Foundation Subject Research Articles

4-102 情報基礎科目へのグループコミュニケーションを活用した取り組みについて((06)工学教育の個性化・活性化-I,口頭発表論文)

4-102 情報基礎科目へのグループコミュニケーションを活用した取り組みについて((06)工学教育の個性化・活性化-I,口頭発表論文)

3D Analysis of an irregular– geometry foundation under the effects of an expansive soil

The expansive soil effect generates, first of all volumetric variation which causes changes in the soil\'s profile. The expansion pressure starts on the inside of the expansive soil mass as humidity increases, and, as a consequence, the tendency to increase its volume also increases. A 3-D analysis of an irregular-geometry plate foundation subject to expansive effects is presented. The analysis involves the soil\'s response and is represented by link bearings. The expansion effects are transmitted by the links to the foundation based on prescribed displacements with the shape of a paraboloid. The study herein developed considers the 3-D behavior of an irregular slab foundation; it focuses on the structural implications over the plate foundation due to expansive phenomenon. Commonly the solutions developed do not cover the 3-D implications of the whole phenomenon and the stiffness properties of an irregular plate foundation. The treatment covered in this study allows us to get more realistic results of the stress-strain state of plate foundations than the ones obtained through 2D models. The expansion effects generally have a random character because the place where they will occur cannot be certainly predicted, the proposed procedure It has the feasibility of rapidly studying cases of expansion occurring in the plate foundation, generating a versatile interaction with the user of the program developed for this purpose. Keywords: Expansive soil, Computer modeling, Finite element analysis, Winkler Model, Contact pressure

The fall and rise of home economics education: newly available home economics archives at The Women's Library*

AbstractThis paper highlights some of the archives held at The Women's Library relating to home economics. It concentrates on the archives of the Institute of Home Economics, its successor and predecessor. It considers strengths in the collections, in particular home economics education. Although the profession ultimately failed to secure home economics as a foundation subject in the National Curriculum in 1987, it appears that food education is more important than ever, especially when we are reminded about childhood obesity in the daily news. The paper concludes that formal home economics teaching did fulfil the vitally important function of teaching young people how to feed themselves properly, and that food does provide an important part of children's education.

3D Analysis of an Irregular-Geometry Foundation under the Effects of an Expansive Soil

The expansive soil effect generates, first of all volumetric variation which causes changes in the soil's profile. The expansion pressure starts on the inside of the expansive soil mass as humidity increases, and, as a consequence, the tendency to increase its volume also increases. A 3-D analysis of an irregular-geometry plate foundation subject to expansive effects is presented. The analysis involves the soil's response and is represented by link bearings. The expansion effects are transmitted by the links to the foundation based on prescribed displacements with the shape of a paraboloid. The study herein developed considers the 3-D behavior of an irregular slab foundation; it focuses on the structural implications over the plate foundation due to expansive phenomenon. Commonly the solutions developed do not cover the 3-D implications of the whole phenomenon and the stiffness properties of an irregular plate foundation. The treatment covered in this study allows us to get more realistic results of the stress-strain state of plate foundations than the ones obtained through 2D models. The expansion effects generally have a random character because the place where they will occur cannot be certainly predicted, the proposed procedure It has the feasibility of rapidly studying cases of expansion occurring in the plate foundation, generating a versatile interaction with the user of the program developed for this purpose.

Organallokation im internationalen Verbundsystem. Grenzen der Rezeption selbstregulatorischer Organisationsstrukturen im Transplantationswesen

<bold>Allocation of Organs in the International Compound System — Limits of the Acceptability of Self–regulatory Organisational Structures in the Transplantation Business</bold> The allocation of human organs is based on a dense network of cooperation schemes and diversified decision making processes. The concept of controlled self-regulation serves as dogmatic template. This concept tries to legitimise the involvement of numerous decision makers in the process of allocating organs. First and foremost, it is the involvement of Eurotransplant in the process of allocating organs that faces insurmountable obstacles from the point of view of institutional law. Assigning the decision on the allocation of human organs to a foundation subject to Dutch legislation is a practice devoid of any sufficient democratic basis of legitimation. Moreover, the content-related determinants of the decision on the allocation of human organs are not sufficiently predetermined by democratically legitimised decision makers, either. In particular, the legislative authority has not only missed out on influencing the commissioning of Eurotransplant as an agency according to § 12 TPG, there is also a lack of sufficient options of legal protection in the field of transplant medicine. Similar shortcomings can also be seen in the fact that the legal determination of the parameters of allocation is limited to only two criteria: prospect of success and urgency. Urgency aims at saving as many lives as possible. But this is not reconcilable with the aim of using the available organs most efficiently. Therefore the legislative authority is not only called upon to codify a valid foundation for the participation of Eurotransplant in the process of allocating organs, but also, first and foremost, to formulate the substantial determinants of the allocation of human organs.

Delamination of layered structures on elastic foundation

This study presents an interface fracture mechanics analysis of delamination of a layered beam resting on a Winkler elastic foundation subject to general mechanical loads. A crack tip element on elastic foundation model is established first, through which, two concentrated forces existing at the crack tip are determined in closed-form. Then total energy release rate of the crack can be expressed in term of these two forces. By using available numerical results in the literature, the phase angle of the total energy release rate is also obtained. To verify the validity and accuracy of the solutions, debonding of a bonded overlay from the base structure resting on a Winkler elastic foundation is analyzed using the present solution. Comparisons with the baseline results obtained by finite element analysis suggest that the present analytical solution provides an excellent estimation of the total energy release rate and its phase angle for interface cracks in layered structure on elastic foundation. This study provides an approximated analysis of the debonding of a thin overlay debonding from the concrete pavement, where the effect of the base structure is simplified by a Winkler elastic foundation. This solution can also be used to analyze other similar delamination problems, such as local delamination in laminated composites, and face sheet delimitation in sandwich beams.

Comparative analysis of performance of eighth graders from six African countries

School science and mathematics play a critical role in the development of scientists, engineers and technologists required for development. Although many African countries recognize this, the teaching and learning of science and mathematics have not received the necessary support and attention as foundational subjects in the school curriculum. In 2003, six African countries - Ghana Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Botswana and South Africa - participated in an international assessment programme in science and mathematics, called the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS-2003). The study examined the performance of eighth graders in mathematics and science as well as the contextual factors that could have influenced the performance. This paper draws on the results of the TIMSS-2003 which indicated that the African countries performed poorly. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of the eighth graders from the six African countries and discusses the contexts for learning science and mathematics that might have influenced the performance. Recommendations are made for African governments to pay attention to the teaching of science and mathematics in the primary and secondary schools. Keywords: international assessment, TIMSS, contexts for learning, school science and mathematics

The design of foundations for high-rise buildings

High-rise buildings are usually founded on some form of piled foundation subject to a combination of vertical, lateral and overturning forces. However, conventional methods for assessing stability may not be adequate when designing such foundations because they tend to focus on resistance under vertical loading. This paper sets out an ultimate-limit-state approach for computer-based design of pile foundation systems for high-rise buildings and provides an example application on a 151-storey tower in South Korea.

Self-excited oscillations of a string on an elastic foundation subject to a nonlinear feed-forward force

We investigate the self-excited oscillations of a string on an elastic foundation that is subject to a nonlinear feed-forward force. The feed-forward follows that of a model first proposed by Steele and Baker [1] for an active cochlear, and is due to the gain factor profile which depends on the string displacement. In order to determine the bifurcation structure induced by the nonlinear feed-forward mechanism, we formulate a taut string initial-boundary-value problem with periodic boundary conditions which is reduced to a finite order modal dynamical system. We employ an asymptotic multiple-scales method to obtain slowly varying evolution equations that enable an analytical derivation of the periodic system response and analysis of its orbital stability. The resulting bifurcation structure includes multiple regions of both stable and unstable coexisting periodic solutions defined by primary and secondary Hopf stability thresholds. Numerical verification of the bifurcation structure determines the accuracy of the analytically predicted periodic self-excited response and reveals the existence of quasiperiodic combination-tone solutions and complex nonstationary solutions that emerge in a range of the asymptotically predicted unstable solutions. This analysis enables construction of a comprehensive analytical bifurcation structure and may shed light on mechanisms governing complex multi-component spectra that have been documented for spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the mammalian inner ear.

Reflecting From the Margins of Education Faculties: Refiguring the Humanist, and Finding a Space for Story in History

Notwithstanding their traditional characterization as a foundations subject, history of education courses are marginal in pre-service teacher education. This marginalization is framed here in light of a broader concern for the discipline’s turn away from the humanities. History of education’s fundamental purpose, it is argued, lies in the exploration of what it means to be human, and how education has historically been shaped by our values, authority, contexts, and norms. Using stories drawn from literature and memoirs in the teaching of educational history is one means of exploring intersections of education with human cultures and societies across historical contexts. History is etymologically linked with story telling, and both history and literature share narrative features; the two should not be conflated, however, due to distinctive disciplinary features of history, such as the requirement that any claims to truth require what John Dewey referred to as warranted assertability.Keywords: history of education, teacher education,educational foundations, humanities, literature, historical mindedness, John Dewey.

Wireless sensor networks in knowledge management

Abstract Research in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) necessarily touches on many research topics of Computer Science, Electronic Engineering and Telecommunication, basing on the existing work in related fields. However, the peculiarity of the WSN field is the interplay and integration of these foundation subjects, yielding a distinct topic worthy of further study in its own right. One of the main open issues in WSN research is to abstract the applications of complex low-level mechanisms, and one of the most powerful and flexible ways to achieve this is creating a Middleware layer that cover all this functionality, provide services to applications, allows the intercommunication among components, adapts dynamically to different operation modes and clearly differentiated from low-level components. Knowledge management and ontologies are also helpful when WSN are used to monitoring and taking decisions. We deploy a WSN in a testing scenario in order to control environmental parameters according to user profile stored in the system.

Dr Olivier Coussy, Scientist and Engineer of the Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials (1953–2010)

Dr Olivier Coussy, Scientist and Engineer of the Mechanics and Physics of Porous Materials (1953–2010)

Great Expectations: The Growing Divide between Students and Social Work Educators

This article examines and reflects upon initial findings from a longitudinal study evaluating the experiences and views of students on professional social work programmes across four higher education institutes in the North West of England, on the BA and the MA routes. The paper focuses on one aspect of this study; the students' experience of assessment. In particular it examines how students experienced the process of learning, assessment, support and feedback, which was found to be in part shaped by previous educational experiences. The range of assessment methods previously experienced by students was diverse, some of which were more helpful than others in preparing them for their professional training. Lack of foundation subject knowledge presented a challenge to students on both courses, in particular for MA students who were being assessed at ‘M’ level. Unmet expectations of both the amount and type of support created anxiety, frustration and even anger for some. The ‘search for certainty’ led to anxiety amongst many first year students who believed that academics could facilitate the assessment process by providing ‘the answer’. This exploration of assessment reveals, we believe, a growing divide in the expectations of social work students and their educators.

Assessment for Learning

Can we apply the principles of APP and AfL to foundation subjects in the infant classroom?

Nuove politiche di appartenenza

- The two foundational subjects for membership in the modern nation-state, the citizen and the alien, are undergoing significant changes in the current period. The effect is a partial blurring of each the citizen subject and of the alien subject. I first outline these changes vis-ŕ-vis nationality and citizenship. Second, I dissect notions of membership in order to create a set of tools for incorporating the undocumented immigrant as well as the minoritized citizenship. In the third section, I examine some key features of Europe and its immigrations in order to extract these ambiguities in the politics of membership. Fourth, I situate these repositionings within contemporary immigration facts and politics.Keywords Citizenship, membership, minorities politics.

Learning about what constitutes effective training from a pilot programme to improve music education in primary schools

The new primary strategy in England has raised the profile of foundation subjects, including music, yet many primary school teachers lack skills and confidence in their ability to teach music. This research explores a year-long programme of training across 16 primary schools in England that sought to improve music education. The programme involved whole school in-service training, advisory teachers offering support within the classroom and further training for music co-ordinators. The implementation of the programme, the training received, lesson observations throughout the programme, difficulties arising and the longer term benefits were explored through questionnaires, interviews and school visits with participant teachers, and senior managers in the Local Authorities and schools. The findings indicated that the programme had been effective in improving teacher confidence, and musical understanding, and the quality of teaching. Factors contributing to the success of the programme and lessons for the development and implementation of future programmes were identified.

Steady-State Dynamic Response of a Bernoulli–Euler Beam on a Viscoelastic Foundation Subject to a Platoon of Moving Dynamic Loads

A Bernoulli–Euler beam resting on a viscoelastic foundation subject to a platoon of moving dynamic loads can be used as a physical model to describe railways and highways under traffic loading. Vertical displacement, vertical velocity, and vertical acceleration responses of the beam are initially obtained in the frequency domain and then represented as integrations of complex function in the space-time domain. A bifurcation is found in critical speed against resonance frequency. When the dimensionless frequency is high, there is a single critical speed that increases as the dimensionless frequency increases. When the dimensionless frequency is low, there are two critical speeds. One speed increases as the dimensionless frequency increases, while the other speed decreases as the dimensionless frequency decreases. Based on the fast Fourier transform, numerical methods are developed for efficient computation of dynamic response of the beam.

Internationalizing the curriculum: the implementation experience in a Faculty of Business and Economics

Curriculum internationalization is a strategy adopted by many universities as they prepare their graduates for employment in the global economy. This paper is a case study of the organizational change involved in one institution's (Monash University, Melbourne, Australia) attempts to implement curriculum internationalization in the foundation subjects in the six core business disciplines. The Faculty of Business and Economics at Monash, in encompassing five Australian and two offshore campuses and three families of degrees, presents both an opportunity and a challenge in implementing curricula change. The multicampus structure provides the opportunity, while the challenge is the number and geographic dispersion of the teaching staff, along with differing academic cultures. In this paper, we discuss organizational change as it accompanies the curriculum internationalization process, and the responses of the discipline‐based teams to the curriculum internationalization objective. We identify significant staff and faculty issues requiring consideration in the change that accompanies curriculum development, such as the powerful effect of the traditional notion of academic autonomy, and the need for continued resources to support the changes.

Educating Australian foresters for the 21st century

SUMMARY A review of forestry education based on literature and a survey of 186 foresters reveals the diversity of interests within the Australian forestry profession. The survey refl ects the utility of subjects such as silviculture, mensuration and forest management, and highlights the need to include subjects such as human resource management, business studies and communication skills in forestry programmes. Results also suggest that there is the need for more innovation in the teaching of foundation subjects such as chemistry. Important but unexpected fi ndings from the survey were the high proportion of respondents who stated that their bachelor studies provided their formative career preparation, and the acknowledgement of the role of vacation work experience in reinforcing formal academic study.

Three-dimensional analysis of the screening effectiveness of hollow pile barriers for foundation-induced vertical vibration

Abstract The study applies the three-dimensional boundary element method in frequency domain to investigate the screening effectiveness of circular piles in a row for a massless square foundation subject to harmonic vertical loading. Four types of piles were studied: steel pipe piles, concrete hollow piles, concrete solid piles and timber piles. A parametric study was undertaken to examine the effects of pile dimensions, operational frequency, and source distance on the screening effectiveness. The results showed that screening effectiveness of steel pipe piles is generally better than that of solid piles, and that a concrete hollow pile barrier can be ineffective due to its stiffness. The influence of pile length on screening effectiveness is more significant than that of pile spacing and the distance between the vibrating foundation and the pile barrier.