Topical Gel Formulation Research Articles

Formulation and InVitro Evaluation of Topical Gel for the Treatment of Fungal Infections

Conventional dosage structures are essentially being considered for the therapy of an intense infection or constant sickness. Nonetheless the significant downside is dose structure must be taken over and over to accomplish remedially viable reach coming about change in plasma drug levels. Subsequently to beat the issues related with ordinary measurements structure controlled medication conveyance framework has been presented.The basic concept behind the development of conventional drug delivery system is to increase pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of drug molecule either by using different approaches or modifying molecular structure. This article provides better understanding of how the topical gel penetrates through the skin to treat infections. Topical gel the most promising novel drug delivery system has qualitative influence on the skin permeation and release of drug having poor rate of absorption through skin layers. Various types of topical gels as well as its benefits and faults have been discussed. Bifonazole is a subbed imidazole antifungal specialist belonging to BCS Class IV sedate having low solvency and low porousness. Bifonazole shows wide range of action against dermatophytes molds yeasts dimorphic organisms and some gram-positive microorganisms. It is a profound lipophilic medication with a short half-life 1-2 h and is insignificantly ingested following dermal application 0.6 of an applied portion.

Formulation and evaluation of butenafine loaded PLGA-nanoparticulate laden chitosan nano gel

The present research work is designed to prepare and optimize butenafine (BT) loaded poly lactic co glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (BT-NPs). BT-NPs were prepared by emulsification probe sonication method using PLGA (A), PVA (B) as polymer and stabilizer, respectively. The optimum composition of BT-NPs was selected based on the point prediction method given by the Box Behnken design software. The optimized composition of BT-NPop showed a particle size of 267.21 ± 3.54 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 72.43 ± 3.11%. The optimum composition of BT-NPop was further converted into gel formulation using chitosan as a natural polymer. The prepared topical gel formulation (BT-NPopG) was further evaluated for gel characterization, drug release, permeation study, irritation, and antifungal studies. The prepared BT-NPopG formulation showed optimum pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drug content. The release and permeation study results revealed slow BT release (42.76 ± 2.87%) with significantly enhanced permeation across the egg membrane. The irritation study data showed negligible irritation with a cumulative score of 0.33. The antifungal study results conclude higher activity than marketed as well as pure BT. The overall conclusion of the results revealed BT-NPopG as an ideal delivery system to treat topical fungal infection.

Formulation, evaluation and anti-microbial potential of topical Licorice root extract gel

Formulation, evaluation and anti-microbial potential of topical Licorice root extract gel

Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle Loaded Gel of Curcuma Caesia for Effective Treatment of Acne

Objective: The objective of our research is to prepare silver nanoparticles from the rhizome extract of Curcuma caesia and develop topical herbal gel formulation for the effective treatment of acne.
 Methods: In this present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma caesia rhizome. Silver nanoparticles loaded gels were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro release, estimation of total flavonoids and alkaloid content and antibacterial (propioni bacterium acne) studies.
 Results: The synthesized silver nanoparticles were stable, spherical shape with average particle size of 220.5 nm. The results obtained in the developed formulation showed no lumps, had uniform color dispersion and were free from any fiber and particle. It was also observed to have easy washablity, good spreadability, pH was found to be 6.58±0.02 and 7.02±0.01 similar to pH of the skin. The antibacterial study of the developed formulation showed inhibitory activity against Propioni bacterium acne. Synthesized silver nanoparticle loaded gel displayed drug release of optimized formulation F3 follows the Higuchi kinetic model, and the mechanism is found to be non Fickian/anomalous according to Korsmeyer–Peppas. Silver nanoparticles effectively inhibited the growth of both microorganism indicating good antibacterial properties.
 Conclusion: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Curcuma caesia is a new, green method and not reported yet, as per literature survey done for this project. Successful synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles was proved by the in-vitro study.
 Keywords: Curcuma caesia, Silver nanoparticles, Propioni bacterium acne, Acne, Flavonoids content, Alkaloid content, Antibacterial.

Formulation and Evaluation of Microsponges Gel of Havan Ash for the Treatment of Acne

The aim of this study was to develop the Microsponges containing Havan ash composed gel formulation for the treatment of Acne. Therefore, the topical formulation containing microsponges of Havan Ash will be formulated and evaluated. The preliminary investigation was carried out for the formulation of Havan ash loaded Microsponges by using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method (MSF1-MSF6). In the preformulation studies of Havan ash the physical description and organoleptic properties, pH, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, IR spectroscopy, identification test, rheological study, atomic absorption spectroscopy is also carried out. On the basis of particle size analysis of Microsponges, percentage yield formulation MSF5 containing Microsponges formula was selected for composition of topical gel formulation. Thus the different gel base formulation (G1-G3) using Carbopol-934 (1,1.5,2.0%) was prepared by emulsification method. By considering all the relevant, physicochemical parameters, G2 gel base was selected for further loading of Havan ash containing Microsponges. The MSF5 formulation was loaded into the selected gel base G2 (1.5%). Then the formulation and evaluation of Havan ash microsponges loaded gel was done. The formulation F3 has better results than other 4 formulations. F3 have its appearance silver colour, consistency very good, Grittiness –ve, homogeneity good, wash ability very good, pH 6.3, Spreadabilty (g.cm/sec) 14.4 ± 0.77 7and viscosity (cps) 18251 ± 50.12, have good result of psychometric analysis. With the revealed results by different evaluation parameters, it is concluded that microsponges drug delivery system has become highly competitive and rapidly evolving technology and more research are carrying out to optimize cost-effectiveness and efficacy of the therapy.
 Keywords: Havan ash, Antimicrobial, Microsponges, Acne vulgaris, Topical gel.

The Role of Volume in the Perceptibility of Topical Vaginal Formulations: User Sensory Perceptions and Experiences of Heterosexual Couples During Vaginal Sex.

Users' sensory perceptions and experiences (USPEs; perceptibility) of drug formulations can critically impact product adoption and adherence, especially when products rely on appropriate user behaviors (timing of administration, dosing measurement) for effectiveness. The use of topical gel formulations for effective antihuman immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection (HIV/STI) vaginal microbicides has been associated with messiness and other use-associated challenges, resulting in low adherence. Nonetheless, such formulations remain attractive due to good pharmacokinetics and resulting pharmacodynamics through their volume and surface contact for drug delivery into luminal fluids and mucosa. Consequently, advocates and scientists continue to pursue topical forms [semisolid (e.g., gel, suppository); solid (e.g., film)] to deliver select drugs and offer user choice in HIV/STI prevention. The current data build on previously validated USPE scales evaluating perceptibility of gels with various biophysical/rheological properties. Specifically, increased formulation parameter space adds a new set of properties inherent in quick-dissolving film. We compared film, a product adding no discernable volume to the vaginal environment, to 2 and 3.5 mL hydroxyethyl cellulose gel to consider the impact of volume on user experience. We also examined the USPE scales for evaluation of male sexual partners' experiences. The original USPE scales functioned as expected. Additionally, six new USPE scales were identified in this enhanced parameter space. Significant differences were noted between USPEs in pairwise comparisons, with largest differences between film and high-volume gel. Product developers and behavioral scientists can use these scales to design products, optimizing user experience and maximizing adherence and delivery of efficacious anti-HIV/STI pharmaceuticals. They can be extended to evaluation of additional formulations, devices, and compartments, as well as single- and multipurpose pharmaceuticals. In broader contexts, USPEs could be of value in evaluating formulations and devices to prevent/treat other diseases (e.g., ophthalmologic, dermatologic). Steadfast attention should be given to patient experience, and, where applicable, experiences of partners and/or caregivers.

Topical formulations containing aptamer-functionalized nanocapsules loaded with 5-fluorouracil - An innovative concept for the skin cancer therapy

New topical gel formulations based on sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid containing AS1411 aptamer-functionalized polymeric nanocapsules loaded with an antitumoral drug (5-Fluorouracil) were designed as an innovative approach for the skin cancer treatment. Several important analyses were used to characterize these obtained topical gel formulations, namely: rheological tests, permeation assays across Strat-M® artificial membrane, ex-vivo permeation assays across chicken skin membrane, haemolysis tests, skin irritation tests, in vitro cytotoxicity assay on human basal carcinoma cells and in vivo tests. Rheological tests revealed that apparent viscosity decreases with the increase of the shear rate, for analyzed samples, which demonstrates a shear thinning behavior. Low levels of hemolysis values which ranged between 0.03 and 0.55% suggested that the tested formulations did not induce red blood cell lysis.. The gel formulations containing nanocapsules loaded with 5-FU proved to be non-irritant. Furthermore, by study the ex-vivo diffusion properties across the chicken skin membrane, it was proved that nanoencapsulation enhance the permeability properties of 5-FU. In vitro cytotoxicity assay on TE 354.T (ATCC® CRL-7762™) human basal carcinoma cell line showed that the obtained formulations loaded with 5-Fluorouracil manifest an important cytotoxic effect. Finally, the presence of Langerhans CD68 cells-positive in the epidermis and epithelial sheath of dermal hair follicles suggests a specific activation, migration and retrieval of nanoparticles by these cells. Following the results obtained in this study we can appreciate that the obtained topical gel formulations have a favourable biosafety and good antitumor effects which makes them attractive for skin cancer treatment.

PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE TOPICAL GEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HEMANGIOMA

Objective: To formulate and evaluate propranolol hydrochloride topical gel for overcoming the limitations and low oral bioavailability associated with conventional therapy.
 Methods: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gels were prepared by the cold mechanical method. The preliminary evaluation and further characterisation studies was conducted to find the optimised formulation. The in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were investigated. The histopathological studies and stability studies was also assessed.
 Results: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gel was successfully prepared. The in vitro release of optimized topical propranolol hydrochloride gel formulation (G2) showed the highest cumulative percentage drug release that is, 95.55%±0.15 after 7.5 h. (G2) the formulation showed a higher flux value of 4.61μg/cm2/h. The histopathological study using pig skin revealed that the optimized formulation was found to be safe for topical application.
 Conclusion: The formulated topical gel containing propranolol Hydrochloride seems to be a promising dosage form for enhanced skin delivery of propranolol hydrochloride in treating Infantile Hemangioma.

Efficacy and safety of a new topical gel formulation containing retinol encapsulated in glycospheres and hydroxypinacolone retinoate, an antimicrobial peptide, salicylic acid, glycolic acid and niacinamide for the treatment of mild acne: preliminary results of a 2-month prospective study.

Acne vulgaris is a common and chronic skin disease that impacts on physical and psychological perceptions. Combination therapy with topical retinoids and antimicrobial agent is considered the preferred approach for most of the subjects affected by mild-to-moderate acne. A correct therapeutic management should include a prolonged treatment to ensure therapeutic success and to prevent recurrences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new topical gel formulation that combines retinol encapsulated in glycospheres and hydroxypinacolone retinoate, associated with an anti-microbial peptide (BIOPEP-15) salicylic acid, glycolic acid, and niacinamide as monotherapy in mild acne vulgaris. A 2-month prospective study was conducted at the Unit of Dermatology of the Federico II University. Twenty-five patients aged from 14 to 30 years with mild acne of the face (GAGS score ≤ 18) were consecutively enrolled. Each patient was asked to apply the gel formulation once daily in the evening for 8 weeks. The number of acne lesions with VISIA camera system, the global acne grading system (GAGS) score, trans epidermal water loss (TEWL), skin colorimetry (X-rite Spectrocolorimeter), reflectance confocal microscopy exam were evaluated at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment for each patient. Tolerability and safety of the product were also evaluated. Twenty-five female patients with a median age of 23.4 were enrolled. Twenty-two (88%) completed the 2-month treatment period visits. At baseline the total acne lesion number, mean (SD), was 5.5 (4) and the GAG score 9 (4). A significant (P=0.001) reduction in number of total acne lesions was observed at week 4 (-57%) and at week 8 (-80%). All patients presented a significant reduction of the GAGS score values: -42% at week 4 and -78% at week 8, confirming the clinical efficacy of the product. At baseline TEWL was 10.2 g/m2/h (1.3) and 10.7 (1.4) at week 8, thus showing that the gel did not impair the skin barrier function. Skin colorimetry was significantly (P=0.0015) reduced by the treatment in comparison with baseline (62 vs. 58). Efficacy of the gel formulation was also confirmed with RCM exams, showing a reduction of dermal inflammation and exocytosis, and an improvement of infundibular hyperkeratinization. We observed that adherence to treatment correlated positively with the improvement of the single parameters. Moreover, side effects such as erythema, dryness, and excessive xerosis were not reported, resulting in a complete adherence to the treatment. Our findings provide favorable evidences of the efficacy and safety of this new product as a first line treatment in patients with mild acne, or, as a maintenance therapy for prolonged periods after the suspension of a systemic treatment. Furthermore, the tolerability of this topical product and the absence of any side effects increased the adherence to the therapy.

Development, characterization and evaluation of nanocarrier based formulations of antipsoriatic drug “acitretin” for skin targeting

Acitretin, a 2nd generation retinoid, is a drug of choice for the treatment of severe psoriasis. Presently, only capsule formulation for oral administration is commercially available and associated with limitations of severe systemic side effects. In the present study, carrier elastic liposomal and ethosomal based topical gel formulations were developed, optimized, and characterized in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo to provide effective skin targeting of acitretin. In-vitro characterization exhibited nanometric vesicle size range (591 ± 16 and 360 ± 14 nm), high encapsulation efficacy (94.7 ± 2.1% and 91.2 ± 1.6%), optimum viscosity (1152 and 1320 cP), thixotropic behavior and good storage stability of the developed formulation. Ex-vivo skin permeation and deposition studies carried on four different biological membranes (rat, mice, porcine ear, and human cadaver skin) showed higher skin deposition of prepared carrier-based gels in comparison to plain acitretin gel. Better skin localization potential was also confirmed by mechanistic studies using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. In-vivo antipsoriatic activity demonstrated the better therapeutic efficacy of carrier-based formulations. Thus, developed formulation seems to be a safe and promising alternative to oral route for effective topical delivery of acitretin with improved pharmacological activity and no systemic toxicity.

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Gel Using Avocado Extract

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Gel Using Avocado Extract

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Herbal Gel for Rheumatoid Arthritis using some Medicinal Plants

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Herbal Gel for Rheumatoid Arthritis using some Medicinal Plants

Impact of a Topical Anaesthesia Wound Management Formulation on Pain, Inflammation and Reduction of Secondary Infections after Tail Docking in Lambs.

Simple SummaryTail docking is routinely conducted in sheep husbandry around the world, often without anaesthesia or analgesia despite recognition that it is a painful process. Several methods are used, although the Council of Europe states that surgical methods with anaesthesia should be used to dock the tail, with these recommendations copied into national legislation by most European countries. However, no studies have been documented comparing the use of general anaesthesia and stitching. This study compared different surgical approaches with and without general anaesthesia, and with and without surgical stitching, plus examined the efficacy of applying a commercially available wound gel spray containing topical anaesthetics and an antiseptic, immediately on tail amputation. Results demonstrated that lambs display more pain when the surgery included stitching and these wounds became more readily infected, potentially requiring antibiotic therapy. As the generation of potential antimicrobial resistance and drug residues issues in food-producing animals from over-use of antibiotics is an emerging one health consideration, the availability of a topical anaesthetic formulation that provides pain relief and contains an antiseptic that reduces secondary infections and hasten wound healing, is of potential importance for improving husbandry procedures such as tail docking.We examined several procedures for surgical tail docking; with and without general anaesthesia (GA), including the use of a topical wound gel formulation to provide pain relief (PR) and improve healing after surgery, containing local anaesthetics lignocaine and bupivacaine, with cetrimide and adrenalin. Forty-four lambs were recruited into four equal cohorts: Groups A and C, the tail was excised with a scalpel without anaesthesia or stitches; Groups B and D, the tail was surgically excised and stitched under GA; Groups C and D wounds were immediately sprayed with PR. Behavioural observations identified that Groups A and C displayed significantly less pain-related behaviours than Groups B and D shortly after the procedure, especially if treated with PR. Similarly, the mean of days when animals showed no signs of wound infection was longer in the groups not undergoing stitching. Finally, treatment with PR appeared to reduce the cortisol response and avoided the elevation of serum amyloid A in lambs where the tail was excised without general anaesthesia. In conclusion, surgical tail-docking without GA but where wounds are immediately sprayed with PR, appears as an affordable and more welfare-appropriate method for conducting tail docking in lambs.

Stabilization of ferulic acid in topical gel formulation via nanoencapsulation and pH optimization

Ferulic acid is a potent anti-oxidant with scientifically proven skin care efficacies. However, instability of this active in the skin care products restricted its wide application in beauty and skin care industries. This study aimed to stabilize ferulic acid in topical hydrogel formulation via nanoencapsulation technique. Ferulic acid loaded nanocapsules were prepared via high pressure homogenization method and physicochemically characterized. Mean particle size of ferulic acid loaded nanocapsules was < 300 nm. TEM and SEM images exhibited spherical particles with smooth surface. DSC and XRD results indicated that ferulic acid was completely dissolved in the lipid matrix of the nanocapsules and remained in amorphous form. Two types of hydrogel formulations containing ferulic acid loaded nanocapsules were prepared: Gel A with pH higher and Gel B with pH lower than pKa of ferulic acid. Cross-polarized microscopic image of the gel formulations did not show presence of any un-encapsulated and un-dissolved crystal. Gel B showed slower and controlled release of ferulic acid than Gel A. Ferulic acid permeation through skin mimic from the gel formulation demonstrated controlled permeation. Color stability of the gel and chemical stability of ferulic acid were very good in Gel B, while poor in Gel A (although significantly better than the gel with un-encapsulated ferulic acid). The result clearly indicates that together with nanoencapsulation, low pH (less than pKa of ferulic acid) of the hydrogel was crucial for both product appearance and chemical stability of ferulic acid. In fact, it has been proved that skin care product with low pH is good for skin as it can maintain skin homeostasis and microbiome. Furthermore, the permeation result suggests that ferulic acid may penetrate into deep skin layers and at the same time avoid systemic circulation. Overall, this low pH hydrogel formulation containing nanoencapsulated ferulic acid demonstrates great promise for commercialization.

Simultaneous Determination of Thiocolchicoside and Diclofenac Diethyl Ammonium in Topical Gel Formulation by Square Wave Voltammetric Method

A rapid, simple, sensitive, precise and specific square wave voltammetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Thiocolchicoside (TC) and Diclofenac diethyl ammonium (DDA) in topical gel formulation. The combination of TC and DDA have synergetic action on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other related conditions. The optimum conditions were obtained in Britton–Robinson buffer pH 3.00 for electroreduction at hanging mercury drop electrode. Well-defined peaks were observed for TC at –0.85 V, and for DDA at –1.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl/4.6 M KCl. Under optimum conditions, the linear response ranges for determination of TC and DDA were 1.07–24.2 µM and 5.64–45.8 µM, with detection limits of 0.54 and 3.25 µM, respectively. The electrochemical behaviors of the substances such as current type and reversibility of the electrode reactions were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. The reduction mechanisms were also proposed. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The developed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of TC and DDA in topical gel formulation including binary mixtures. The excipients present in the formulation did not interfere with the assay. The method is suitable for application in quality-control laboratories, because it is simple and rapid with high accuracy and precision.

P-08-18 The Clinical Evaluation of Topical Gel Formulations in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

P-08-18 The Clinical Evaluation of Topical Gel Formulations in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Gel Formulation of Nabumetone and a Newly Synthesized Analog: Microemulsion as a Photoprotective Topical Delivery System.

Photostability studies were performed on topical formulations containing the anti-inflammatory drug Nabumetone and an analog newly synthesized in order to achieve better photostability and pharmacokinetic profile. Stability tests, according to the International Conference on Harmonization rules, were applied on ethanol solutions and topical gel formulations of both compounds. The photodegradation profiles were monitored by Multivariate curve resolution applied to the UV spectral data. The inclusion of the compounds in microemulsion was investigated to improve light stability and, at the same time, to ensure a sustained release system for skin delivery. All the formulations in solution, gel, microemulsion, and microemulsion-in-gel were exposed to a forced irradiation of 350 W/m2, corresponding to a 21 kJ/m2 min, for up to 300 min. Photostability increased significantly for both drugs in the liquid microemulsion and microemulsion-in-gel, compared to the ethanol solution and plain gel, reaching a residual drug of 97% and 98% for Nabumetone and analog in microemulsion-in-gel, respectively. Permeation experiments on the microemulsion-in-gel showed a better performance of the analog formulated at 0.2%, compared to the same formulation of Nabumetone at 0.7%. These results highlight the potential of the designed matrices as delayed drug delivery systems along with the use of lower drug doses leading to reduced side effects.

Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Topical Gel of Ibuprofen

The present research work is based on the formulation and evaluation of topical gel of Ibuprofen where Carbopol 940 is used as the polymer. Gels were prepared by dispersing the polymers in a mixture of water and glycerol with methyl paraben as the preservative and the varying amount of ibuprofen, being kept under magnetic stirring until the homogeneous dispersion was formed. The dispersion was then neutralized and made viscous by the addition of triethanolamine. The Carbopol gels of Ibuprofen were found to be homogenous with good drug loading. The pH of all the gel formulations was found within the neutral pH range which is compatible with skin. And the viscosity of the formulations was found to be feasible for topical drug delivery. The drug content of the three formulations was found in the range of 87.56% to 90.45% which shows efficient drug loading. Results of In vitro drug release study showed that F5 formulation has better diffusion of drug through egg membrane and hence further permeation studies were carried out through rat epidermis. The compatibility study showed that the major peaks in FTIR spectra of the pure drug were found to be intact in their physical mixture. Hence there is no interaction between drug and Carbopol in their physical mixture. Carbopol can be effectively used as the polymer for topical gel preparation. And F5 formulation containing 0.5 % w/w Carbopol 940 may be effectively used as topical transdermal delivery for Ibuprofen.&#x0D; Keywords: Ibuprofen, Transdermal Gel, Drug release, Compatibility study

Formulation and Evaluation of Proniosomal Topical Antifungal Gel of Miconazole Nitrate

Proniosomal gel formulations of miconazole nitrate (MCZ) were prepared by using combinations of different grades of (non-ionic surfactant) span, cholesterol, and lecithin by coacervation phase separation method. Developed 10 proniosomal gel formulations were characterized for particle size, shape, % entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro drug permeation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DSC, stability study. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirmed the compatibility of the drug with excipients. The results showed that all the formulations were pale yellow to pale brown in color, pH was is in the range of 5.60 to 7.20, and encapsulation efficiency was found is in the range of 83 to 91.25% and particle size in between 5.81 ± 0.2 to 07.52 ± 0.07. Among the ten formulations MF2, MF3, MF5, MF6, and MF8 showed maximum drug release in a controlled manner at 12 hours of study and developed into carbopol proniosomal topical gel and evaluated for ex-vivo drug permeation. Formulationoptimized formulation C5MF8 showed higher drug permeation 74.19 ± 0.16% at 12 hr. with a flux valueof 6.829 ± 0.12 μg/cm2 /hr. The permeability coefficient of 0.341 ±0.08 cm2 /hrs., higher correlation coefficient R2 0.9944 for zero-order drug release kinetic model, and follows zero-order release kinetics. Among the 5 formulations, optimized carbopol proniosomal topical gel formulation C5MF8 drug release and in-vitro antifungal activity was compared with marketed formulation cream.C5MF8 showed sustain drug release and zone of inhibition value was very near to marketed preparation. Hence it was concluded that developed carbopol proniosomal topical gel had the potential to act as a controlled release drug carrier,which sustains the drug release for many hours and exhibit good antifungal activity

Cyclodextrins in topical gel formulation as photoprotective system for Nabumetone

Photostability studies applied on aqueous solutions of Nabumetone, an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, have confirmed the sensitivity to light of this compound, revealing the 6-methoxy-naphthalene-aldehyde as the main photoproduct. In this work, the stability of NA-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes was investigated in gel formulation potentially suitable as sustained-release systems. The photodegradation experiments were realized under stressed conditions according to the ICH rules and monitored by spectrophotometry. The spectral data were processed by Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR), able to estimate spectra and concentration profiles of the components involved in the kinetic process. NA entrapped in cyclodextrin and formulated in solution and gel preparations were exposed to an irradiance power of 350 W/m2. Encapsulation percentage of the drug in several cyclodextrins was measured, recording an increase of the water solubility in the order hpβCD>mβCD>βCD. No significant photoprotection of NA was measured in aqueous solution. On the contrary, the gel containing the hpPCD-complex showed relevant stability. The photoprotective ability of this formulation was further increased by adding ascorbic acid 2%, still detecting 90% of the starting concentration after 90 min of light exposure.