Foucault's Thinking Research Articles

Michel Foucault's Critical Discourse Analysis of Controversy News in Islamic Boarding Schools

This research aims to analyze the construction of power and knowledge within the polemics that occurred at Al-Zaytun Islamic Boarding Schools. The study adopts a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, utilizing the framework of Michel Foucault's thinking. The primary data source for this research consists of news coverage published by Kompas.com, a leading news website in Indonesia. The collected news articles underwent a rigorous qualitative analysis process guided by the principles of critical discourse analysis and Michel Foucault's framework. Research shows that differences in interpretation and understanding of religious teachings cause controversies in Islamic boarding schools. The construction of power and knowledge in Islamic boarding schools plays a vital role in shaping the views and actions of individuals and the wider community. Islamic boarding schools have authority in interpreting and teaching religious teachings to students, and this includes a hierarchical structure in leadership, decisions taken by kyai or caregivers, and control over the religious knowledge conveyed to students. This research provides a deeper understanding of power, knowledge, and resistance dynamics within the context of polemics. From Michel Foucault's perspective, critical discourse analysis offers a critical view of the relationship between power, knowledge, and discourse in society.

Territory, hydraulics, biopolitics: internal colonization through urban catchment management in Singapore

ABSTRACT On separating from Malaysia in 1965, the People's Action Party (PAP) sought to rapidly transform Singapore into a modern, industrialized nation-state. This was deemed essential if Singapore, a small island-nation, were to survive as an independent country. Nation-building would be reliant on territorial integration, entailing the industrialization and subordination of the rural periphery by a modernizing urban core, a process referred to as internal colonization. Territorial integration was critical in Singapore as the British had focused its efforts on the port city, leaving much of the island undeveloped. While there has been significant academic interest in both land and water scarcity in Singapore, rarely are they addressed together, which, as this paper argues, is necessary to understand the wider territorialization process. This paper reveals how the gradual expansion of catchment area into different regions of the island, through reservoir construction and anti-pollution measures, facilitated, legitimized and depoliticized the comprehensive restructuring of the domestic economy, urban renewal and gentrification, and resettlement of the population. The case is made for a political ecology of the state that historicizes and politicizes territory by revealing its forgotten, contested, physical geography. The importance of internal colonization to Michel Foucault's thinking on power is also underlined.

Analisis Teori Kekuasaan Michel Foucault atas Propaganda Media dalam Membangun Diskursus Politik

This paper aims to examine Foucault's perspective on power in the media as a political tool. The problem focuses on Foucault's thoughts on the relationship between power and knowledge. Power is often seen as a goal or a way of doing politics. With that power, the ruling party is able to control the knowledge system. The media is often a tool used by political rulers to create public opinion. If that opinion has been accepted by many people, then it can be said that the media succeed and the ruler is able to control many people. In order to approach the problem, Foucault's thoughts on the theory of power are used. Data on Foucault's thoughts are obtained from literature obtained through books and journals. Foucault's theory is then used to analyze the role of the media in people's lives, especially in the political field. This study concludes that the media also determines the political direction of certain communities. This political direction is determined by those who have power over the media. The media also has the power to create mass culture in ways that are considered reasonable. Politics as a discourse is used to control in the form of language spread by the media. In the end, knowledge is no longer neutral but has been controlled by the ruling parties.

GOVERNANDO OS CORPOS E EMPRESARIANDO A VIDA

This paper submitted to the Colloquium Humanarum Journal deals with the Project of Life, self-management and the culture of entrepreneurship. Our general objective is to analyze how the Project of Life – as a transversal curricular component – is associated with the culture of entrepreneurship. According to this culture, the Project of Life promises to develop the individuals in multiple dimensions, motivating them to solve problems and make decisions to achieve goals and accomplish professional fulfillment. When associated to the Project of Life, such culture imposes business devices – like competitiveness, performance and productivity – to the educational scope, submitting the training processes to a new governmentality. From that, we raise the following question: What have we made of ourselves under the control forms of life? We believe that the academic debate on the Project of Life is grounded in principles from the neoliberal market, prioritizing the formation of economically productive individuals, whose are, however, politically submissive and docile. Thus, we intend to discuss the role played by entrepreneurial pedagogical rationality in directing the forms of self-government. To develop our criticism, we adopt an analytical standpoint from Foucault's thoughts, which emerges as a theoretical framework capable of presenting the limits of neoliberal devices that place Education in the guidelines of productivity and effectiveness.

More than a Confessional Mo(ve)ment? #MeToo's Pedagogical Tensions

In this article, I explore the pedagogical function of #MeToo, highlighting what it might teach about gender-based mistreatment and mainstreamed feminism. I begin by reviewing linkages between adult education and social movements, then trace the development of #MeToo, drawing on both media and scholarly texts. Next, I apply the concepts of feminist snap and neoliberal feminism, layered on top of Foucault's thoughts on confession, to examine how #MeToo has been shaped by the newer phenomena of neoliberalism and social media, and the older phenomena of feminism and social inequities. The role of confession in social ideals of the feminine, feminist activism, and neoliberalism becomes a steady consideration. My analysis illuminates tensions in globalized feminist activism, and possibly other types of equity-seeking movements, and the adult learning and education that it fosters.

Relasi Kuasa Dokter Kepada Pasien di Klinik Kecantikan Naavagreen Natural Skincare Kotabaru Yogyakarta

Beautiful construction designed by various entities, including Naavagreen Natural Skincare Kotabaru, Yogyakarta. Naavagreen offers patients that is natural beauty, quality, cheap and reliable for all customers. This condition makes the public trust in Naavagreen skincare (Paransih, 2017). Naavagreen patients are willing to put aside their salary, time for treatment at Naavagreen, and even let their skin and face be treated by Naavagreen to get a beautiful concept as constructed by Naavagreen. Patient trust is based on Naavagreen designed like a legitimate hospital room, this condition further strengthens Naavagreen patients for treatment. The patient has entrusted his body to Naavagreen, this condition further strengthens that the patient's body is increasingly subdued through the beauty clinic. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. This research was conducted in May 2017. The research location was taken at the Naavagreen Natural Skincare Beauty Clinic in Kotabaru, Yogyakarta. There were four informants who were interviewed. The concept of analysis uses Michael Foucault's thinking about the birth of clinic as well as power and knowledge. The results of this study are that the power relationship between doctors and patients is dominated by doctors who have legitimacy in subduing the patient's body (skin and face) to follow the recommended treatment. Patients are dominated to follow it, even patients become a means of spreading power over the knowledge of Doctors and Naavagreen institutions (beauty specialists) about the beautiful concept offered by Naavagreen. Patients are disciplined by Doctors or Naavagreen. Naavagreen is able to differentiate between naturally beautiful, clean people from people who do not meet the criteria for beauty for Naavagreen. The beautiful construction of Naavagreen's version is getting more complete and more accommodating people's expectations about beauty that must be fulfilled by everyone.

Perception of family members and health professionals about institutional violence against hospitalized children.

To understand the perception of family members and health professionals about institutional violence against hospitalized children. Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, used approximations with Foucault's thinking, carried out in a pediatric unit of a large hospital in Salvador - Bahia. 10 mothers and 39 health professionals participated. Data collection took place between November/2018 and October/2019 through semi-structured interviews. Data content analysis was performed with the help of the NVIVO12 software. The study, approved by Ethics Committee, complied with resolution 466/2012. The Institutional Violence was understood by the participants evidenced in three categories: abusive care practices; problems in the relationships between professionals, child and family; precariousness of the hospital structure. The perception of family members and health professionals about the presence of Institutional Violence in children's hospital care demonstrates the need to establish actions in their confrontation to ensure the dignity of the child during hospitalization.

Gender in The Sustainable Development Goals in Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Post-Development-inspired thinking is rooted in a critical view of modernity from a Post-Modern perspective. This field is strongly influenced by the thoughts and works of Michel Foucault. Studies in this direction have been done to analyze the concept of development to reveal the role and function of power and knowledge in the discourse of development. This article explores the topic of Post-Development, which reveals the concept of Post-Development through a review of Foucault's thought and intellectual framework and some of the initial and incorrect interpretations left out in this regard. All these analyses are carried out under the three-layered theoretical framework of Fairclough and especially the third layer of this model, which considers explanation as to the ultimate goal of the study of discourse in relation to society in the field of critical speech analysis. Scattered and weak discussions around this axis are due to the misuse of Foucault's thoughts. Therefore, in this article, we seek to expose the post-Development discourse as much as possible by using Foucault's ideas about knowledge and power, which are the source of development.

Liberalismo, neoliberalismo e a genealogia dos regimes veridicionais em Michel Foucault

This paper aims to present the main ideas of Foucault presented in his course taught in 1979 at the Collège de France, entitled The birth of biopolitics. In second place, two antagonistic analyzes of two renowned intellectuals will be examined, namely, The last lesson of Foucault by Geoffroy de Lagasnerie and Y at-il one sujet biopolitique by Frédéric Gros. From here, it will be necessary to understand a number of concepts, such as Foucault's rejection of the universals, the genealogy of schemes of veridiction, the logic of strategy and the diagnosis of politics, so that we can understand how, from a single work, it is possible to elaborate two very different analyzes, with such incompatible conclusions. Finally, we seek to elucidate how an understanding of the work from a broader reading, makes it possible to solve the main conflicts brought by the authors. However, we will show that Gros's analysis is more consistent with Foucault's thinking.

The circulatory panopticon: Real names, rail infrastructure and Foucault's realist turn

This article examines the contemporary Chinese rail system as a circulatory panopticon: an apparatus that uses the “natural” movements of the population to render them legible and safe. The panoptic effect of rail space has emerged only recently. The Chinese state's introduction of the “real-name system” has made a state-legible identity an inextricable part of everyday life, and recent transformations in ticketing and station entry have placed it at the center of mobility practices as well. Synthesizing Foucault's apparatus of security with Karen Barad's realist conception of the apparatus, this article examines how the more-than-human elements of the rail system realize a panoptic assemblage out of the movements of passengers. Based on participant observation and interview data, this article examines three key elements of the rail system: the national identity card, the ticket, and the station entrance. Drawing on Barad's account of diffraction, I analyze how the particular material characteristics of these things both function to realize the circulatory panopticon and also to introduce novel discontinuities and fractures. This paper makes two contributions. First, it argues for a greater attention to the question of reality in Foucault's thinking: just as the art of government increasingly recognizes and calibrates itself against ‘reality,’ Foucault's analysis of governmentality becomes increasingly realist. Second, it shows how infrastructure is simultaneously a font of state power and a source of problems for the state—a contradiction deeply relevant in China today.

Close Reading Michel Foucault's and Yves Lacoste's Concepts of Space Through Spatial Metaphors

Based on a close reading of the interview that Michel Foucault gave <em>Hérodote</em>, the geography journal newly established and managed by Yves Lacoste in 1976, this article—through the study of spatial metaphors—unfolds the concepts and functions of space used by the philosopher and by geographers. The article proposes an archaeological approach—inspired by Foucault's thinking—in writing the history of the spatial turn and understanding the role played by geography and geographers in this "reassertion of space in critical social theory."

Governamentalidade e pilotagem na antiga Grécia: uma análise foucaultiana

A partir do pensamento de Foucault, este artigo pretende mostrar alguns pontos de intersecção, na antiga Grécia, entre a pilotagem, vinculada à metáfora navegação e a noção de governamentalidade. Passando pelo governo de si mesmo, pelo governo político e pela medicina, que são para o pensador francês, as três atividades que se aproximam da arte de comandar um navio, veremos como esta ocupou um espaço significativo na literatura e na vida social grega, com alcances e funções bem definidas. Com inteligência, destreza e, principalmente, sabendo reconhecer a direção dos ventos e a orientação que indicam os astros, o piloto é aquele que possui a tékhne capaz de conduzir a embarcação, que primeiramente é o próprio sujeito e depois que são os outros, até um porto seguro.

The practice of parresia by nurses in caring for women in situations of domestic violence

Objective: to identify the practice of parresia, by primary care nurses, in caring for women in situations of domestic violence. Method: qualitative, descriptive study. Data were collected between April and June 2018 through semi-structured interviews. They were inserted in the NVivo Software, treated in the light of Textual Discursive Analysis and based on Foucault's philosophical thinking. Results: four analytical categories were formed: the exercise of parresia in the face of occult violence, the exercise of parresia in the face of corporate violence, the exercise of parresia in the presence of the aggressor and the exercise of parresia and the interfering factors. Final considerations: primary care nurses, even with difficulties, exercise parresia in the care of women in situations of violence, speaking the truth of what is thought and known about this problem. The welcoming dialogue with women about the interfaces of violence, the sharing of clear and concise information about the support network are actions that characterize the exercise of parresia by nurses.

Effects of neoliberal rationality on Brazilian Public Health System recent policies and discourses

Abstract Background We analyzed the increasing penetration of neoliberal rationality in recent changes of Brazilian Public Health. We seek to observe if these different discourses and organizational changes represent a lack of accountability for public power and put in risk universal access through a paradoxical defense of equity principle. Methods We performed a discourse analysis of 8 technical documents published by the Ministry of Health from 2016 to 2019 as well as different 5 interviews made with and 6 articles signed by its minister and secretaries. This period comprehends an interim government formed after a controversial impeachment process and the new Ministry staff named after Bolsonaro's election. Results We studied different perspectives of neoliberalism that have been seeking for the last years to untangle the concept of neoliberalism. Inspired by Foucault's thoughts, neoliberalism is understood here beyond as a complex transformation of government paradigms that produces very narrow models of individual freedom and subjectivity and that considers private entrepreneurship as naturally superior to state actions commonly described as inefficient and costly. Often justified by a literature characterized as scientific, we understand that recent Brazilian Public Health formulations have been emphasizing equity to the detriment of universality and overestimating public-private partnerships and private management logic as positive solution for public policies and a prioritization of healthy lifestyle and risk management based on individual and moral autonomy over the role of the State of intervention on health social determinants. Conclusions Recent public speeches and technical documents of Public Health in Brazil at the federal level have been influenced by a neoliberal rationality. These changes require more accurate methods to unravel neoliberalism meanings and practices and preserve hard-won social rights during the re-democratization of Brazil. Key messages Neoliberal rationality of recent Brazilian Public Health discourses represents a lack of accountability for public power and a risk to health universal access. These changes require more accurate methods to unravel neoliberalism meanings and practices and preserve hard-won social rights of our public health system during the re-democratization of Brazil.

Festhalten am Menschen: Jean Amérys Kritik an Michel Foucault

The Austrian writer Jean Amery (1912–1978) was one of the earliest skeptical observers of contemporary trends in French philosophy in the 20th century. His essays can be considered both a dialogue with existentialism and an attempt to create a phenomenology of the existence of the victim after Auschwitz. In contrast to structuralism in general and namely directed against Michel Foucault, Amery insisted on the freedom of the subject and its particular experience. In this paper, I examine Amery's criticism of Foucault's early thinking and connect Foucault's later conception of the subject with Amery's reflections on philosophical criticism.

Freedom as Critique. Foucault Beyond Anarchism

Foucault’s theory of power and subjectification challenges common concepts of freedom in social philosophy and expands them through the concept of ‘freedom as critique’: Freedom can be defined as the capability to critically reflect one’s own subjectification, and the conditions of possibility for this critical capacity lie in political and social institutions. The article develops this concept through a critical discussion of the standard response by Foucault interpreters to the standard objection that Foucault’s thinking obscures freedom. The standard response interprets Foucault’s later works, especially The Subject and Power, as a solution to the problem of freedom. It is mistaken, because it conflates different concepts of freedom that are present in Foucault’s work. By differentiating these concepts, this paper proposes a new institutionalist approach to solve the problem of freedom that breaks with the partly anarchist underpinnings of Foucault scholarship: As freedom as critique is not given, but itself a result of subjectification, it entails a demand for ‘modal robustness’ and must therefore be institutionalized. This approach helps to draw out the consequences of Foucault's thinking on freedom for post-foundationalist democratic theory and the general social-philosophical discussion on freedom.

Autonomous Medication Management as a program for political subjects in mental health

Automatic Medication Management (GAM) is a strategy that mobilizes choices for the treatment of medications, by accessing social rights and a care network. In this study, I analyze the GAM guides and their offerings for producing autonomy and ways of life for mental health users. This is a documentary research, with guides as an instrument of analysis, inspired by Foucault's thinking. We have a search for medical and diagnostic guidance, logo, a prescription logic creates conduct programs and incentives for the following. Thus, as results or guidelines, they resemble a program with prescription effects, which become acceptable for mental health, but which form unpredictability. Thus, each subject builds his user profile if he governs himself based on practices built through the rationality of a program that has intervals of life with policies and autonomous ones, as recommended by the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform.

EXPOSING THE NATURE OF ARAB ISLAMIC REASONING AND ITS INFLUENCE TOWARD INDONESIA (Experiment of the Approach of M. Abed al-Jabiri’s Post Structuralism)

The post structuralism approach is no longer a conventional approach. The emergence of this new approach was not only to respond to structuralism, but also to answer the bluntness of the old approach which was barely able to read the very complex reality and to break down the so complicatedly cultural lines. What al-Jabiri practises in dismantling the nature of Arabic reasoning is his experiment in examining the Arab community reasoning. Interestingly, in practicing the post-structuralism approach, al-Jabiri does not only immediately practice it, but he reconstructs the post-structuralism approach by borrowing others for sharper analysis. It means that the post-structuralism approach is not the final approach. However, criticism and development are needed to achieve the establishment of theory.The foundation of the first theory of this research stems from Foucault's idea of archeology-genealogy of knowledge. The foundation of the next theory that the author takes from Foucault's thinking is about discourse. This research is entirely library research; therefore, the first step that researchers did is to collect primary data, especially data related to the focus of this research. The data analysis phase was carried out using the following methods: method of interpretation, analysis and historical.The results of the research indicate that the advantages of the post-structuralism approach are the methodological implications of very different readings and producing something else and new. The results are quite astonishing that al-Jabiri is able to examine the logic of Arabic construction and find the character of reasoning that had been thinkable and unthinkable. The post-structuralism approach is ultimately able to distinguish the nature of the Arab community's reasoning which can be distinguished into forming and formed reasoning.

Football UN-ited: From the Game of War to the War of the Game

This study presents the UN's narrative in the construction of the post-war world. Spanning a period of more than 70 years, this narrative is described through the parallel narrative of football as the game that everyone can play and win, regardless of size, attributes and abilities. Using the language of football through the words of Eduardo Galeano, the paper reveals a common history with different aspects, which is read largely in the light of Michel Foucault's thinking. In this respect, the UN is approached as fully adapted to a sovereign rationalism that organises reality by ordering each category of (international) political practice and discourse in terms of surveillance and suppression, while at the same time wielding, through its choice of strategies and techniques, a power that has a reformative and productive side. The basic aim of this study is to demonstrate, through the analogy with football, the dual nature of the UN through its application of technologies of power over the course of its lifelong operation.

Kuasa Wacana dan Dialogis Tokoh “aku” dalam Le Dernier Jour d’un condamné

This article discusses the work of Victor-Marie Hugo entitled Le dernier jour d'un condamné " (1829). This novel tells about a death row inmate (the "I" character) who experiences an inner struggle about his desire to be free. The power of discourse and dialogue carried out by the character in the novel is the focus of analysis in this paper. The concept of power of discourse refers to Michel Foucault's thoughts and dialogical concepts adopted from Mikhail Bakhtin. This study seeks to dismantle hidden ideas as social criticism presented by the “I” character. The words that describe the anxieties of “I” seem to form a dialogue between the text and the reader. Literary readers are invited to take part in the struggle of my character's thinking about his freedom. The meaning dispute of freedom discourse that wrestles in thought becomes a condition for the formation of dialogue between the reader and the text. Therefore, the dialogic perspective makes a social literary text so that the discourse is not isolated in structure.