Foundations Of Policy Research Articles

Beyond Bias: Aggregate Approaches to Conflicts of Interest Research and Policy in Biomedical Research.

Considerable efforts have been devoted to addressing the problem of conflicts of interest (COI) in health research, policy, education, and practice. An overwhelming body of evidence demonstrates that conflicts associate with deleterious outcomes for the biomedical research enterprise. Nevertheless, little has changed for research, specifically, since the Institute of Medicine's landmark Conflicts of Interest in Medical Research, Practice, and Education was published over a decade ago. In this article, we draw on interdisciplinary research on manufactured controversies in science-policy deliberation to argue that the development of meaningful COI policy has been stymied through argumentative "wedges" designed to delay consensus and policy formation. Argumentative wedges disrupt policy formation by mischaracterizing the evidence base, continuously redefining the terms of the debate and/or recommending overly narrow criteria for who should be allowed to participate in policy deliberation. In this article, we argue researchers and policymakers interested in better addressing the harmful effects of COI can improve their efforts through strategic efforts designed to disrupt the wedges of manufactured controversy. Additionally, we argue that efforts to address COI can be further enhanced through embracing a broader framework for COI inquiry. Specifically, we argue that aggregate approaches to COI can help to disrupt these wedges and provide a strong foundation for future policy.

ЭМИГРАЦИОННЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ УЧАЩЕЙСЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЁЖИ (по материалам социологического исследования)

The article analyzes the emigration attitudes and factors of emigration behavior of students in the Russian Federation identified through an Internet survey. Based on the data obtained, hypotheses about the dominant economic causes of youth migration from the Russian Federation and the relevance of the problem of obtaining high-quality and affordable higher education among the young population were confirmed. The authors conclude that it is necessary to make additions to the Foundations of the state youth policy of the Russian Federation aimed at the strategic resolution of the identified problems and meeting the modern needs of Russian youth.

Theoretical Foundations for the Formation of Regional Economic Policy in Domestic and Foreign Practice

Relevance. This article examines the theoretical foundations of the formation and development, as an independent discipline, of regional economic policy in the works of domestic and foreign practitioners who studied such aspects as economic geography, theories of interregional development and regulatory mechanisms. The author analyzes the ongoing regional economic policy during the Soviet period and identifies its positive and negative aspects. The theoretical basis of economic policies implemented in the regions turns out to be an indispensable source of information for researchers and politicians who not only seek to understand the characteristics of the economic situation in certain regions, but also to develop effective measures for their comprehensive development.The purpose is to analyze domestic and foreign works in the field of regional economics, determine their significance for modern research, as well as identify factors influencing the development of economic indicators of the regions. Objectives: to reveal the essence of regional economic policy, to determine the degree of knowledge of regional economic policy in the works of domestic and foreign practitioners at the present stage and in past centuries.Methodology. This work uses the method of theoretical analysis of the sources of the problem under study, the method of historical and logical analysis and assessment of the current situation. Results: the main goals of regional economic policy are formulated; the theoretical foundations of regional economic policy have been identified; the contribution of domestic and foreign scientists to the development of the regional economy was considered; an analysis of the periods in which research took place in the field of territorial and economic processes in Soviet practice was carried out; the key issues on which research in the field of regional economics in the USSR focused were identified; the author's positive aspects of regional economic policy during the Soviet period are presented; It has been determined that the concept of industrial policy is the theoretical basis of the regional economy.Conclusions. Regional economics as a scientific discipline has made a huge contribution to the economic policy pursued in the regions, which has made it possible to increase the socio-economic indicators of the development of these territories.

Human Resource Management Strategy in Permanent Nurseries in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (Case Study in Six Permanent Nursery Locations of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, West Java Province)

The main focus in evaluation is aspects such as policy foundations, program support, implementation processes, and success of HR programs

Environmental information provision in the mechanism of environmental and information policy of Ukraine

The article analyzes the concepts of information society, environmental information provision, information policy, environmental policy, establishes the importance of environmental information provision in implementing environmental and information safety measures, determines the place and role of environmental information provision in the mechanism of environmental and information policy of Ukraine.
 The development of a high-quality information society is impossible without appropriate legal regulators and should not happen by itself, without state support. At the same time, the formation of a conscious information society is the key to the functioning of a democratic state and its institutions. Also, the developed institute of environmental information provision is the basis of not only environmental, but also informational, and therefore national security.
 In the conditions of growing environmental problems and challenges, which have significantly worsened as a result of the war, it is important to understand the value for citizens of the right to environmental information, its role in guaranteeing environmental safety in the country and the potential of its provision for the further development of the state in any spheres.
 Environmental information provision is a category that can be used not only in environmental, but also in informational and other legal relations. Moreover, the peculiarities of its legal regime are determined by the norms of constitutional, international, informational, administrative, civil law and are regulated in detail by environmental legislation.
 However, despite the fact that the regulation of environmental and informational relations is carried out by the norms of various branches of law and is one of the basic foundations of both environmental and informational policy of Ukraine, it is necessary to distinguish their essence and substantive meaning in the context of certain measures.
 The article concludes that within the framework of environmental policy, environmental information provision is an element of the legal mechanism (tool) for the implementation of this policy. Whereas within the framework of information policy, it is a type of information, access to which is guaranteed by the state, that is, rather, the object to which such a policy is directed.

Виды ценностных конфликтов при смене парадигмы государственной политики и управления

The purpose of the article is to study the types of value conflicts during the period of political transformation of the modern Russian state. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 809 dated 11/19/2022 "On Approval of the Foundations of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian spiritual and Moral Values" defines a priority direction for the development of public administration, which should be based on traditional values. At the same time, the transition from the existing situation to the new one will inevitably lead to a clash of liberal and neoliberal ideas with national values and traditional ideas. The author consistently studies the processes of changing the value paradigm in political and managerial decisions of the previous and modern era, namely the period from the collapse of the USSR in 1991 to the present. There is a tendency to repeat the value conflict of the early 90s in the Russian Federation, when socialist values in public administration were replaced by liberal values, and part of society was not ready for such a development. The hypothesis of this study is to search for the possibility of avoiding a value conflict similar to the conflicts of previous historical eras when carrying out evolutionary changes in public policy and management in the Russian Federation in the near future. Institutional and neo-institutional approaches are used, which are associated with value-rational and goal-oriented approaches in public administration. The SWOT analysis methodology is used to determine systemic changes in public administration. The theoretical and practical significance of the work lies in expanding knowledge about the role of values in the field of public policy and management and in solving the applied task of introducing traditional national values into political and managerial decisions, outlined in the decree of the President of the Russian Federation. The conclusions are the value aspect is a basis and root cause of the political process. The results include the characteristic of the Russian society from the value relation view and the description of the core trend of the public administration development in modern Russia.

Comment: A reexamination of , bed-scale impact and recovery of a commercially important intertidal seaweed

Johnston et al., 2023 (Bed-scale impact and recovery of a commercially important intertidal seaweed. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 561) report that rockweed biomass recovers to pre-harvest levels one year after commercial harvest. The Johnston et al. study has two major problems in design, execution, and interpretation of results: 1) industry partner conflict of interest and statistically undetectable impact of the harvest treatment on Ascophyllum nodosum (rockweed) beds, 2) incomplete statistical analysis with inappropriate inferential conclusions about biomass recovery of harvested rockweed beds. Our analysis of their data shows that the only regions of the coast where rockweed biomass recovered to pre-harvest levels are the three regions where the harvest treatment was never detectable. In the one region where the harvest treatment was detectable, rockweed biomass did not recover to pre-harvest levels in a year. Rockweed is a foundational species in the rocky intertidal food web as well as an ecosystem engineer. The improper interpretation by Johnston, et al. of the study data is misleading ecosystem managers and the public about the impacts of commercial rockweed harvests. Most concerning, this paper sets a false foundation for marine policy on commercial rockweed harvesting in Maine.

What determines participation in sport for older adults in England: A multilevel analysis of Active Lives data.

Physical inactivity within an ageing population is an ongoing public health concern for policymakers. Engagement in sport forms a foundation of policy designed to encourage physical activity participation and improve health and wellbeing. This study aimed to (i) understand the extent to which older adults participate in sport and the (ii) correlates that predict this involvement within an English population sample of older adults. A further aim was (iii) to examine the extent in which sports participation may vary due to the opportunity provided across Active Partnerships in England. To address this, a multi-level analysis framed through COM-B was conducted of the 2021 English Active Lives dataset (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic). The Active Lives survey provides population-level insight into sport, exercise, and physical activity participation across England. It samples upwards of n = 180,000 participants beyond the age of 16 years and asks questions on factors that influence participation. Our findings drawn from a sample of n = 68,808 older adults (i.e., >60-years of age) indicate that when accounting for variation across regions sports participation was significantly predicted by age (β = -.246, p = .040) and multiple deprivation (β = .706, p = .030). Further, our analysis suggests sports participation across regions is associated with changes in the perceptions of opportunity to participate (β = -28.70, p = .001). As the UK transitions from the COVID-19 pandemic, findings have implications for the promotion of sports participation for older adults, in that local, regional, and national stakeholders must do more to change perceptions of social and physical opportunity within an ageing population. This may be achieved through adaptations to the recreational sporting landscape, raising awareness, and supportive policy changes on a national level.

Sport Safety Policies for People with Disabilities : A Comparative Study of New Zealand, the USA, and the UK

PURPOSE By comparing and analyzing the sport safety policies in New Zealand, the USA, and the UK, this study sought to propose sport safety policies for people with disabilities in Korea.METHODS This study utilized a comparative research design in three steps. Policy documents were collected from the websites of institutions that directly or indirectly influence the sports safety policies for people with disabilities in each country, as well as academic articles from both domestic and international research databases.RESULTS The data analysis revealed each country’s legal basis, operating entities, and delivery systems.CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, the following implications for the development of sports safety policies for people with disabilities are presented. First, the current legislation system that serves as a foundation for the sports safety policy should be strengthened. Second, a cooperative system should be established among various operating entities related to sports for people with disabilities. Third, the delivery system of sports safety policies for people with disabilities needs to be diversified. To sustain the growing participation of such individuals in sports, developing sports safety policies and guidelines specific to people with disabilities at the national level is essential.

Education policy implemented by China to advance "Belt and Road" initiative in Kazakhstan

Relevance. The relevance of this study lies in the significant role that China's "Belt and Road" initiative plays in promoting international educational exchanges, especially with Kazakhstan. Purpose. The study aims to analyse China's education policy development in Kazakhstan under the "Belt and Road" initiative, focusing on the background, influencing factors, implementation measures, and future trends, to provide insights for educational practice in both China and Kazakhstan. Methodology. The research employs a comprehensive review of policy documents, agreements, and implementation measures related to China's "Belt and Road" educational initiatives. It uses qualitative analysis to extract insights from these sources. Results. The results highlight the establishment of a "Belt and Road" educational community, the signing of educational cooperation agreements with 24 countries, and the launch of educational programs in 23 countries. Notably, 60 Chinese colleges and universities have initiated overseas education programs, and 16 have established international cooperation laboratories. Conclusions. The study concludes that the "Belt and Road" initiative has effectively fostered educational cooperation and integration. This initiative enhances higher education's role in economic, social, and cultural exchanges between China and countries along the route, particularly Kazakhstan. The findings offer a foundation for future educational policies and practices to further strengthen these international collaborations. Keywords: "Belt and Road"; China; Kazakhstan; education policy

Implications of remote work in post-pandemic times: a gender risk profile in Colombian workers

PurposeRemote work has been intensifying in organizations, and the recent pandemic forced an immediate increase in it, ignoring its effect on the family. The purpose of this study was to analyze the work and personal-family life balance of Colombian workers during the lockdown and the effects on post-pandemic times.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative correlational study with a non-probabilistic sample of 1,069 participants: 349 (32.64%) men and 720 (67.35%) women.FindingsA total of 44.8% of the participants reported that their work interfered with their personal life; 61.6% reported that their work exceeded their habitual time; 72.2% felt comfortable with the remote work; and women perceived more affectation, as did participants with children. No interaction was present between these variables. There are more interruptions for workers with children younger than 12 years.Practical implicationsThere is satisfaction with remote work. However, there are difficulties regarding work-personal life balance that must be addressed to improve quality of life, with an emphasis on women and workers with children, especially younger children.Social implicationsThis study provides empirical evidence for the foundation of public and organizational policies aimed at managing remote work and the work-personal life balance to reduce the risk of loss of female labor force and effects on the quality of life of workers.Originality/valueStudies on the work-personal life balance with Latin American samples are scarce. This research contributes to the literature about satisfaction with working from home modality and the work-personal life balance during COVID-19 confinement, with a look at the differences by gender and the evaluation of the family conditions of Colombian workers, contributing to a regional perspective.

БЮДЖЕТНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ГОСУДАРСТВА: ПОНЯТИЕ, ФУНКЦИИ, ЦЕЛИ, ПРИНЦИПЫ

This article discusses the theoretical foundations of the state's budget policy. The concept of budget policy, its economic essence, and functions are presented. The goals and principles of the state's budget policy are also being considered.

Russian Federation Cultural Policy as a Counterweight to Posthumanism Influence

This article provides axiological foundations in response to the destructive influence of posthumanistic ideas. The author presents the key provisions of posthumanistic consciousness: freedom without foundations, man as part of a common ecosystem (the gap between the concepts of "man” and "humanity”) and the absence of the category of truth, leading to a "distributed identity” of a person (unstable and ambiguous). The paradigm of posthumanism refers to Western culture, in geopolitical realities, seeking to defend positions of governance (a reference to a unipolar world order). The study examines the foundations of the cultural policy of the Russian Federation to represent a different type of thinking: the attempt at unification is opposed by cultural diversity, and ambiguity is opposed by core spiritual and moral values.

GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT FOR ADDRESSING THE INTERSECTION OF EDUCATION, LABOR MARKET MISMATCH, AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR: ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES AND IMPLICATIONS

Several expected results from government expenditure, education, and labour market regulations are revealed when one examines the complex interaction between education, labour market mismatch, and criminal behaviour. Government spending on education is projected to increase graduation rates and student performance, among other observable advantages. The likelihood of a mismatch between job capabilities and market demand may be decreased as a result of a more trained workforce. Investments in employment agencies and job placement services may also help job seekers find positions that fit their qualifications, enhancing job satisfaction and lowering instances of labour market mismatch. Additionally, government initiatives to lessen income disparity through progressive taxation and social safety nets may improve economic stability, so averting the economic unrest that is frequently associated with criminal activity. Initiatives for preventing crime, such as counselling, assistance with finding a job, and skill-building programmes, may provide those who may otherwise turn to crime out of job dissatisfaction an alternative route to success and a decrease in criminal activity. Investments in mental health services and addiction treatment programmes are anticipated to enhance mental health and decrease substance misuse, two factors linked to criminal behaviour. By providing prisoners with the knowledge and skills they need for successful work after release, education programmes within correctional facilities are expected to lessen recidivism rates. Last but not least, government-funded research initiatives may give light on the viability of various strategies, providing a foundation for evidence-based policies that concentrate on tackling the complex problems at the confluence of education, labour markets, and criminal behaviour. Although these anticipated results present a bright image, it is important to recognize that outcomes may differ depending on implementation strategies, local socioeconomic situations, and community demographics. To effectively handle the numerous difficulties within this sector, ongoing assessment and policy improvement are essential.

The impact of financial policy on the gross domestic product in lraq for the period (2004-2020)

Financial policy has an important and effective role in organizing economic activity and other activities through the use of means and tools to reach the set goals. We see that financial policy in most Arab countries, especially in Iraq, has been characterized by an absence of oversight and a lack of commitment to implementing the foundations of correct and purposeful financial policy due primarily to financial and administrative corruption on the one hand and the absence of legal and supervisory regulation on the other hand. Fiscal policy indicators were estimated standardly to determine their impact on the GDP at current prices and using several statistical tests. From these tests, it became clear that the public revenue variable is the most important variable in influencing the GDP, as we will show in this research. This research concluded with conclusions and recommendations that diagnose deficiencies and develop the necessary solutions for them.

Islamic Law in the Rule of Sadd Adz-Dzari'ah on the Transfer of Agricultural Land Function to Housing in Grobogan

This research provides an in-depth exploration of Islamic legal aspects related to the conversion of agricultural land into residential areas, with a focus on the principle of Sadd Adz-Dzari'ah. This principle serves as the primary foundation for the research, playing a crucial role in regulating the land transformation process and establishing legal boundaries that must be adhered to. Through a case study conducted in the Grobogan Regency, this research aims to evaluate the application of the Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah principle in the context of agricultural land conversion. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and document analysis. The collected data is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify patterns and key themes related to the implementation of the Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah principle in land conversion. The main objectives of this study include gaining a profound understanding of the principle, evaluating its implementation in the conversion of agricultural land to residential areas in Grobogan Regency, analyzing the social, economic, and environmental impacts of the land-use changes, and presenting policy recommendations to enhance justice and sustainability, considering Islamic values. The research found that Islam with its sadd adz-dzariyat concept does not prohibit the conversion of agricultural land into housing as long as it provides maslahat for the community and is carried out based on existing statutory provisions and instead encourages the utilization of agricultural land for various purposes so that the land is not neglected and eventually dies without being utilized. Thus, this research is expected to significantly contribute to understanding the relevance and implementation of the Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah principle in the context of changing land use in rural communities. It also aims to provide a foundation for better policies aligned with Islamic values.

The Foreign Policy Foundations of Trumpism

The election of President Donald J. Trump in 2016 introduced a new foreign policy, one that holds certain aspects of traditional schools of thought in international relations but is unique in that it does not prescribe to any one theory or academic framework. It does, however, contain foundational pillars that are essential to understand the cause and effect of President Trump’s foreign policy. Through careful review of President Trump’s prepared foreign policy speeches and interviews with Trump administration officials, this article argues that a return to nation-state sovereignty and burden sharing are the most important pillars of President Trump’s foreign policy, known as America First or “Trumpism.”

The impact of Euro 4 automobile emission regulations on the development of technological capabilities in ASEAN countries

This research evaluates strategies aimed at lowering automobile emissions in the automobile industries of 4 ASEAN countries- Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, with an emphasis on the Philippines’s implementation of Euro 4 gas emission standards. Regulations based on vehicle technology are critical in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, restrictions vary based on each country's level of economic development, policy, and technological foundation. Using the example of Euro 4 car emission rules, this research studied the implementation process and strategies of each ASEAN nation. It then examines the responsibilities of the government, foreign automakers, and local suppliers in the Philippines. The findings indicate that the strategies of car manufacturers have had a favorable influence on the technological capabilities of local suppliers.

URBAN LIVEABILITY AND CEO TURNOVER: EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE FIRMS

Using data from 2,744 listed non-financial firms located in 273 Chinese cities and municipalities during the period spanning 2003 to 2017, this paper examines the impact of changes in urban liveability on the voluntary turnover of CEOs. Employing the panel probit methodology, we find that enhancements in urban liveability result in a reduction in CEO turnover. Moreover, such enhancements also serve to partially mitigate the performance sensitivity of CEO turnover. In a disaggregated analysis, we find that improvements in urban liveability likewise decrease the likelihood of CEO turnover for foreign-owned firms, companies facing stronger external rivals, and those lacking government industrial policy support. Our work extends existing literature on the factors influencing CEO turnover within the framework of incomplete contract theory. Additionally, this paper offers a policy foundation for urban planners to effectively decrease the CEO turnover rate by enhancing urban liveability.

Institutional investor behaviour and the energy transition: A complexity framework for accelerating sustainable finance from UK investors

Despite sustainable investment flows having increased significantly over the past decade for transforming the current energy system, a large investment gap remains. This research explores the complex links between institutional investors' expectations on the speed of the energy transition and their sustainability-related investment behaviours. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with institutional investors, we construct a complex system model using a causal mapping approach, illustrating complex relationships within the sustainable investment system. Our contribution involves the development of multi-layer cognitive maps for different types of institutional investors, followed by a composite causal map that dissects key investment behaviours and investor expectations. Results reveal interlinked concepts influencing investment behaviour and highlight feedback loops with potential amplifying effects on investor expectations and investment behaviour. Two critical feedback loops emerge: 1) the interplay between political and financial support for the energy transition and the associated cost, and 2) the intricate relationship between sustainability factors and asset valuation. Addressing these interconnected issues simultaneously and monitor negative feedback loops that may curtail sustainable finance flows are vital. The results reveal heterogeneities amongst institutional investors such as fiduciary duties, stranded assets, the importance of fossil fuels in the energy system. In sum, our insights provide a foundation for holistic energy policies and a reference system for evaluating policies aimed at accelerating green finance.