Building Foundations Research Articles

Integration of Business Unit Financial Reporting Systems in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes)

BUMDes is a village government-owned business institution established in an effort to strengthen the village economy, based on the needs and potential of the village concerned. In its operations, BUMDes can have various business units with autonomous management in one business entity. Each business unit makes its own financial report according to the type of business it runs. The resulting financial report will be submitted to the head office for merger and consolidation. Although each business unit has a different type of business, the process and provisions for preparing financial reports in each business unit are the same, because they are regulated in government regulations. The only differences are related to operational reporting and components/account names in the financial report. To improve the ease of preparation and accountability of its financial reports, the existence of an integrated accounting information system is a must. As an initial step, a design process is carried out which will be used as the basis or technical reference for the development process. The design process is carried out with an object-oriented approach, with the results in the form of classes/components and interactions between them which are the foundation of the system building. This will facilitate the development process and this integrated system can then be built/developed in stages according to the development/addition of business units from BUMDes.

Practitioner perspectives on nature-based learning for autistic children

Despite the documented benefits of nature-based learning (NBL), research around the use of NBL with autistic children from a strengths-based perspective remains sparse. To understand how practitioners perceive the experience of engaging in NBL with autistic children, we interviewed 14 practitioners from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Using reflexive thematic analysis and framed through the neurodiversity paradigm, we developed three themes: ecology of affordances, practitioners undertake complex roles, and trust as a foundational building block. These themes emphasize the active role practitioners play in affirming and supporting autistic children in their NBL and play. Our analysis also acknowledges the challenges experienced by both practitioners and learners, suggesting that NBL will not be the right fit for all autistic children.

The Persistence of Hydrogen Bonds in Pyrimidinones: From Solution to Crystal.

Pyrimidinone scaffolds are present in a wide array of molecules with synthetic and pharmacological utility. The inherent properties of these compounds may be attributed to intermolecular interactions analogous to the interactions that molecules tend to establish with active sites. Pyrimidinones and their fused derivatives have garnered significant interest due to their structural features, which resemble nitrogenous bases, the foundational building blocks of DNA and RNA. Similarly, pyrimidinones are predisposed to forming N-H···O hydrogen bonds akin to nitrogenous bases. Given this context, this study explored the supramolecular features and the predisposition to form hydrogen bonds in a series of 18 substituted 4-(trihalomethyl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinones. The formation of hydrogen bonds was observed in solution via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments, and subsequently confirmed in the crystalline solid state. Hence, the 18 compounds were crystallized through crystallization assays by slow solvent evaporation, followed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The supramolecular cluster demarcation was employed to evaluate all intermolecular interactions, and all crystalline structures exhibited robust hydrogen bonds, with an average energy of approximately -21.64 kcal mol-1 (∼19% of the total stabilization energy of the supramolecular clusters), irrespective of the substituents at positions 4, 5, or 6 of the pyrimidinone core. To elucidate the nature of these hydrogen bonds, an analysis based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) revealed that the predominant intermolecular interactions are N-H···O (average of -16.55 kcal mol-1) and C-H···O (average of -6.48 kcal mol-1). Through proposing crystallization mechanisms based on molecular stabilization energy data and contact areas between molecules and employing the supramolecular cluster and retrocrystallization concepts, it was determined that altering the halogen (F/Cl) at position 4 of the pyrimidinone nucleus modifies the crystallization mechanism pathway. Notably, the hydrogen bonds present in the initial proposed steps were confirmed by 1H NMR experiments using concentration-dependent techniques.

Prospects for the use of Foam Glass Products in the Foundation of Buildings and Structures on Long Term Frozen Soils

The degradation of permafrost is the reason for the increase in deformability of the foundations of buildings and structures built on long term frozen soils. It is necessary to develop geotechnical solutions that guarantee their operational reliability in a warming climate. The introduction of foam glass for use in the cryolithozone as thermal insulation solutions making it possible to preserve the frozen state of the soils of the bases is relevant. This will make it possible to limit the use of materials with lower durability. The existing scope of application of foam glass in Russia and the prospects for the use of foam glass products in the permafrost zone are considered. The high prospects of using foam glass at the base of buildings and structures on permafrost soils are determined by its physico-mechanical and thermos-physical characteristics such as durability, low water absorption and environmental safety. These properties of foam glass make it a promising material for use in the long term frozen soils zone. The main advantages of foam glass in comparison with its analogues are also low sorption capacity and capillary absorbency, high strength, fire resistance and resistance against aggressive media. In the production of foam glass for use in the cryolithozone, it is possible to use alternative local sources of raw materials: aluminosilicate and siliceous rocks. This will reduce the cost of the material, make it more affordable and increase sales volumes.

A survey of detecting leaf diseases using machine learning and deep learning in various crops

<p><span lang="EN-US">For agricultural productivity and food security to be guaranteed, early detection and treatment of illnesses are crucial. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches can be used to precisely and successfully identify plant leaf diseases. A heterogeneous dataset comprising photos of both healthy and diseased leaves such as bacterial blights, fungal infections, and viral manifestations provides the foundation for the model building and training. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are the measures used to assess the model's performance. ML techniques are helpful in the identification and extraction of pertinent information from plant leaf pictures, whereas DL techniques in general, and convolutional neural networks (CNN), in particular, are remarkable at learning complex hierarchical representations. Therefore, DL architectures like CNN are utilized in conjunction with ML approaches like support vector machines (SVM), decision trees, and random forests to extract complicated patterns and attributes from leaf pictures. This research provides an extensive analysis of the performance and application of DL and ML approaches recently applied to the early identification of leaf diseases in different crops.</span></p>

Study of the influence of spatial effects on the ground surface and buildings in a two-lane tunnel boring

There are a series of engineering risks, such as ground subsidence, building tilt and cracking, in the process of shield tunnel driving through buildings, which have many adverse effects on urban residents and engineers. In particular, the differences in the effects of the interaction of two-lane tunnels on the building structure and ground deformation field are less often considered under different spatial effects such as construction sequences and tunnel spacings. As well as the problem of analyzing the building as a whole out of reality. To solve these problems, the spatial effect of the shield tunnel underpassing the shallow foundation building is simulated by Plaxis3D software to study the sensitivity analysis of surface settlement and the internal forces and deformation law of the building above in the process of tunneling underpassing with different depths of burial H and horizontal distance D of the double line tunnel. The engineering impact zoning method can investigate the safety of tunnels and buildings under different spatial effects when tunnels pass through buildings. The splitting of the building into plates and columns can reveal the forces and deformation laws of different structural parts. The results show that during the construction process of the double-line tunnel, the tunnel constructed first has a “blocking effect” on the tunnel constructed later, which affects the distribution of the disturbance area to a certain extent and changes the curve shape of the settlement trough. When the “blocking effect” occurs, the surface settlement and building deformation will be significantly reduced. In the internal forces of the building, the plate structure is mainly subjected to changes in axial forces, while the column structure is mainly affected by shear forces and bending moments. The factor of safety of tunnels decreases as the tunnel spacing decreases and as the building loads above increase.

Challenges and Transformations: Building Teacher Professionalism in the Digital Era for Superior Education

Education is the pillar and foundation of nation building and in the digital era that must develop rapidly, technology integration is a must. In an era filled with advanes in digital technology, new challenges have emerged in the world of education, especially in building professionalism for educators. This research aims to identify challenges and transformation efforts in building the professionalism of geography teachers in the digital era in the five best schools in Gorontalo City. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method with 10 geography teachers from each school. Data will be collected through learning observations, interviews with geography teachers, and document analysis. Teaching patterns, important findings, and emerging trends in the digital era related to challenges and changes in building the professionalism of geography teachers in the digital era will be analyzed thematically. The results show that despite significant challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure and resistance to change, teachers are actively trying to integrate digital technology in learning. This transformation is seen in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital project-based learning that have improved student engagement and learning effectiveness. These findings highlight the importance of institutional support and continuous professional development to strengthen teacher professionalism in the digital era.

Manajemen Waktu Pada Pekerjaan Mechanical Electrical Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Yayasan Pelita Ilmu Insani

The success or failure of a project can be influenced by the lack of planning of project activities, and the supervision carried out is ineffective and has an impact on the project running inefficiently. Then, it will result in delays and a decrease in the quality of work and have an impact on swelling the project budget. Project management is needed in order to manage projects starting from implementation to the end of a project. This research uses a case study on the Pelita Ilmu Insani Foundation Building Construction Project, especially on Mechanical Electrical work. This building is located on Jl. Rawa Kuda, Kp. Rawa Kuda RT/RW 004/002 Karangharum, Kedungwaringin District, Bekasi Regency, West Java 17540. The S curve is used to find out how long a project takes to complete and shows the progress of the project from the start of construction work to its completion. The aim of this research is to determine time efficiency in terms of the S Curve graph. The results of the time management analysis using the S Curve on the graph showed that the realization of time delays was not in accordance with the plan.

Evaluation Method of the Impact of Twin Shield Tunneling Construction on Elevated Bridges: Case Study

In urban metro construction, shield tunneling often needs to pass through building and bridge pile foundations, potentially affecting the stability of existing structures. Therefore, accurately assessing the impact of shield tunneling on bridges and buildings is crucial. This study presents a comprehensive prediction method combining numerical simulation and empirical formulas, taking the underpass project of the Shijiazhuang–Wuhan High-Speed Railway Bridge by Zhengzhou Metro Line 5 as a case study. Three-dimensional numerical model calculations were performed using finite element software to analyze the displacement and stress changes of buildings and tunnel structures at different construction stages, revealing the deformation patterns of buildings adjacent to the tunnel during shield tunneling. In particular, the ground settlement caused by twin-tunnel excavation was compared with Peck’s empirical formula to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results show that twin-tunnel excavation exacerbates the horizontal displacement, uplift, and settlement of the ground, with maximum deformation rates increasing by 7.10%, 20%, and 11.4%, respectively. Comparing the ground deformation results of Peck’s empirical formulas with numerical calculations revealed similar trends in the settlement curves, with a maximum deviation of 6.67%. It can be concluded that using Peck’s empirical formula to calculate ground deformation characteristics complements the limitations of numerical simulations, making the assessment results more reliable. The findings of this study demonstrate that integrating numerical simulation with empirical formulas significantly enhances the reliability of deformation predictions in complex tunneling scenarios. This research not only offers a comprehensive safety assessment method for shield tunneling construction but also provides valuable guidance for the design and construction of similar projects, serving as a theoretical reference for future engineering endeavors.

BuildAMol: a versatile Python toolkit for fragment-based molecular design

In recent years computational methods for molecular modeling have become a prime focus of computational biology and cheminformatics. Many dedicated systems exist for modeling specific classes of molecules such as proteins or small drug-like ligands. These are often heavily tailored toward the automated generation of molecular structures based on some meta-input by the user and are not intended for expert-driven structure assembly. Dedicated manual or semi-automated assembly software tools exist for a variety of molecule classes but are limited in the scope of structures they can produce. In this work we present BuildAMol, a highly flexible and extendable, general-purpose fragment-based molecular assembly toolkit. Written in Python and featuring a well-documented, user-friendly API, BuildAMol empowers researchers with a framework for detailed manual or semi-automated construction of diverse molecular models. Unlike specialized software, BuildAMol caters to a broad range of applications. We demonstrate its versatility across various use cases, encompassing generating metal complexes or the modeling of dendrimers or integrated into a drug discovery pipeline. By providing a robust foundation for expert-driven model building, BuildAMol holds promise as a valuable tool for the continuous integration and advancement of powerful deep learning techniques.Scientific contributionBuildAMol introduces a cutting-edge framework for molecular modeling that seamlessly blends versatility with user-friendly accessibility. This innovative toolkit integrates modeling, modification, optimization, and visualization functions within a unified API, and facilitates collaboration with other cheminformatics libraries. BuildAMol, with its shallow learning curve, serves as a versatile tool for various molecular applications while also laying the groundwork for the development of specialized software tools, contributing to the progress of molecular research and innovation.

Analysis of the behavior of piled foundations in unconventional soil

Building foundations using pile groups generally assume that the piles absorb the entire load of the structure. However, it is known that pile caps rest not only on the piles but also on the surrounding soil. These foundations involve great complexity in the phenomenon of load sharing, especially when they are situated on unconventional soils, such as tropical climate soils. To study this behavior, static load tests were conducted on real foundations. These tests were also used to calibrate a three-dimensional finite element numerical model (FEA-3D) using Rocscience's RS3 software. The results showed that the settlement corresponding to the allowable load of the pile groups was significantly lower, ranging from 22 % to 73 %, compared to pile caps that exert contact pressure on the soil. For pile groups, the efficiency ranged between 92 % and 109 %, while for pile caps with contact, it ranged from 132 % to 178 %. In this sense, it becomes evident that estimating the settlement of the pile group based on the conventional design, which does not consider the contact between the cap and the soil, can significantly underestimate the settlement, and provide an overly optimistic analysis of the soil-structure interaction.

Illegal luxuritecture: How the super-rich in Hong Kong land grab and unlawfully expand their luxury living spaces

This article introduces the concept of ‘illegal luxuritecture’ – illegal luxury architecture – to capture the way a minority of super-rich expand their living environments without planning permissions, sometimes through land grabs of government land. Typically, illegal housing is associated with the urban poor, but it is argued that through elite capture, unauthorised building works (UBWs) have also been utilised by the super-rich. This article focusses on Hong Kong where a number of illegal luxuritectural structures came to light after September 2023 when the most severe rainstorm since records began in the 19th century caused the collapse of unauthorised building works. Illegal luxuritectural construction involves illegally altering building foundations and sometimes flood protection walls, causing destabilisation of soil and creating landslides. Although failure to comply with Building (Planning) Regulations and the Buildings Ordinance is a criminal offence which can result in fines or imprisonment, findings suggest that a minority of the elite class tends to ignore these regulations. This is because, the fines for unauthorised building works are relatively small in relation to the high value of the property or the rental income generated, and prison sentences are almost never imposed. This article contributes to the current academic discussions on the super-rich in general and the housing of the global super-rich in particular.

Effect of leachate on the geotechnical properties of soils at Gbagede Dumpsite Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria

The increasing request for space for private buildings was brought about by the utilization of the previous dumpsites. If the issue of leachate infiltration into the soil isn't legitimately controlled it'll lead to future harm in construction works. The objectives are to compare the geotechnical properties of soil of the contaminated and uncontaminated regions region of the dump site and evaluate if the effect of leachate on the geotechnical properties of soil changes with depth. Laboratory soil tests were conducted on the soil samples obtained and compared the effect of these leachates at the dump site. These methods are Natural water content, Bulk Density, Specific Gravity, Shear strength, and Consolidation tests. The soil samples were obtained from the contaminated region, and the uncontaminated region (i.e. at 100 m away from the dumpsite). All soil samples were obtained at depths 0.5m, 1.0m, and 1.5m below the ground level, to know the effect of leachate on the soil at the dumpsite and also to know if the effects of leachate changes with depth as it goes down the soil. The results obtained show that samples at 0.5m and 1m depth have been affected by leachates but the effects are not so significant at 1.5m depth, thereby making the soil at depths 0.5m and 1m unfit for construction purposes. This result was useful to check the land requirement in urban areas and guide the geotechnical engineers when designing and constructing foundations for buildings and other related structures on these types of soils.

Strength Properties Evaluation of Composite Blocks Incorporated With Acacia Nilotica Ash

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Owing to the order of the day, we are searching for an eco-friendly binding ingredient instead of cement, which is now universally used in concrete. Almost everyone extensively exploits construction materials due to their good durability and compressive characteristics. The present study examines the use of acacia nilotica ash as a cement substitute. It is known that acacia nilotica`s aggressive roots are extremely presumptuous and invasive and spoil the foundation of buildings. By gripping water from adjoining areas, they change soil nitrogen and are a major source of affecting plant growth. In this work, the M<sub>35</sub>-grade geocomposite was investigated by incorporating acacia nilotica ash at 0%, 2.5, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% for fly ash. Mechanical and durability studies were carried out by changing the magnitude of acacia nilotica ash and evaluating it with the standard composite samples.</span></span></span></p>

MosGraphGPT: a foundation model for multi-omic signaling graphs using generative AI.

Generative pretrained models represent a significant advancement in natural language processing and computer vision, which can generate coherent and contextually relevant content based on the pre-training on large general datasets and fine-tune for specific tasks. Building foundation models using large scale omic data is promising to decode and understand the complex signaling language patterns within cells. Different from existing foundation models of omic data, we build a foundation model, mosGraphGPT, for multi-omic signaling (mos) graphs, in which the multi-omic data was integrated and interpreted using a multi-level signaling graph. The model was pretrained using multi-omic data of cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and fine-turned for multi-omic data of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The experimental evaluation results showed that the model can not only improve the disease classification accuracy, but also is interpretable by uncovering disease targets and signaling interactions. And the model code are uploaded via GitHub with link: https://github.com/mosGraph/mosGraphGPT.

A hybrid methodology for the prediction of subway train-induced building vibrations based on the ground surface response

The numerical simulation and theoretical methods for the subway train-induced vibration of the shallow foundation buildings often suffer from high cost, unstable prediction accuracy, and lack of clarity of important parameters. Therefore, a hybrid prediction method based on the Z-vibration level at the ground surface was proposed to rapidly obtain the vibration characteristics of the shallow foundation building adjacent to the subway. The numerical simulation was first used to obtain the subway train-induced vibration of the shallow foundation building under different working conditions. Then, a hybrid model was established and retrained by combining the field measurement data of the soil and building vibration along the subway line. Finally, the prediction accuracy of the hybrid model with different numbers of measurement points as input layers was explored, and a case study was performed. The results show that the most noticeable effect on subway train-induced building vibration is the length of the building span among the shallow foundation building parameters. Three measurement points of the Z-vibration level at the ground surface are suggested as the training set data for the input layer of the hybrid model in consideration of computational efficiency and accuracy. The prediction accuracy of the hybrid model gradually increases as the number of data sets increases, and the fully trained hybrid model performs more stable across the frequency range compared to the traditional model, with the majority of its predictions in the 90% confidence interval, which provides the possibility of simplifying the analysis and fast prediction of subway train-induced building vibration.

Overview of SDN Building Foundations and Applications

Overview of SDN Building Foundations and Applications

Frontoparietal and salience network synchronizations during nonsymbolic magnitude processing predict brain age and mathematical performance in youth.

The development and refinement of functional brain circuits crucial to human cognition is a continuous process that spans from childhood to adulthood. Research increasingly focuses on mapping these evolving configurations, with the aim to identify markers for functional impairments and atypical development. Among human cognitive systems, nonsymbolic magnitude representations serve as a foundational building block for future success in mathematical learning and achievement for individuals. Using task-based frontoparietal (FPN) and salience network (SN) features during nonsymbolic magnitude processing alongside machine learning algorithms, we developed a framework to construct brain age prediction models for participants aged 7-30. Our study revealed differential developmental profiles in the synchronization within and between FPN and SN networks. Specifically, we observed a linear increase in FPN connectivity, concomitant with a decline in SN connectivity across the age span. A nonlinear U-shaped trajectory in the connectivity between the FPN and SN was discerned, revealing reduced FPN-SN synchronization among adolescents compared to both pediatric and adult cohorts. Leveraging the Gradient Boosting machine learning algorithm and nested fivefold stratified cross-validation with independent training datasets, we demonstrated that functional connectivity measures of the FPN and SN nodes predict chronological age, with a correlation coefficient of .727 and a mean absolute error of 2.944 between actual and predicted ages. Notably, connectivity within the FPN emerged as the most contributing feature for age prediction. Critically, a more matured brain age estimate is associated with better arithmetic performance. Our findings shed light on the intricate developmental changes occurring in the neural networks supporting magnitude representations. We emphasize brain age estimation as a potent tool for understanding cognitive development and its relationship to mathematical abilities across the critical developmental period of youth. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This study investigated the prolonged changes in the brain's architecture across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, with a focus on task-state frontoparietal and salience networks. Distinct developmental pathways were identified: frontoparietal synchronization strengthens consistently throughout development, while salience network connectivity diminishes with age. Furthermore, adolescents show a unique dip in connectivity between these networks. Leveraging advanced machine learning methods, we accurately predicted individuals' ages based on these brain circuits, with a more mature estimated brain age correlating with better math skills.

Substantiation of the Monitoring Network of Talik Zones in Urbanized Permafrost Areas Based on GPR Profiling Data (Anadyr, Chukotka)

Modern climatic changes have an impact on the bearing capacity of permafrost soils at the base of the foundations of buildings and structures in the urbanized territories of the Arctic and Subarctic. The activation of cryogenic processes leads to the destruction of infrastructure and to social, economic, and environmental consequences for the population. Based on the results for the geothermy of frozen and thawing soil, and on the georadar profiling of the city of Anadyr, it was concluded that the main risks of permafrost degradation are associated with the spread of hydrogenic melting zones. Maps of the soil temperature in imaginary cross-sections with depths of 3, 5, and 10 m were compiled, along with maps of the capacity of thawing soils, the permafrost aquifer, and the dangerous spread zones for exogenous cryogenic processes. The total area of talik zones with a depth of 6 m or more in the urban area was 2.34 km2, or 67% of the built-up area. The system of permafrost monitoring in the territory of Anadyr was substantiated, and is based on monitoring the boundaries of talik zones. It consists of an automated network of observations of the ground temperature in 35 wells at the boundary and in the center of 20 zones of the dangerous development of exogenous cryogenic processes, as well as 12 control GPR profiles at the intersection of linear hydrogenic taliks.

Vibration performance of isolated slab concepts in laboratory settings

The "isolated" or island foundation concept is commonly used at high-end imaging suites (SEM, TEM, SPM, NMR), with the goal of reducing vibration at sensitive instrumentation. The operating theory is that, by separating the foundation supporting the instrument from the rest of the building foundation, the transmission of vibrations from environmental, mechanical, and other local sources, will be reduced. But is this concept truly effective at reducing vibration transmission from all or any of these sources? And if so, are the benefits present over the entire frequency range of interest or only limited to a narrow range of frequencies? This paper discusses the vibration performance of the island foundation concept and presents field data collected in four different settings. Data from three national laboratories and a commercial science facility are used to illustrate the benefits and disadvantages of this concept, in both the vertical and horizontal directions, for environmental, mechanical, and other local sources.