Forward Momentum Research Articles

Taft-Hartley and the Contradictions of Republican Anti-unionism

Taft-Hartley and the Contradictions of Republican Anti-unionism

University libraries as open innovation partners: Harnessing hidden potential to foster global entrepreneurship

Universities and their libraries are well-positioned to provide a rich source of market information that can help resource-constrained start-ups to globalise their business operations. As one of the more important elements of the innovation ecosystem, knowledge-sharing can help start-ups to make data-driven, strategic decisions, rather than basing forward momentum on unreliable intuition. This column highlights the author's experience with a consultancy project that featured a university's library's support of entrepreneurial globalisation, the various implications for both start-ups as well as entrepreneurs, and lessons learned that could become the norm for more open innovation and collaboration between libraries, entrepreneurs, and their start-ups.

EU competition policy: an application of the failing forward framework

ABSTRACT This paper examines how the ‘failing forward’ framework can contribute to explaining developments in EU competition policy, a policy domain where supranational and national forces have interacted over more than sixty years. The concepts of incompleteness of reforms and forward momentum, which are at the core of this framework, have been adapted to reflect the realities of this policy. In this area, the decentralisation of responsibilities to the national level does de facto correspond to a forward momentum towards a more effective competition policy enforcement. The globalisation and the digitalisation of the economy, and more recently the COVID-19 pandemic, pose new challenges. However, as it can count on strong supranational institutions and on its indispensability for the preservation of the single market, EU competition policy should be able to adapt to the changing environment, without risk of disintegration.

Marital Realism: Beauty and Pettiness inMiddlemarch

Marital Realism: Beauty and Pettiness in<i>Middlemarch</i>

Forward Momentum: Providing Supportive Space for EdD Students’ Dissertation Progression through Weekly Online Writing Sessions

This essay describes an online writing group introduced to a CPED EdD program at a research-intensive, land-grant university during the summer of 2020 when the existing face-to-face program shifted to fully online delivery. The purpose of the writing sessions was to support EdD student practitioners with dissertation writing productivity by offering multiple weekly opportunities for synchronous writing sessions via Zoom online video conferencing. Although this new program is still in development, initial student feedback suggests that the writing sessions not only supported students’ dissertation progression, but it also established a sense of community and social support in an online environment. Lessons learned are shared, and we argue that this could be an ideal time to offer online writing sessions, especially since the pandemic will continue into the coming months.

How muscles maximize performance in accelerated sprinting.

We sought to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how the individual leg muscles act synergistically to generate a ground force impulse and maximize the change in forward momentum of the body during accelerated sprinting. We combined musculoskeletal modelling with gait data to simulate the majority of the acceleration phase (19 foot contacts) of a maximal sprint over ground. Individual muscle contributions to the ground force impulse were found by evaluating each muscle's contribution to the vertical and fore-aft components of the ground force (termed "supporter" and "accelerator/brake," respectively). The ankle plantarflexors played a major role in achieving maximal-effort accelerated sprinting. Soleus acted primarily as a supporter by generating a large fraction of the upward impulse at each step whereas gastrocnemius contributed appreciably to the propulsive and upward impulses and functioned as both accelerator and supporter. The primary role of the vasti was to deliver an upward impulse to the body (supporter), but these muscles also acted as a brake by retarding forward momentum. The hamstrings and gluteus medius functioned primarily as accelerators. Gluteus maximus was neither an accelerator nor supporter as it functioned mainly to decelerate the swinging leg in preparation for foot contact at the next step. Fundamental knowledge of lower-limb muscle function during maximum acceleration sprinting is of interest to coaches endeavoring to optimize sprint performance in elite athletes as well as sports medicine clinicians aiming to improve injury prevention and rehabilitation practices.

Global Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Global Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physicians’ Perception of Digital Health in Orthopedics

Digital health and technology have been growing in healthcare over the past 10 years as they have allowed for health systems to remotely deliver virtual care at scale. Despite this, providers and healthcare systems have traditionally viewed technology as an additional asset, or even a burden in some cases, rather than a necessity. Due to the impact of COVID-19 on in-person treatment options for millions of patients, a rapid adoption of telemedicine and virtual healthcare services has been seen across the country and the globe. A survey (Appendix A) was conducted that included respondents from all roles within leading healthcare organizations - from surgeons to nurses to administrators &amp; more. By analyzing data from various healthcare personas, we aimed to paint a complete picture of the orthopedic healthcare industry. COVID-19 has challenged the healthcare system and physicians to reimagine the ways they have traditionally delivered care to patients. While barriers to adoption exist – including reimbursement and operational efficiencies – the orthopedic community is on track to have virtual care and telemedicine as a new normal long after the pandemic has come to an end. Forward-thinking healthcare systems and physician groups that rise to the challenge and adapt to this change will continue to make strides in improving patient care and driving this forward momentum, wherein healthcare can be a true hybrid of virtual and in-person care that best suits the needs of all patients.

The Software Design of Intelligent Campus Safety Cabinet under Epidemic Situation

During the outbreak and future public health security, the safety cabinet industry gradually took to the forward momentum of development, the safe cabinet from the normal delivery tank through the software design to implement the "sell" face-to-face in universities. According to the survey, most students lose some take-out. Safety cabinets not only solve the problem of the safety delivery courier, also pay attention to public health in this era of successful implementation without personnel contact. Through the software design, the dining room also unified blocks with the school management, and students can order food through the canteen they want to go to, which provides a large number of different choices for students so that they won't get tired of eating in the same area. With the popularization of 5G in the future, the combination of "unmanned delivery mode" can reduce more risks in terms of public health and make people's lives more convenient.

Ground Reaction Forces of Dressage Horses Performing the Piaffe.

Simple SummaryOne of the most difficult movements performed by dressage horses is the piaffe, in which the horse raises and lowers alternating diagonal limb pairs while remaining in place. Piaffe is an artificial movement that requires good balance. Knowledge of the unique stresses on the horse’s limbs and body during the performance of the piaffe are needed to understand the mechanics of the movement and the implications for injury. In this study, we used force plates to measure ground reaction forces (GRFs) in the vertical, longitudinal and transverse directions in seven highly trained horses performing the piaffe. The results showed that the hindlimbs carried relatively more weight in the piaffe than in trot or passage, though the peak vertical GRF was significantly higher in the forelimbs. The forces acting in the horizontal plane showed considerable variability from step-to-step within individual horses. This was thought to represent the difficulty of maintaining balance when the horse stands on one diagonal pair of limbs.The piaffe is an artificial, diagonally coordinated movement performed in the highest levels of dressage competition. The ground reaction forces (GRFs) of horses performing the piaffe do not appear to have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three-dimensional GRFs in ridden dressage horses performing the piaffe. In-ground force plates were used to capture fore and hindlimb GRF data from seven well-trained dressage horses. Peak vertical GRF was significantly higher in forelimbs than in the hindlimbs (7.39 ± 0.99 N/kg vs. 6.41 ± 0.64 N/kg; p < 0.001) with vertical impulse showing a trend toward higher forelimb values. Peak longitudinal forces were small with no difference in the magnitude of braking or propulsive forces between fore and hindlimbs. Peak transverse forces were similar in magnitude to longitudinal forces and were mostly directed medially in the hindlimbs. Both the intra- and inter-individual variability of longitudinal and transverse GRFs were high (coefficient of variation 25–68%). Compared with the other diagonal gaits of dressage horses, the vertical GRF somewhat shifted toward the hindlimbs. The high step-to-step variability of the horizontal GRF components is thought to reflect the challenge of balancing on one diagonal pair of limbs with no forward momentum.

Research on the Integration of Sports and Education Based on the Characteristics of the Times

The rapid development of the times has pointed out the development direction and forward momentum for the integration of sports and education. This article uses research methods of literature and logical analysis to in-depth and meticulously explore the basic principles of the integration of sports and education based on the characteristics of the times. On this basis, it proposes to consolidate the organizational foundation for the integration of physical education and "integration" to optimize sports and education. A series of integration methods based on the characteristics of the times, such as the integration of the operational mechanism of "integration" promotion, and the establishment of a guarantee system for the integration of sports and education and the promotion of "integration".

Caring for US Children: Barriers to Effective Treatment in Children with the Disease of Obesity.

In 2020, impediments to pediatric obesity (PO) treatment remain pervasive, even though these barriers are clearly documented in medical literature. Providers must invest considerable resources to overcome these barriers to care. Notable barriers include gaps in medical education, misperceptions of the disease, weight bias and stigma, exclusion of coverage in health plans, and thus an unsustainable financial framework. Hence, this review offers an updated social-ecological framework of accessibility to care, wherein each barrier to care or variable is interdependent on the other and each is critical to creating forward momentum. The sum of all these variables is instrumental to overall smooth function, configured as a wheel. To treat PO effectively, all variables must be adequately addressed by stakeholders throughout the health care system in order to holistically comprehend and appreciate undertakings to advance the burgeoning field of PO medicine.

From bad to worse II: Risk amplification of the HPV vaccine on Facebook

BackgroundThe HPV vaccine is seen by many audiences as a health risk, but this perspective has seen little analysis. This study is the continuation of an analysis of the first decade of public, HPV-vaccine related Facebook posts. For this study, social amplification of risk framework concepts were analyzed to measure their relationships with post characteristics, engagement, and to see how those variables changed over time. MethodsThere were 6,506 public HPV vaccine-related Facebook posts (n = 6,506) within the first ten years after HPV vaccine's FDA approval (June 8, 2006 - June 8, 2016). Post characteristics, engagement, and social amplification of risk framework messages were coded (Krippendorf's alpha range: 0.67–1.00). ResultsHPV vaccine risk amplification messages appeared in 39.5% of posts (n = 2,568), attenuated in 2.9% of post (n = 186), with the remaining 57.7% (n = 3,752) doing neither. Compared to groups, individuals were overrepresented in authoring HPV vaccine risk amplifying messages. Hyperlinks and negative tone towards the HPV vaccine. HPV vaccine risk amplifying messages also received significantly greater reaction (r = 0.050, p < 0.0001), comment (r = 0.030, p < 0.0001), and share counts (r = 0.028, p < 0.0001). The data showed evidence of forward momentum (Durbin-Watson values) of HPV vaccine risk amplification (0.006), related ripples (0.530), and impacts (1.376). ConclusionNearly four out of every ten Facebook posts about the HPV vaccine contained messages that amplified the risk of HPV vaccine and the data suggest that these posts had momentum over time. Research must continue to address the perception of vaccine safety where the vaccine is perceived as the health threat, with deep research into online communities to discover the perceived ripples and impacts.

Hospital bed height influences biomechanics during bed egress: A comparative controlled study of patients with Parkinson disease

Although a significant proportion of patient falls occur during egress from the hospital bed, the biomechanical adaptations during egress from different bed heights are still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hospital bed height on natural transition during egress in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Twelve patients with PD and fourteen healthy elderly adults (HEA) were recruited and the natural transition during egress from three different bed heights (low, medium and high) were recorded for each participant using a motion capture system and force plates. The bed egress time, joint kinematics, ground reaction force and center of mass (CoM) were compared using a two-factor repeated ANOVA to determine the effects of three bed heights and two groups. The results showed that patients with PD had a significantly increased bed egress time, decreased peak of pelvis anterior tilt, hip flexion, and anteroposterior distance between pelvis center and CoM compared to HEA. Additionally, both PD and HEA groups increased the peak of trunk, hip and knee flexions to generate forward CoM momentum and joint torque to rise from a low bed height. These findings indicated that patients with PD invoked a more conservative movement pattern than HEA during egress to improve postural stability. The low bed height increased demands of balance and postural control during egress which exacerbates the risk of falls for patients with PD.

Non-specular scattering of carriers from surface defects in thin metal interconnects

Non-specular scattering of carriers, despite being one of the key contributors to metal film resistivity, is conveniently characterized by a single parameter p (referred to as specularity parameter) in the literature without providing a means to separate out relative contributions of surface defects to it. In this work, we report a theoretical formalism to predict contributions to (non-specular) reflection (scattering) of carriers from different types of chemical and structural defects on the film surface. Establishing specular reflection as a special case of the more generalized reflection from the surface, we show that elastic scatterings contribute to the non-specular reflections by randomizing the forward momentum along the transport direction. We predict density and angle-dependent specularity coefficient for various types of defects and show that large angle reflections tend to be non-specular in the presence of isotropic surface defects. Using this formalism, we predict the probability of specular reflection for technologically relevant metal–metal and metal–insulator interfaces. Calculated specularity coefficients are in agreement with values obtained from experimental measurements. Our methodology will help in designing next generation interconnects and engineering the interfaces with minimal diffuse reflection.

Bernard Williams as a Philosopher of Ethical Freedom

AbstractInterpreting Bernard Williams’s ethical philosophy is not easy. His style is deceptively conversational; apparently direct, yet argumentatively inexplicit and allusive. He is moreover committed to evading ready-made philosophical “-isms.” All this reinforces the already distinct impression that the structure of his philosophy is a web of interrelated commitments where none has unique priority. Against this impression, however, I will venture that the contours of his philosophy become clearest if one considers that there is a single, unchanging root conviction from which his ethical philosophy grows. Despite the perpetual motion of his philosophical thought—its erudition, originality, range, and unceasing forward momentum—still, I contend, there is something unchanging at the heart of it. I will show this by reference to three signature theses: internal reasons, the relativism of distance, and the porous borders of philosophy and history. I will argue that the root conviction of which these are the fruits is the conviction that the constraints of universal rationality seriously underdetermine how one should live. This, I believe, is the vision of the human ethical condition that constitutes the largely inexplicit yet utterly fundamental presupposition beneath Williams’s ethical philosophy taken as a whole. I label the object of this root conviction ethical freedom, and thus portray Williams as a philosopher of ethical freedom.

‘A Walk 21/1/35’: a psychiatric-psychoanalytic fragment meets the new walking studies

This paper reconstructs a fragment of psychiatric-psychoanalytical geography, interfacing it with the ‘new walking studies’, centring on a walk conducted in 1935 by a man experiencing mental health problems in Glasgow, Scotland. This man, a patient of the psychiatrist Thomas Ferguson Rodger, had mobility problems that rendered walking difficult – prone to stumbling, staggering, wavering – but with the likelihood of these problems being psychosomatic in origin. Through analytic sessions enacting a kind of ‘make-do’ psychoanalysis, the patient reflected on his mobility problems, as when relating his own walking ‘experiment’. Explanations advanced for his difficulties mixed psychoanalytic tropes with a gathering self-awareness of how fraught childhood experiences, had created the frame for an adult existence continually shying away from wider encounters and challenges beyond the domestic sphere. Central here was forward momentum being lost, whether walking or advancing through a life-course, with material and metaphoric senses of being stalled or stuck – spatially, environmentally – constantly entraining one another. This case study is deployed to illustrate claims about the ‘worlding’ of psychoanalysis, and to offer provocations for how such a psychiatric-psychoanalytic geography fragment might be illuminated by work on the cultural geographies of walking.

Muscle Contributions to Balance Control During Amputee and Nonamputee Stair Ascent.

Dynamic balance is controlled by lower-limb muscles and is more difficult to maintain during stair ascent compared to level walking. As a result, individuals with lower-limb amputations often have difficulty ascending stairs and are more susceptible to falls. The purpose of this study was to identify the biomechanical mechanisms used by individuals with and without amputation to control dynamic balance during stair ascent. Three-dimensional muscle-actuated forward dynamics simulations of amputee and nonamputee stair ascent were developed and contributions of individual muscles, the passive prosthesis, and gravity to the time rate of change of angular momentum were determined. The prosthesis replicated the role of nonamputee plantarflexors in the sagittal plane by contributing to forward angular momentum. The prosthesis largely replicated the role of nonamputee plantarflexors in the transverse plane but resulted in a greater change of angular momentum. In the frontal plane, the prosthesis and nonamputee plantarflexors contributed oppositely during the first half of stance while during the second half of stance, the prosthesis contributed to a much smaller extent. This resulted in altered contributions from the intact leg plantarflexors, vastii and hamstrings, and the intact and residual leg hip abductors. Therefore, prosthetic devices with altered contributions to frontal-plane angular momentum could improve balance control during amputee stair ascent and minimize necessary muscle compensations. In addition, targeted training could improve the force production magnitude and timing of muscles that regulate angular momentum to improve balance control.

Skepticism as a Means of “Indirect Exposition”: Boris Pasternak and Gustav Shpet

ABSTRACT When we discuss skepticism, we generally mean a certain philosophical movement with a fundamental basis in doubt. At the same time, the history of philosophy gives us another highly productive, methodologically oriented interpretation of skepticism as a psychological state of mind that forces the author to draw a veil over his thoughts. That said, we consider it important that epistemological skepticism, both in its traditional versions and in its modern epistemological conceptions, is not a self-sufficient position. Doubt acquires methodological effectiveness only when, through verbal-conceptual mediation, it brings with it a semiotic-symbolic interpretation of the reality directly given to us. This philosophical-methodological idea, which our article attempts to substantiate, is by no means a universally accepted one. Nevertheless, it was the center of attention for the philosopher Gustav Shpet, who argued for the semiotic-symbolic nature of humanitarian reality, and for the poet Boris Pasternak, who embodied this method of “indirect exposition” in his work. Pasternak attended Shpet’s seminar on Hume, where he emphasized the idea that the forward momentum of cognition is ensured by the skeptical position of the cognizing subject who subjectivizes knowledge. This idea remains relevant today. We believe this is the situation in science as a whole, including even those areas of natural science most divorced from directly accessible experience. These dynamics of methodological standpoints associated with doubt reveal, in an obvious way, their effectiveness in the field of humanitarian knowledge and creativity. To support this argument, our article uses historical-philosophical argumentation based on archival materials.

Aerosol generating procedures, dysphagia assessment and COVID-19: A rapid review.

Aerosol generating procedures, dysphagia assessment and COVID-19: A rapid review.