Foucault's Theory Research Articles

The making and the portrayal of Scottish distinctiveness: How does the narrative create its audience?

AbstractHow do states present themselves as inclusive towards migrants and their citizens? This article traces the discourse‐to‐audience framework through an analysis of the Scottish government's rhetoric on Scottish distinctiveness and its effect on how young migrants see Scotland. In order, we examine how the discourse of Scottish distinctiveness is constructed and conveyed through a close examination of Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon's public speeches. Through the examples given, we see how an image of Scotland as open, inclusive and outward‐looking is invoked. We then examine how the discourse fosters its audiences through narrative interviews conducted with young adult migrants living in Scotland. We operationalize Foucault's theory of governmentality to this extent and argue that the macro narrative of distinctiveness directs the ‘conduct of conduct’ of young migrants in Scottish society.

Discourse Analysis of Entrepreneurship School Ideology in the Education System

Current educational needs are required to adapt to global needs. The education system must be able to keep up with market demand. This has an impact on shifting educational ideology, including discourse in it. This study aims to uncover the discourse of entrepreneurship school at The Naff Elementary School Kediri, East Java. This study uses a qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach. This study uses Michel Foucault's theory of discourse analysis. The results of this study indicate that the discourse of entrepreneurship school has an impact on the education system with the ideology of capitalism behind it. The learning approach with the CTL or Contextual Teaching and Learning method is one form of revitalizing education based on the discourse of entrepreneurship school

Biopoder y ciudadanía en América latina. Una lectura desde Foucault

In this article, an analysis of Foucault's discourse is carried out to understand the formalization of certain devices that have founded a grammar of domination, expressed in the relationships between power over bodies (Biopower) and the exercise of citizenship. Although the purpose is eminently theoretical, it is intended to achieve a factual approach to the Latin American case, in the understanding that the democracies of the region are beloved daughters of modernity and, in addition, of government schemes that privilege the figure of the citizen as a political actor and historical subject. Methodologically, a critical-hermeneutical analysis is carried out, from which it is a matter of making domination strategies visible and interpreting in Foucault's theory, the discursive establishment of a new societal order, based on the narrative that relates power and citizenship. Study allows us to conclude that Foucaultian theoretical categories reveal power as a set of relations, always in tension, that, in times of change, there is always room to build new rules and regimes of existence.

Zwischen logos und icon

In his contribution "Zwischen logos und icon. Gegenwartskunst als Anders-Ort der Theologie" (Between logos and icon. Contemporary art as other-place of theology) Ulrich Engel OP examines, starting from the iconic turn, the question what theology (which is primarily committed to the biblical WORD) can learn from IMAGES. Following Foucault's theory of heterotopias (other-places), the study focuses on works of contemporary visual art, which as other-places can expose and make visible hidden, overlooked, misunderstood mechanisms of exclusion. Four artistic positions (Pavel Büchler, Boris Mikhailov, Chris Martin, and Paloma Varga Weisz) are used to show how they cite Christian iconographic traditions and revisit them in a contemporary way. In the omissions and gaps that become apparent in these and structurally similar adaptations, de-emphasizations, and continuations, something appears that is already theologically inherent in the biblical prohibition of images. The Jewish prohibition of images is not an absolute one. For it reminds us that all positively painted images of God always need the theological negative sign, the aesthetic "empty space" in the image itself.

CAUSE FACTORS SYMBOLIC RESISTANCE OF GRAPHIC DESIGNERS IN DENPASAR CITY

The discourse of "free design" that was introduced by printing companies as a form of strategy in dealing with business competition, has caused controversy in the graphic design field. Indirectly, this discourse is considered to be able to influence the mindset of the community and become a negative stigma against the graphic designer profession, and the discourse is considered to be a threat to the continuity of the graphic designer profession.This study aims to answer the factors that cause resistance. The study data were taken from observation, social media, and interviews, and analyzed using Michel Foucault's power relation theory and Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis.
 Keywords: hidden transcripts, symbolic resistance, graphic designer, free design

Sexual Violence in an Islamic Higher Education Institution of Indonesian: A Maqasid Al-Shariah and Foucauldian Perspective

Sexual violence was prevalent in many settings, including in religious educational institutions. This article analyzed cases of sexual violence at an Islamic higher education institution in West Java, Indonesia, using the maqasid al-shariah and Foucault's theory of sexuality as the theoretical frameworks. This mixed-method research used Google form's surveys, in-depth interviews, and observations as the data collection methods. The data were analyzed using a flow model, which comprised selection, display, analysis or discussion, and conclusion. This study showed that verbal and non-verbal sexual violence was rampant. It occurred between student and student, lecturer and staff, staff and staff, and lecturer and student. Four models of sexual violence were found based on the typology designed by Dzeich and Weiner, who categorized thirteen forms of sexual violence. The maqasid al-shariah analysis outlined that sexual violence was against the fundamental values and objectives of sharia and human rights. Additionally, Foucault's theory identified patriarchal and cultural hegemony aspects in sexual violence. This study's intriguing part was the findings that combined in-depth interviews, observations, and surveys, intended to understand the intensity of existing cases. On the other hand, the power of analysis was centered on normative fiqh and sociological aspects. According to the literature reviews, these two approaches had not been administered by previous researchers.

Women and Politics: Movement and Militance of “EMak-Emak” and “Srikandi” in the General Election 2019

This article is a scientific account of the results of a study entitled Women and Politics: The Movement and Militance of “EMak-Emak” and “Srikandi” in the General Election 2019. The background of the research problem is assessed from the role of women still in the category of the domestic realm, and still leaves a negative assessment of women who carry out activities in the public sphere, including active participation in politics. This type of research used a qualitative research type, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data. Sources of data obtained are primary data and secondary data. The method of data collection was done through interviews and a thorough literature review. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative analysis technique which is then presented descriptively. As for the conceptual and theoretical framework that is in use is the theory used in answering it uses Michel Foucault's discourse theory and the theory of the movement of women. The results of the study concluded that the women's movement in Indonesia in the 2019 elections which were members of the " Emak-Emak" and the “Srikandi” Group had various reasons, namely as evidence of the identity of the women's political participation movement. The characteristics of the women's movement are generally coordinated with a clearly measurable agenda and steps. The impact of this movement changed the mindset of Indonesian society that women are not only in the reproductive but also shows that they are also capable of entering the productive sphere, including the political sphere.

The Discourse of the Javanese King’s Power in the Old Javanese Manuscript Serat Sruti Jarwa by K.P.A Santakusuma

This study aims to determine the discourse formation process in Ratu Utama teachings in the old Javanese manuscript Serat Sruti Jarwa that contain a discourse on the power of a Javanese king to gain cultural legitimacy. This research is a descriptive qualitative study use a cultural studies research model on discourse from Michel Foucault. According to Foucault's theory, the discourse of knowledge through Serat Sruti Jarwa made by the authorities then understood by the reader will form a control of power because of the acceptance of the truth of knowledge in the teachings of hegemonic literary works. The aim of controlling the production of discourse can strengthen Javanese kings power and protect it from various threats and attempts to weaken it.

Kuasa Disiplin dalam Kepemimpinan Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi

A leader is someone who has influence in an organization. One of them is a library that has a leader to achieve its goals. The library of Islamic University of Indonesia is one of the higher education libraries located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, which is led by a director with an educational background in library science. This study was aimed at investigating disciplinary power exercised by a director. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using three stages of analysis based on Miles and Huberman. In its analysis, Michel Foucault's theory of disciplinary power was used as an effort to look at five things, i.e. panopticism, separation of places, documentation, standardization of judgments, and rewards. The results show that the form of power was hierarchical supervision embodied in verbal rules regarding working time, non-verbal staff jobdesk, separation between the library director's room and division, forms of tardiness and absence, work standards and verbal rewards, and written warnings. Key Words: Discipline Power, Library Leadership, Panopticism, Islamic Libraries , UII Library

THE STUDY OF POWER DYNAMICS AND IDENTITY CRISIS IN SORAYYA KHAN’S CITY OF SPIES

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the identity crises and power relations drawing upon Michel Foucault's theory of power tracing the impacts of power dynamics. The study investigates how power dynamics operate in the novel; what is the nature of these power relations; and how the mode of resistance emerges and in what ways by keeping the concept of power and identity by Michel Foucault.
 Methodology: This part follows the qualitative method in which Sorayya Khan’s City of Spies is analyzed through Foucault's theory of power. The theoretical background of this research is drawn from the concept of Power which is running in all works of Foucault.
 Main Findings: This study has examined the novel from a Foucauldian perspective, which posits that Power is everywhere and it comes from everywhere. For him, it is Power which/that shapes everything whether it is Truth or Identity. Foucault sees power as all-around invisibility that exposes rather than encloses like the panopticon. The society he believes works as a panopticon in which the power effectively induces in the subjects a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power.
 Applications of this study: This study can be applied to power dynamics literature.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The current interpretation of the novel only sees it as a bildungsroman i.e., as a journey of a girl around the political reality of her era. This present study strives to change it by investigating through the lens of power dynamics and its consequent effect on consciousness leading to an identity crisis. The present study will strengthen the interpretation of the novel as a political novel and will illustrate the effects of the political on the human psyche.

Enacting Statehood in Places of Exception: The Structural Effect of Statehood on Greek Migration Management

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to outline an analytic perspective on the notion of statehood, state authorities’ performance in situations of exceptionality, and to present some insights from ethnographic research in the context of migration in contemporary Greece. Following Timothy Mitchell's thesis on the ‘effect of state’, taking into account Giorgio Agamben's and Michel Foucault's theories regarding the ‘state of exception’ and ‘exceptionalised institutions’, as well as Erving Goffman's ‘dramaturgical perspective’ on the studies of social interactions, it is argued that 1. the ongoing cases of illegal and unsanctioned practices carried out by police and army officers in the Greek migration context should be interpreted, first and foremost, as mere practices of statehood enactment; 2. the ‘state of exception’ is not merely a useful spatialised device used by state authorities for mobility-control purposes, but rather an essential trait of statehood enactment itself. In order to reconcile the internal ambiguities inherent in the convoluted ensemble of perceived notions about what ‘a state’ is and how ‘a state’ does what it is supposed to do, it will be argued that, statehood enactment, by its very definition and constitution, frequently requires recurring to an ‘institutionalised state of exception’. From a broader viewpoint, these arguments question some supposedly non-problematic assumptions about the (concrete or abstract) nature of the state, while at the same time proposing an examination of the epistemological status of migranthood.

The Christian Roots of Critique. How Foucault's Confessions of the Flesh Sheds New Light on the Concept of Freedom and the Genealogy of the Modern Critical Attitude

Finally published 34 years after his death, Foucault's book <em>Confessions of the Flesh</em> sheds new light on the debate about freedom and power that shaped the reception of his works. Many contributors to this debate argue that Foucault's theory of power did not allow for freedom in the 'genealogical phase,' but that he corrected himself and presented a solution to the problem of freedom in his later works, especially through his reflection on ancient ethics and technologies of the self in volumes two and three of <em>History of Sexuality</em>, as well as the concept of <em>parrhesia</em>. In contrast to this view, I argue that <em>Confessions of the Flesh</em> shows that a concept of freedom as self-critical hermeneutics that aims at identifying a foreign power within the subject was only developed in Foucault's analysis of Christian practices of penance and confession. This interpretation of <em>Confessions of the Flesh</em> opens a new field of inquiry into the genealogy of critique and both the repressive and emancipative effects of truth-telling and juridification.

Foucault's Power Discourse and Morrison's The Beloved

Referring himself as an ＂experimenter＂, Foucault challenges many fundamental philosophical ideas in the Western tradition with a socio‐historical approach. His power discourse theory, in particular, by reexamining power as a relational network that intertwines with economic, political, social and all other factors, reveals an immense power mechanism that enfolds all human societies in history. His understanding of power relations is, to some extent, vividly mirrored in Toni Morrison's novel The Beloved, where the author, by using a ＂language that drinks blood＂, presents the prevailing operation of power under the shadow of slavery. Morrison ruthlessly snatches readers into the atrocious Afro‐American history and tries to regain power and discourse for the marginalized. By inquiring into Foucault's power discourse theory, this essay analyzes how dynamic power interactions between the white and the black play a central part in shaping the subjectivity of individuals and constructing history in Morrison's The Beloved.

Representasi Relasi Kuasa Dalam Kelompok Masyarakat Pada Film Tilik

This article will explain the representation of power relations over information conducted in social groups which contains group of mothers in a short movie titled Tilik. This article is communication research, because the representation of power relations presented in this short movie can be constructed through scenes in the form of signs that can also be interpreted and analysis. The problem formulation in this article is how the representation of power relations in the short film titled Tilik? Researcher use some literature review in this article such as about representations, power relations over information, and constructiveness in movie, movie as social realities, characters in movie sections, and political agendas depicted in movie. The method used to analysis in this research is Vladimir Propp's narrative method and Michel Foucault's theory of power relations. The power relation that is presented in this short movie is the power over the information that is owned by Bu Tejo to the social groups of mothers who are involved in the movie, this is shown by several parts of the movie that were deliberately selected by the researcher as material for analysis. This study resulted in the conclusion that the representation of power relations is held dominantly by Bu Tejo, because Bu Tejo had information that is not owned by other social groups of mothers. On the other hand, Bu Tejo's power relationship is useful for strengthening social ties and garnering electoral support for her husband in the upcoming local head of village election.

Civil Society, Law and New Normal Covid -19

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought countries in the world and Indonesia is no exception entering a new phase of life. The purpose of this study is to find various policy packages by the Government and individual countries to protect their citizens in relation to various laws and regulations to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research uses normative legal research, and the research methodology used is Foucault's theory of power relations, that is, understanding will be built to find a synthesis in this study. The results of research investigations are related to various policy packages issued by various countries and also by the Indonesian Government to protect their citizens to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic including the various effects of its dominance through large-scale social restrictions and new normal life Covid-19. However, it turns out that this provision is not effective in Indonesia because people tend to ignore it. The solution offered is that the community as a civil society must be able to manage issues in the face of inadequate public compliance with various laws and regulations that govern the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, Civil society in Indonesia must be encouraged to change the basis of thought so that it has the same spatial frequency as the Government

Can You Ever Really Leave Foucault?

ABSTRACT A short essay on the shortcomings of Foucault's theories of subjectification when wanting to address collective subjectification and its role in the transition to liberalism.

Tehnologije sopstva u obrazovanju odraslih

We commence this paper with Foucault's theory of the technologies of the self and the approach to analysing their function in adult education. In exploring the mechanism of control, of particular importance is the point of intersection of power, examining, confiding, science and experts or specialists and the formation of the self. We shall attempt to clarify such relations, particularly the connection of the technology of the self and education. The adult learner is perceived as an active learner and is expected to provide constant reflexion on their previous experience which has turned into raw material honed by critical analysis. It is presupposed that such action is empowering and that talking about oneself influences the liberation of an individual. In the past decade, various societal spheres saw a more pronounced neoliberal position, which also applies to the sphere of education. Consequently, we witness the growing and more frequent transfer of responsibility to the subject who ought to develop certain skills, regardless of whether they are intended for living or working. Spurred by growing insecurities and global unpredictability, the individual is invited to continually hone their skills and reinvent themselves so as to adapt to changes. Lifelong learning has become a standard and requirement, not just a right. Such a learning process oftentimes includes self-knowledge that is inevitably playing out in relation to current modes of truth. By producing themselves, the subject is also becoming submissive at the same time. In this work, we suggest that the practices of learning must therefore be what Foucault called technologies of the self, whereas the description and argumentation of this statement is at the crux of this paper.

ТОПОС В'ЯЗНИЦІ ЯК ГОЛОВНИЙ ТРОП РОМАНУ МАРГАРЕТ ЕЛЕОНОР ЕТВУД «ВІДЬОМСЬКЕ СІМ'Я»

The article is devoted to the analysis of M. Atwood’s novel “Hag-Seed”, which transfers the situation and issues of Shakespeare's "The Tempest" to the modern environment. The author literalizes the metaphorical meanings invested by the great bard, at the same time attaching her own metaphors to create a two-level text. An attempt is made to investigate the specifics of the author's use of the prison topos as a literary path to draw public attention to the existing problems of the penitentiary system, and to promulgate the role of theater in preparing convicted criminals to return to society and their successful integration. Atwood uses different types of imprisonment and restraint in her work, which correlates with Foucault's research in the field of control and supervision, as well as his heterotopology. Also, the emphasis on the psychological state of the hero makes it possible to consider the problem through the prism of D. Moran's theory of carceral space. Personal contribution is to disclose the role of psychological aspect of literary analysis of Margaret Atwood’s “Hag-Seed” through Foucault's theory of the origin of imprisonment as an institution.

Childhood innocence and experience: Memory, discourse and practice

AbstractThis article examines how childhood innocence is taken up in (92) memories of undergraduate students across four sites in the US and Canada. Drawing from Foucault's theory of discourse, we examine how three themes—innocence as not knowing, innocence as being provided for, and loss of innocence as exposure to adversity—construct childhood as the absence of conflict, which perpetuates the myth of an innocence/experience binary and encourages a deficit perspective of childhood. These findings contribute to teacher education and childhood studies by highlighting the importance of interrogating adult memories in order to disrupt normative assumptions about children.

Ideological Conflicts in a Collection of Short Stories of Kera Di Kepala (A Monkey on the Head) by Soeprijadi Tomodihardjo: A Study of Michel Foucault's Critical Discourse Analysis

The novelty of this research is the construction of CDA Foucault's theory on a collection of short stories of Kera Di Kepala (A Monkey On The Head) by Soeprijadi Tomodihardjo (ST) (2006). The contribution of this research strengthens the concept of ideological contestation in CDA theory.The purpose of this research is to find a counter ideology against the dominant ideology in the New Order and Reformation Order in Indonesian exil literature. The theory used by CDA Michel Foucault. Research approach of constructionist Jorgensen and Phillips (2002). The data source for the collection of short stories of Kera D i Kepala (A Monkey On The Head) by ST. Technique of collecting data is critical reading, recording, coding data. CDA of Foucault's perspective data analysis technique follows Alba-Juez's (2009) formula, namely: (1) topic selection, (2) data deepening, (3) theme identification, (4) searching for absent/hidden discourse elements, (5) search for meaning relations between elements of discourse, and (6) contextualization of discourse elements in the power-knowledge network. Findings: ideology of democracy-socialist-humanism as a counter ideology for the exile authors of 1965 which was fought with liberal-democracy ideology as the dominant ideology of the New Order and Reformation-Order governments in Indonesia. Keywords : conflict, ideology, critical discourse analysis, humanism-socialist DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-22-07 Publication date: November 30 th 2020