Foster Innovation Research Articles

Інтелектуальний капітал і його значення для забезпечення економічної стабільності та національної безпеки

In today’s context of globalization and rapid technological development, intellectual capital has become a crucial resource for ensuring economic stability and national security. Unlike traditional factors of production such as land and labor, modern economic models are based on knowledge, innovation, and technology, which drive countries’ competitiveness in the international arena. Intellectual capital encompasses all intangible assets that create added value, including knowledge, skills, patents, technologies, organizational culture, and more. Its importance to national security is underscored by the necessity to foster innovation, cybersecurity, and effective management of information resources in the face of modern threats. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of new technologies and product development significantly boosts economic activity, which in turn stimulates the creation of new jobs. Employment levels increase, and the overall well-being of the population improves. Intellectual capital provides the foundation for the development of new defense systems, cybersecurity, the protection of intellectual property, and strategic risk management. Economic stability is a critical indicator for any country, as it determines the population’s standard of living, the competitiveness of enterprises, and resilience to global crises. It has been established that the weighted distribution of each element’s contribution to national security is based on various factors: cybersecurity (25%), protection of information resources (20%), the role of science (20%), defense capability (15%), and strategic risk management (20%). Protecting intellectual property, including patents, copyrights, and trademarks, becomes a key factor in preserving scientific and technological achievements and preventing industrial espionage. Keywords: intellectual capital, economic stability, national security, innovation, human capital, information security, structural capital, enterprises.

THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, INNOVATION, MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE (CASE: INDONESIA)

The purpose of this study is to examine how knowledge management affects employee creativity, motivation, and work satisfaction in Indonesia's printing sector. In 2024, questionnaires were randomly delivered to PT Penerbit Erlangga Group Jakarta employees in order to gather cross-sectional data. In order to investigate a particular population or sample, data were gathered using a quantitative approach based on positivism. Research tools were used to collect data, which were then statistically evaluated to test hypotheses. The findings indicate that while knowledge management has no detrimental effects on employee performance, it does have a favorable impact on employees' motivation, creativity, and job satisfaction in Indonesia's printing industry. Furthermore, employee performance is not positively impacted by innovation, but it is positively impacted by job satisfaction and motivation. The managerial ramifications of these results underscore how critical it is for printing companies to concentrate on initiatives that raise employee engagement and satisfaction, foster innovation, and enhance staff knowledge and abilities.

Towards sustainable development: Examining renewable energy consumption in E−7 countries

In the contemporary landscape, sustainable development became major challenge for the economy which is tackled if environmental issues are resolved. In this regard, this study investigate renewable energy, institutional quality, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth on environmental pollution in E−7 countries (Brazil, Russia, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, and Turkey). Utilizing annual data from 2002 to 2023, selected the panel Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) after applying stationary process. The results depict that there is short and long run relationship among the selected variables, CO2 emissions exhibit an asymmetrical response to positive and negative shocks in exogenous variables. A one-percent change in FDI, GDP, IQ and EC reduce the carbon emission. Our research concludes with policy recommendation that prioritize priorities economic growth and environmental sustainability. To achieve a healthy environment and sustainable growth in the E7 countries, it is essential to strengthen institutional frameworks, encourage green investments, and foster technical innovation.

Investigating the Relationship Between Different Leadership Approaches and the Development of Organizational Culture

This study investigates the relationship between different leadership styles and the development of organizational culture, focusing on transformational, transactional, situational, and servant leadership. A quantitative research design was employed, collecting data from 200 mid-level and senior-level managers across diverse industries. Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI), the study measured leadership styles and organizational culture dimensions, including innovation, collaboration, stability, and ethics. The statistical analysis, including correlation and regression, revealed significant relationships between leadership styles and cultural dimensions. Transformational leadership showed the strongest positive correlation with innovation (r = .75, p < .01) and collaboration (r = .70, p < .01), while servant leadership was positively associated with collaboration (r = .78, p < .01) and ethics (r = .75, p < .01). Transactional leadership was linked to stability (r = .65, p < .01), emphasizing control and performance in structured environments. Situational leadership demonstrated flexibility, influencing both innovation (r = .68, p < .01) and ethics (r = .64, p < .01). The findings conclude that leadership styles significantly shape organizational culture. Transformational and servant leadership were found to foster innovation, collaboration, and ethics, while transactional leadership promotes stability. The study provides practical recommendations for managers to adopt leadership styles that align with their organizational goals, fostering a positive and productive work culture. Future research should explore these relationships across different industries and cultural contexts.

Effect of Data Integration Techniques on Operational Efficiency in Manufacturing Industries in Iran

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of data integration techniques on operational efficiency in manufacturing industries in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that by seamlessly amalgamating data from disparate sources across production lines, supply chains, and customer feedback systems, manufacturers have been able to streamline processes, optimize resource allocation, and achieve significant cost savings. For instance, real-time data integration facilitates timely decision-making, allowing for adaptive production planning and inventory management. Furthermore, the integration of advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms has enabled predictive maintenance strategies, reducing downtime and enhancing overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). These technological advancements not only bolster operational efficiency but also foster innovation, as companies leverage integrated data insights to drive continuous improvement initiatives and meet evolving consumer demands. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource-based view (RBV), technology acceptance model and dynamic capabilities theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of data integration techniques on operational efficiency in manufacturing industries in Iran. Manufacturing firms should prioritize strategic implementation plans for data integration technologies to ensure that investments in IoT, AI, ETL, data warehousing, data virtualization, and APIs are aligned with their overall business objectives. Policymakers should provide incentives and support for the adoption of advanced data integration technologies in the manufacturing sector.

Research on Optimization of Internal Audit Process under the Background of Big Data

In the era of big data, it is especially vital to optimize the internal audit process. Traditional methods are increasingly inadequate to handle the burgeoning volume of data and intricate environments. Consequently, leveraging big data technology to enhance audit processes has become essential. The role of internal audit should evolve from mere supervision to a service-oriented function, aiming to bolster governance, uncover issues, and enhance value. Nevertheless, challenges such as inadequate audit independence and feeble rectification mechanisms persist. The integration of big data technology with internal audit practices can markedly elevate the quality and efficiency of audits, and foster innovation in audit methodologies. To optimize the audit process, it is imperative to define clear objectives, propose practical and viable solutions, and further refine the quality and sophistication of audit work through techniques like data preprocessing and analysis.

The impacts of emotional intelligence and IOT on operational efficiency in manufacturing: A cross-cultural analysis of Nigeria and the US

This review paper explores the dual impacts of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) on Operational Efficiency (OE) in the manufacturing sectors of Nigeria and the United States, providing a comprehensive cross-cultural analysis. In an era where manufacturing industries globally are undergoing rapid technological advancements and organizational transformations, understanding the synergistic role of human and technological factors is crucial. EI, which encompasses the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions, significantly influences leadership effectiveness, team dynamics, and overall workplace harmony. Concurrently, the integration of IoT technologies facilitates real-time data monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced automation, leading to substantial improvements in OE. The paper first delineates the conceptual frameworks of EI and IoT, highlighting their individual contributions to manufacturing efficiency. Subsequently, it discusses the comparative analysis of the manufacturing environments in Nigeria and the US, examining how cultural contexts shape the application and impact of EI and IoT. In the United States, advanced technological infrastructure and a culture of innovation foster the widespread adoption of IoT and the integration of EI in organizational practices. Conversely, Nigeria's manufacturing sector, while facing challenges such as infrastructural deficits and skill gaps, shows potential for growth through targeted investments in technology and human capital development. Through this cross-cultural lens, the paper identifies key differences in the perceptions and applications of EI, the extent of IoT integration, and the resulting OEs. The findings suggest that while the US benefits from a mature ecosystem for both EI and IoT, Nigeria's unique socio-economic landscape necessitates tailored strategies to harness these tools effectively. The analysis concludes with policy and practical implications, offering insights for enhancing manufacturing efficiency through balanced and culturally sensitive approaches to technological and EI advancements. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of synergizing human and technological capabilities to drive sustainable growth and competitiveness in the global manufacturing sector. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Internet of Things, Operational Efficiency, Manufacturing, Cross-Cultural Analysis, Nigeria and United States.

Leading with Trust: How University Leaders can Foster Innovation with Educational Technology through Organizational Trust

Leading with Trust: How University Leaders can Foster Innovation with Educational Technology through Organizational Trust

Expertise and specialization in organizations: a social network analysis

ABSTRACT Organizations rely on their employees’ expertise (i.e. very high domain-specific competence relative to peers) and specialization (i.e. moderate to high competence in tasks for which no direct peers are responsible) to foster innovation and knowledge-sharing processes. While previous research demonstrated the pivotal role of experts and specialists, there remains scant knowledge on their skill profiles and embeddedness in organizational networks. Employing social network analysis (N = 344), we explore the relationships between the reception of advice requests – quantified by in-degree centralities – and self-assessed skills, expertise, and specialization. The results suggest a halo effect, as proficiency in one skill bundle is related to advice requests in other skill bundles. Furthermore, we use an exponential random graph model (ERGM) to provide evidence of similarities in skills, tenure, and leadership responsibility between advice-giver and advice-seeker. Finally, we use optimal matching analyses to compare skill profiles of individuals in our sample with theoretically derived ideal types of skill profiles for experts and specialists. The study underscores the need to further investigate expertise and specialization, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between diverse knowledge carriers and skill profiles within career development, talent management, and knowledge management.

Renewable Energy Consumption Determinants: Do They Differ between Oil-Exporting Countries and Oil-Importing Ones?

This paper delves into the critical determinants of renewable energy consumption, focusing on the contrasting roles of oil imports and exports. It aims to bridge the knowledge gap by comparing these determinants across both oil-importing and oil-exporting nations, offering a comprehensive and nuanced perspective to inform policy recommendations. Using annual data from 1990 to 2018 sourced from the World Bank database, the study employs panel multiple regression analysis and adopts a fixed effects model to explore two main questions: What drives the use of renewable energy sources? How does a country’s oil importer or exporter status affect these factors? The findings reveal a significant but inverse relationship between oil rents and renewable energy consumption (REC) for both types of countries. Additionally, there is a notable negative correlation between GDP growth and REC for both oil-exporting and oil-importing countries. Interestingly, the crude oil average closing price and inflation show an insignificant impact on REC in both contexts. The study also highlights that net energy imports significantly affect REC, with a much stronger inverse relationship in oil-importing countries compared with oil-exporting ones. For oil-importing countries, diversifying energy sources is a crucial investment. Governments should prioritize research and development in renewable energy to spur technological advancements, enhancing efficiency and affordability. Economic growth-promoting policies, such as tax incentives and subsidies for renewable energy businesses, are vital for encouraging sustainable practices. Consistent, long-term policies are essential for providing investor confidence and supporting the transition to renewable energy. For oil-exporting countries, similar strategies are recommended. Additionally, allocating a portion of oil revenues to renewable energy infrastructure and funding research and development in renewable technologies through local universities and startups are crucial steps. This dual approach will not only enhance energy diversification but also foster innovation and sustainability in the energy sector.

Determinants of Government Spending, Its Impact on Public Welfare, and The Role Of Economic Growth: A Literature Review

This study delves into the multifaceted factors that influence government expenditure and its subsequent effects on public welfare, with a particular focus on its impact on economic growth. Government spending plays a pivotal role in shaping economic development, enhancing public welfare, and alleviating poverty. By conducting a systematic literature review, this research methodically evaluates a range of pertinent sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics. The findings indicate that strategic government expenditure, particularly in areas such as infrastructure, education, and technology, is instrumental in driving economic growth and improving public welfare outcomes. Investment in infrastructure not only facilitates more efficient business operations but also creates jobs and improves living standards. Similarly, funding education ensures a more skilled workforce, which can foster innovation and productivity. Investments in technology can lead to advancements that spur economic development and enhance quality of life. However, the study also emphasizes that the effectiveness and optimal allocation of government spending are critical factors in realizing these benefits. Effective expenditure strategies, therefore, must be well-planned and targeted. The insights derived from this study provide valuable guidance for policymakers in crafting expenditure strategies that aim to achieve sustainable development and long-term economic stability.

Effects of integration interdisciplinary learning on student learning outcomes and healthcare-giving competence: a mixed methods study

BackgroundInterdisciplinary collaboration is known to foster professional innovation and enhance student learning across different domains. However, the research on the effectiveness of integration of interdisciplinary learning in pediatric nursing education is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of integrating game-based learning, an interdisciplinary approach to teaching, into pediatric nursing education’s play courses.MethodsWe used a mixed methods study with pre-test/post-test quantitative analyses and a descriptive qualitative analysis of students’ reflection journals. Data were collected between August 2019 and July 2020 to gauge course effectiveness. Quantitative data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using a t-test, correlation, and regression analysis. Qualitative data using students’ reflective journals were collected and analyzed using content analysis. One hundred and three second-year nursing students enrolled in a four-year nursing program. Nursing students attended classes in university classrooms and served learning in a kindergarten or hospital in Northern Taiwan.ResultsThe subscales of Students’ Learning Outcome in knowledge, abilities, and attitudes showed significantly higher mean post-test scores compared to pre-test scores: 26.15 (SD = 3.35) vs. 16.82 (SD = 4.49), p < .001; 18.03 (SD = 2.13) vs. 11.43 (SD = 2.95), p < .001; and 12.90 (SD = 2.12) vs. 8.72 (SD = 2.52), p < .001. Furthermore, scores on the Service-Learning Abilities Scale indicated a significant increase in communication, problem-solving, knowledge application, and cross-cultural competence. Integrating instruction to improve problem-solving skills and knowledge application predicts student learning outcomes. Qualitative findings revealed nursing students’ reflections on integrating different learning areas, communication, problem-solving, and practical knowledge skills.ConclusionsIntegration of interdisciplinary learning effectively stimulates learning among nursing students and enhances their knowledge, abilities, and attitudes toward therapeutic play, benefiting children’s health. Our findings demonstrate that integration of interdisciplinary learning significantly enhances nursing students’ healthcare-giving competence, particularly in communication, problem-solving, knowledge application, and cross-cultural competence as measured by the Service-Learning Scale. Integrating social service with integration of interdisciplinary learning exposes nursing students to diverse challenges and needs, thereby enhancing their communication skills, knowledge application, and problem-solving abilities. Nursing students can blend knowledge and skills through integrated learning, which is crucial for nursing career preparation.Trial registrationN/A. It was a survey on educational activities.

Growing and fostering knowledge translation: Recommendations for health organisations from the SPHERE Envisionarium

ObjectivesDespite considerable investments in health research, there is a disconnect between what is known to enhance healthcare and how healthcare is delivered in situ. Knowledge translation (KT) plays a vital role in addressing this disconnect. Some governments promote KT via initiatives that encourage collaboration between researchers, clinicians, communities and others; this includes Maridulu Budyari Gumal SPHERE (Sydney Partnership for Health, Education, Research and Enterprise). To promote KT and address the knowledge-to-action gap, we held an envisionarium with SPHERE members, to generate recommendations to promote KT in, and beyond, SPHERE. Methods: To discern these recommendations, an envisionarium was facilitated with SPHERE members. Participants included researchers, healthcare providers and others (n = 16). Participants considered how KT can be fostered and promoted. Discussion notes and participant responses were thematically analysed. Results: Four recommendations were identified, accompanied by practical steps to action these to enable health and research institutions to foster KT. These include the need to: provide access to resources; reconceptualise impact and innovation; promote the legitimacy of different knowledges; and engage everyone in KT. Conclusions: These recommendations are important for three reasons. First, they demonstrate that KT requires more than funding – it also requires networks that buoy the dynamic flow of knowledge in its varied manifestations. Second, the recommendations demonstrate the importance of supportive organisational mechanisms that inculcate positive, KT-friendly structures or cultures, while affording individuals the opportunity to organically foster innovation. Third, they demonstrate the methodological value of envisionariums to disrupt the status quo and envision different ways to promote KT.

Navigating online learning challenges and educational infrastructure in times of crisis: Insights and solutions among Thai engineering students utilizing a mixed-methods analysis

The rapid shift to online learning during COVID-19 posed challenges for students. This investigation explored these hurdles and suggested effective solutions using mixed methods. By combining a literature review, interviews, surveys, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the study identified five key challenges: lack of practical experience, disruptions in learning environments, condensed assessments, technology and financial constraints, and health and mental well-being concerns. Notably, it found differences in priorities among students across academic years. Freshmen struggled with the absence of hands-on courses, sophomores with workload demands, and upperclassmen with mental health challenges. The research also discussed preferred strategies for resolution, emphasizing independent learning methods, managing distractions, and adjusting assessments. By providing tailored insights, this study aimed to enhance online learning. Governments and universities should support practical work, prioritize student well-being, improve digital infrastructure, adapt assessments, foster innovation, and ensure resilience.

Can smart city policies foster digital innovation in the construction industry? Evidence from BIM-related patents in China

PurposeThe construction of smart cities holds the potential to drive digital innovation in the construction industry through various means, such as enhancing supply and demand. This study echoes the urgent need for the construction industry to overcome development challenges. Hence, it is necessary to study the extent and ways in which smart city policies promote digital innovation in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study treats China’s smart city policies as quasi-natural experiments. Using a dataset of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2021 and a difference-in-differences model, the study scrutinizes the impact of smart city policies on digital innovation within the construction industry.FindingsThe study reveals a substantial positive influence of smart city policies on digital innovation in the construction industry. In addition, the study explains these results by analysing supply-side and demand-side mechanisms. Moreover, the effect of smart city pilot policies on promoting digital innovation within the construction industry displays noteworthy heterogeneity across cities at different regional and political levels.Originality/valueBy exploring the impact and mechanisms of smart city policies on digital innovation in the construction industry, this research contributes to a more comprehensive and profound comprehension of the role of policies in facilitating the digital transformation of the construction sector. It is a valuable reference for policymakers and industry practitioners aiming to advance digital development.

Contribution of leadership styles to organizational performance in the South African banking sector

The main aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of different leadership styles on the performance of organisations in the banking sector of South Africa. The outcomes are expected to be utilised in order to construct leadership development initiatives, which will facilitate the cultivation of leadership competencies that contribute to the success of a company. The research conducted a synthesis of 50 empirical studies through the use of secondary source content analysis. A one-sample t-test was used to assess the presence of a statistically significant association between organisational success and a manager's lifestyle. A unidirectional analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the correlation between different leadership styles and organisational performance. The Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was employed to examine the correlation between leadership styles and organisational performance. Research has confirmed that Transformational leadership has a positive impact on financial success, customer satisfaction, and staff engagement. Transformational leaders foster innovation and exceptional performance through their inspiring vision and tailored assistance. Transactional leadership ensures operational stability and adherence to regulations, but it does not have a substantial impact on staff engagement and innovation. Servant leadership emphasises the establishment of a supportive work environment through the enhancement of staff morale and customer service. An optimal approach for enhancing organisational performance in the South African Banking sector is to adopt a well-rounded strategy that incorporates transformational, transactional, and servant leadership principles. The Transformational leadership style has been determined to be the most effective in the banking sector, as it has shown the highest improvement in organisational performance. Banks executives and managers should consider embracing transformational leadership, cultivating innovation, and allocating resources towards staff development.

Rhetorical or Genuine Slack Time? Temporal Attributes, Barriers, and Outcomes of Slack Time

OVERVIEW: This study examines the temporal attributes, barriers, and outcomes of slack time in R&D organizations. The study findings indicate that slack time has a waved occurrence, organically arising from downtimes in core work and uptimes in personal creativity. Endemic overcommitment of employees and high perceived opportunity costs prevent slack time from being used effectively in many organizations, resulting in merely rhetorical slack time. The findings suggest that genuine slack time requires formally allocating resources to pay for discretionary time and insulating employees from urgent demands. The study identifies three main outcomes of genuine slack time: (1) It diversifies creativity sources, leading to a spectrum of innovativeness and applications; (2) it increases employee motivation through autonomy and empowerment; and (3) it functions as a cultural lever signaling trust. The study contributes a nuanced conceptualization of slack time grounded in practitioner experiences and offers insights for managing slack time to foster innovation and employee engagement.

Digital transformation anxiety: absorptive capacity, dynamic capability, and digital innovation performance

PurposeThis study proposes the novel construct of digital transformation anxiety and investigates its effect, which is mediated by absorptive capacity and dynamic capability, on digital innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a questionnaire survey among Taiwanese manufacturing and service companies to verify the research framework. A total of 130 valid responses were collected and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and bootstrapping to test direct and mediation effects, respectively.FindingsDigital transformation anxiety negatively affects absorptive capacity and dynamic capability, whereas absorptive capacity and dynamic capability positively affect digital innovation performance. Dynamic capability more strongly mediates the association between digital transformation anxiety and digital innovation performance than absorptive capacity. Additionally, digital transformation anxiety does not negatively affect digital innovation performance. Finally, manufacturing companies had significantly higher levels of digital transformation anxiety than service companies.Research limitations/implicationsThis study proposes the novel construct of digital transformation anxiety to address a gap in the literature. Digital transformation anxiety leads companies to adopt unnecessarily conservative practices, preventing them from flexibly responding to technological advances. This insight highlights the negative effect of such anxiety on absorptive capacity and dynamic capability, extending the application of path dependency theory to companies. The findings underscore the value of enhancing dynamic capability and reallocating resources to foster digital innovation. The study identified and explored the concept of digital transformation anxiety and extended the perspective of dynamic capability to include digital transformation and digital innovation.Practical implicationsThe current findings indicate that digital transformation anxiety does not substantially affect digital innovation performance in Taiwanese companies. Consequently, Taiwanese companies should focus on developing their absorptive capacity and dynamic capability to enhance digital innovation.Originality/valueThe study proposes the novel construct of digital transformation anxiety and explores its effect on business units. It presents a pioneering framework derived from path dependence theory and the perspective of dynamic capability.

ESPÍRITO SANTO MOBILIZATION FOR INNOVATION (MCI): CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM OF ESPÍRITO SANTO STATE

In 2018, it was organized Espírito Santo Mobilization for Innovation (MCI) 2018. It is an aligned set of local actors to create conditions that foster innovation in Espírito Santo State, contributing to the emergence of a new economic cycle and prosperity for the society of Espírito Santo State. The objective of this article is to present the main characteristics of MCI and its contributions to the Espírito Santo Innovation Ecosystem. The article carried out and the evaluation of a program financed with resources from FUNCITEC/MCI, the Support Program for Innovative Projects in the Areas of Logistics, Food and Beverage (LAB). We argue that MCI has carried out important actions for the consolidation of the innovation ecosystem in Espírito Santo, has clear goals for the 2020-2030 period and has financed important projects, especially in the period of the coronavirus pandemic, being an important institutional arrangement for the innovation ecosystem of Espírito Santo.

Organizational Culture Relation With Innovation; Comment on "Employee-Driven Innovation in Health Organizations: Insights From a Scoping Review"

This commentary article is important and relevant, as organizational culture and innovation are essential to health organization's performance and viability in a dynamic and competitive setting. Organizational culture is the unquenchable drive that propels an organization's growth and serves as its soul. However, effective internal innovation management is one way that managers and organizations may foster innovation. Health organizations that prioritize service and technological innovation while simultaneously cultivating an appropriate innovation culture to establish a sustainable internal consensus that stimulates innovation are the most inventive. Individuals as well as groups have a deeply ingrained culture that influences how they think and behave, causing health organizations to operate in a way that is rational and consistent.