lepton flavor mixing at a neutrino factory

The impact of heavy mediators on neutrino oscillations is typically described by non-standard four-fermion interactions (NSIs) or non-unitarity (NU). We focus on leptonic dimension-six effective operators which do not produce charged lepton flavor violation. These operators lead to particular correlations among neutrino production, propagation, and detection non-standard effects. We point out that these NSIs and NU phenomenologically lead, in fact, to very similar effects for a neutrino factory, for completely different fundamental reasons. We discuss how the parameters and probabilities are related in this case, and compare the sensitivities. We demonstrate that the NSIs and NU can, in principle, be distinguished for large enough effects at the example of non-standard effects in the $\mu$-$\tau$-sector, which basically corresponds to differentiating between scalars and fermions as heavy mediators as leading order effect. However, we find that a near detector at superbeams could provide very synergistic information, since the correlation between source and matter NSIs is broken for hadronic neutrino production, while NU is a fundamental effect present at any experiment.

Gap generation and semimetal-insulator phase transition in graphene

The gap generation is studied in suspended clean graphene in the continuum model for quasiparticles with the Coulomb interaction. We solve the gap equation with the dynamical polarization function and show that, comparing to the case of the static polarization function, the critical coupling constant lowers to the value \alpha_c=0.92, which is close to that obtained in lattice Monte Carlo simulations. It is argued that additional short-range four-fermion interactions should be included in the continuum model to account for the lattice simulation results. We obtain the critical line in the plane of electromagnetic and four-fermion coupling constants and find a second order phase transition separating zero gap and gapped phases with critical exponents close to those found in lattice calculations.

Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model for adjoint fermions with periodic boundary conditions

Recent work on QCD-like theories has shown that the addition of adjoint fermions obeying periodic boundary conditions to gauge theories on ${R}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{1}$ can lead to a restoration of center symmetry and confinement for sufficiently small circumference $L$ of ${S}^{1}$. At small $L$, perturbation theory may be used reliably to compute the effective potential for the Polyakov loop $P$ in the compact direction. Periodic adjoint fermions act in opposition to the gauge fields, which by themselves would lead to a deconfined phase at small $L$. In order for the fermionic effects to dominate gauge field effects in the effective potential, the fermion mass must be sufficiently small. This indicates that chiral symmetry breaking effects are potentially important. We develop a Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model which combines the known perturbative behavior of adjoint QCD models at small $L$ with chiral symmetry breaking effects to produce an effective potential for the Polyakov loop $P$ and the chiral order parameter $\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}\ensuremath{\psi}$. A rich phase structure emerges from the effective potential. Our results are consistent with the recent lattice simulations of Cossu and D'Elia, which found no evidence for a direct connection between the small-$L$ and large-$L$ confining regions. Nevertheless, the two confined regions are connected indirectly if an extended field theory model with an irrelevant four-fermion interaction is considered. Thus the small-$L$ and large-$L$ regions are part of a single confined phase.

Phase transition and critical behavior ofd=3chiral fermion models with left-right asymmetry

We investigate the critical behavior of three-dimensional relativistic fermion models with a U(N_L)_L x U(1)_R chiral symmetry reminiscent of the Higgs-Yukawa sector of the standard model of particle physics. We classify all possible four-fermion interaction terms and the corresponding discrete symmetries. For sufficiently strong correlations in a scalar parity-conserving channel, the system can undergo a second-order phase transition to a chiral-symmetry broken phase which is a 3d analog of the electroweak phase transition. We determine the critical behavior of this phase transition in terms of the critical exponent $\nu$ and the fermion and scalar anomalous dimensions for N_L >= 1. Our models define new universality classes that can serve as prototypes for studies of strongly correlated chiral fermions.

Meson correlation functions for a model with nonlocal four-fermion interaction

We study meson correlation functions for several models with a four-fermion quark interaction. We show that although the system average energy and quark condensate, as previously noted, are singular, the meson observables are finite, completely recognizable, and comparable to the experimental data on the energy scale. This permits using a wide set of Hamiltonians to model nonequilibrium states of quark and hadronic systems, which is a relevant problem in studying the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We obtain analytic expressions for the meson correlation functions in the Keldysh model.

The electromagnetic response of a fermion system at zero temperature

An investigation is shown whether the Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect exists in a gas of spin 1/2 fermions in which an attraction (denoted by W) between particles having the same momenta and opposite spins as well as a BCS type four-fermion interaction between pairs are present in a system. The former potential is equivalent to the effective kinetic energy of free fermion pairs. The latter interaction (denoted by V 4 ) is responsible for the presence of fermion quadruples in the system. The Meissner effect proves to be weaker than in BCS theory, implying a larger penetration depth λ of the external magnetic field in the regime of the weak attraction W; however, this effect turns out to exist even when the gap parameter of quadruples vanishes. In this regime the strength of the Meissner effect is the same as in the BCS case.