Form Of Social Assistance Research Articles

MODEL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA JANDA-JANDA (Studi Kasus Persaudaraan Janda-Janda Indonesia “Armalah” di DIY)

Abstract: Widowhood is a disadvantaged social status. Widows must bear the burden of their lives and their children. Widowhood can cause a severe psychological shock which leads them to solve the problem in shortcut ways. The research problem of this study is how the implementation of Islamic education in PJJI “Armalah” isand how about its implications, supporting factors and the obstacles. It is a field study with a case study approach. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analysed using qualitative descriptive. The results of the study show that for educational material: 1) Theocentric models, it is in the form of training in reading the Koran, sending blessings upon the Prophet, prayers, religious lecturing, worship training, and guidance of Husnul Khatimah. 2) Theocentric humanist model, it is in the form of social assistance, spiritual tourism, PHBI, Ramadan fasting, qurban practice, health guidance, economic independence, mediation of finding the mates and giving advocacy. The implications are PJJI “Armalah” can improve the ability of Qur’an recitation, economic independence, remarried widows, and health maintenance. The supporting factors are members’ interest, the number of retirees, doctoral degree gained, and strategic offices. The inhibited factors are the distance of residence, elderly, heterogeneity of religious understanding, and the lack of experts in technology.

A FAMILY WITH MANY PROBLEMS IN THE SOCIAL SUPPORT SYSTEM

The contemporary family is subject to significant transformations, which forces its members to adapt in new conditions of social functioning. Changing socio-economic conditions, difficult financial situation, helplessness, occurrence of addictions and social pathologies often make families unable to properly fulfill their tasks and functions. Social support can refer to taking action in any difficult situation in which a person is - a family who can not cope independently under the circumstances. The family is one of the most important values in human life, therefore the possibilities of its support should be broad, varied and generally available.The aim of the study is to present selected aspects and forms of social support for the family, which experiences many problems in everyday functioning. Supportive activities concern, among other things: the form of social assistance that the family will receive in the light of legal acts, the types of benefits a family can get in a difficult life situation and diversified forms of assistance and support from specialists for working with family - social workers and family assistants. The study uses the method of analysis of existing data (desk research), the research has been given a diagnostic and descriptive character. In the presented article, the analysis covered the subject literature on the subject matter covered, applicable legal acts, statistics, government reports and reports on social assistance benefits. The collected material was supplemented by an expert interview conducted with social workers and family assistant. Undertaken assistance activities should support families not only in the traditional social role, but also be open to the dynamics of socio-economic and cultural changes and new areas requiring assistance. Therefore, when undertaking supporting activities, one should focus both on preventing negative phenomena that may threaten the proper functioning of the family and effectively eliminate the effects of their occurrence.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENERIMA BANTUAN KELUARGA HARAPAN KHUSUS LANSIA DENGAN MENERAPKAN VIKOR (STUDI KASUS: DESA PATUMBAK II)

The development of Indonesia's population at this time is very rapid so that Indonesia has many problems including poverty problems that occur in the midst of society. In dealing with these problems the government has a program with a form of social assistance known today as the Elderly Family Hope Program (PKH). In accordance with the Decree of the Director General of Social Protection and Security Number 26 / LJS / 12/2016 in terms of social assistance the Recipients are those that have been determined by the Director General of Social Family. As well as in the Distribution this assistance is distributed in four stages one Year. Decision Support System is a computer-based system consisting of several components, namely language system components, system components of knowledge, and problem processing system components that are interrelated with one another, in making decisions through the use of data. data and decision models in order to solve a problem. The VIKOR method where this method focuses on ranking and chooses from an alternative set and determines the solution to the problem of criteria that are constrained and can result in decision making as a final decision and the best ranking method is the lowest resultKeywords: Decision Support System, Vikor, Recipient of Family Hope Assistance

Upaya Pemberdayaan Subak Umabun sebagai Lembaga Agribisnis di Desa Angantaka Kecamatan Abiansemal Kabupaten Badung

Measuring Empowerment Subak Umabun As Agribusiness Board at VillageAngantaka Abiansemal Badung District
 Research efforts empowerment subak as agribusiness board aims to boost the economyand the welfare of farmers, so that the culture of agriculture demand and not abandonedby society, particularly Subak Umabun. This study aims to (1) identify the potentialSubak Umabun related to natural resources, human resources and financial resources,(2) To know the efforts made to empower the board to Subak Umabun agribusiness.This research was conducted at Subak Umabun, the number of respondents 75 peopleappointed by the formula slovin, data that is used structured interviews and in-depthinterviews.The results showed that the potential of Subak Umabun aspects of naturalresources, human resources and financial resources are classified with an average scoreof 3,19. Further empowerment undertaken by Subak Umabun are classified by score of3,21. And the last institution in agribusiness Subak Umabun high achievement score of3,68. Based on these results, it is recommended to the government through theDepartment of Agriculture, Plantation and Forestry Badung need to deepen the study ofthis kind, so that the programs formulated by the government not only in the form ofsocial assistance

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF READINESS OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY

The article deals with the issue of the readiness of students of the specialty «Social Work» for the scientific research activity. It is substantiated that the readiness of a specialist for scientific research activity is a determining part of one’s professional competence. It is noted that researches in social work are carried out in order to understand the individual, interpersonal and wider social or structural problems in society, as well as their implications. They include assessment of the needs and resources of people in their environments and changing contexts of their lives, provision of information for the development and implementation of policies, programs and services, especially for vulnerable groups, forecasting of the consequences of the social interventions, evaluation of the effectiveness of various forms of social assistance, search for innovative methods as well as the methods of provision of social support. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of readiness of future social workers for scientific research activity. Objectives of the research: to find out the essence and the structure of the readiness of social workers for scientific research activity; to analyze the state of readiness of students for scientific research activity. Methods of research: analysis, synthesis, generalization (was used to clarify the nature and components of the readiness of social workers for scientific research activity), questionnaires (was used to determine the state of formation of individual components of students’ readiness for scientific research activity), the method of expert assessments (was used during the evaluation of scientific works of students). As a result of the research, it has been established that the majority of students demonstrated insufficient level of formation of individual research skills. In particular, different difficulties were present in the process of planning and carrying out the scientific research work (theoretical or experimental), as well as in the process of implementation of integrated analysis of the research and its corresponding registration. It is noted that students need to improve their theoretical basis in the field of scientific research work and to develop their research skills through the development and implementation of the system of training of social workers for scientific research activity in the higher school.

Do donors matter most? An analysis of conditional cash transfer adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cash transfers, both conditional and unconditional, have become increasingly popular in emerging economies, but relatively little research investigates the types of countries most likely to adopt this form of social assistance. A notable exception is a study by Brooks, which concludes that conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are more likely to be adopted by divided governments and in places where neighbouring, democratic countries have already implemented them. This comparative research tests Brooks’ findings in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and finds that they largely do not apply. Instead, programme funder is offered as a better explanation of cash transfer adoption in SSA from 1990 to 2011. The results show that CCTs are adopted in poor African countries with financial support from the World Bank, while unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) are adopted across a range of countries with the support of various donors. This research contributes to the literature by showing quantitatively that donor support may be more important than some domestic factors, such as bureaucratic capacity, for understanding CCT implementation in SSA.

Social Cash Transfers: Some Underlying Debates and Implications for Policy Making

Social cash transfers as a strategy for poverty reduction acquired prominence in Latin America but spread later to the rest of the developing world because earlier poverty reduction strategies did not make many gains. Most studies on cash transfer schemes seem tilted towards evaluating their impacts while neglecting the arguments surrounding their design and operations. As such, this paper reviews some of the debates that engulf social cash transfers as a form of social assistance. The review showed that debates about social cash transfers generally centre on targeting, affordability, conditionalities, poverty reduction ability, utilisation of cash, market effect, cash versus food stamp, and dependency. It is concluded that the debates are crucial as they lay the pedestal upon which policy makers take the decision as to whether to set up, change or end an existing cash transfer programme. Keywords : Social, Cash, Transfer, Debate, Poverty, Conditional

English

Volunteer tourism is viewed by most people as exploitation in the form of social assistance, and events are held to attract tourists’ attention; because of this authentic experiences for tourists have been lost. The objective of this research is to study the context of Volunteer Tourism management by non-government organizations (NGOs) in the northeastern region of Thailand. This research, however, objects to these previous beliefs owing to the extent of involvement of the NGOs. They have operated closer to the communities and focused on the value that tourists obtain, rather than taking advantage of the benefits that can result from volunteer activities. Tourism management is based on authenticity. A volunteer tourism program - stemming from the communities’ needs, builds up a relationships with them by providing tourists with real information therefore, tourists have a freedom to travel. These steps help make the work of NGOs easier, as “frontage creation” fades away gradually. New perceptions of tourism, seamlessly adding value to communities and meaningful experiences for tourists have thus been created. Key words: Authenticity, tourism experience, NGOs management, volunteer tourism, community.

Looking for an emergency door

Purpose – The paper investigates the role of information asymmetries and sensegiving processes of citizens claiming for social services. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relevance of applicants’ agency, since it has been generally neglected in the analysis of social services provision. On the contrary, the paper proposes an alternative view, considering applicants as actors who are able to develop dialectic strategies for claiming specific forms of social assistance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a qualitative research, conducted following an inductive approach. The data have been collected in three different Italian municipalities, where the researcher has been the opportunity to perform a period of observation of the interviews between the social workers of the local social services department and the citizens applying for social assistance. Findings – The findings of the research point out that informational asymmetries play an ambivalent role in the definition of applicant’s strategies, since they represent an ambivalent and dynamic factor, rather than a mere source of disadvantage for the user. From this viewpoint, the citizens’ possibilities to access to social assistance are shaped by both institutional and dialectic factors: on the one hand, access to social assistance relies on specific criteria of eligibility (institutionally defined), but on the other hand the access is the outcome of situated sensegiving processes, performed by both the applicants and the gatekeepers of social services during their encounters. Research limitations/implications – The research is based on the analysis of a small number of cases, within a context that is characterized by a high level of organizational and professional discretion in the regulation of the provision of social assistance. Practical implications – The findings of the research urge policy maker to re-consider applicants as strategic actors and opens the space for the development of new options of regulation of the delivery of social services. Social implications – The paper suggests to consider the applicants for social services as people who, although in a condition of need, are capable to identify specific forms of assistance. From this point of view, informational asymmetries are not be considered as a stigmatic issue, but as a space which calls for further and less superficial investigation. Originality/value – The paper challenges some of the most taken-for-granted theoretical assumptions in the analysis of the regulation of the access to social assistance. First, it proposes a dynamic interpretation of the notion of informational asymmetries, considering them as a space for action, rather than a binding factor; second, it emphasizes the relevance of user’s agency in the access to welfare services, that is generally neglected since most analyses focus on professional discretion disregarding the hypothesis of the user as a strategic actor.

Indonesia’s Gasoline Subsidy Cut, Road Availability and Their Impact on Micro and Small Industry Productivity

Gasoline subsidy is part of the energy subsidies program that has contributed a significant fiscal burden on the government of Indonesia. A radical gasoline subsidy reform was initially announced on 31 December 2014 and implemented as of January 2015. The reform was designed to restrict fossil-fuel subsidies becoming a liability in future budgets by entirely removing the subsidy on Premium (RON 88) gasoline. Although energy subsidy is perceived as a form of social assistance, many of Indonesia’s energy subsidies are found benefiting higher income groups excessively, because of a lack of distribution strategy. Up to now, no detailed studies had yet been published about the impact of the June 2013 price reforms for gasoline on micro-small industries. Therefore the likely impact of January 2015 entire subsidy removal on Premium gasoline and followed by infrastructure development remains unknown. In this study, panel data observation was conducted to study combinations of time-series data (2010-2013) and cross-sectional data (23 subsectors industry). Therefore, the research outcomes are expected to give more informative data, more variability, less collinearity among variables, more degrees of freedom and more efficiency. According to observation, 17 out of 23 micro-small industry’s subsectors would still positively grow their production indices during reduction gasoline subsidy and less rapid new road development. There are three recommendations that would like to be proposed to the government based on the outcome of the observation. First, the Indonesian government should reallocate a proportion of the gasoline subsidy funds for the development of infrastructure such as roads especially in rural areas where the majority of micro-small industries are located and marketing their products. Second, the government has to provide technical as well as financial assistance for improving energy efficiency and modernizing production systems. Third, the government must support feasible micro-small industries by increasing accessibility to bank financing. Two recommendations are suggested to micro-small industries players. Firstly, immediate action to minimize impact subsidy removal. Secondly, observe a long term anticipation of higher energy prices by actively consulting to the government related organizations, universities, larger enterprises, and non-governmental organizations. As final points, recommendations to society are buying micro-small industries’ products or services, transferring knowledge of technologies to micro-small industries and conducting researches related to micro-small sectors.

I mercati del lavoro e il regime (scomposto) di welfare in America Latina

This article deploys a welfare regime approach to examine changes in social policy in Latin America since the lost decade. Before the lost decade the welfare regime in Latin America could best be described as conservative/informal. It was truncated because the main welfare institutions, social insurance and employment protection, did not extend beyond workers in formal employment. The article shows that the structure of the labour market was the main stratification device, and argues that labour market liberalization and new forms of social assistance are producing a shift towards a liberal-informal welfare regime, hyphenated rather than truncated.

Social Support Substitution and the Earnings Rebound: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity in Disability Insurance Reform

In this paper, we exploit a cohort discontinuity in the stringency of the 1993 Dutch disability reforms to obtain causal estimates of the effects of decreased generosity of disability insurance (DI) on behavior of existing DI recipients. We find evidence of substantial “social support substitution”: individuals on average offset a euro of lost DI benefits by collecting 31 cents more from other social assistance programs. This benefit-substitution effect declines somewhat over time, but is still a significant 20% eight years later. Individuals also exhibit a strong rebound in earnings: labor earnings increase by 62 cents on average per euro of lost DI benefits. This is novel evidence of substantial remaining earnings capacity in a sample of long-term claimants of DI. On average, individuals make up for almost the entire DI benefit reduction through increases in other forms of social assistance and in labor earnings.

The impact of the global financial crisis on social protection in developing countries

AbstractThe global financial crisis has had a devastating effect on poverty levels in developing countries, and the social protection response to date, in the form of social assistance, has been limited, constrained by the weak systems and low coverage of pre‐existing provision. Developing countries have struggled to honour pre‐crisis social protection policy commitments due to declining revenues, and in this context the potential for expanding coverage to assist those further impoverished and the “new poor” are remote. Despite the expansionary fiscal stance adopted by many developing countries, the focus of policy responses to the crisis has been on protecting and stimulating growth. The focus has not been on social protection provision to assist the poor directly. Where social protection interventions have been made they have, in many cases, been limited to ad hoc and often regressive interventions such as generalized food or fuel subsidies, rather than more systemic and pro‐poor interventions. However, there may be some scope for optimism, as the crisis has stimulated a number of initiatives to promote donor coordination and programming coherence, which may result in improvements in the efficiency and impact of future social protection programming.

New Forms of Social Assistance and the Evolution of Social Protection in Latin America

AbstractThis article discusses the evolution of social protection in Latin America and proposes a conceptualisation and contextualisation of new forms of social assistance. It begins by outlining the main features of social protection prior to the ‘lost decade’ of the 1980s and the changes enforced by crises and structural adjustment. It then focuses on the new forms of social assistance emerging in the region, especially conditional and unconditional income transfers and integrated anti-poverty programmes. The article draws out their common features, identifies possible underlying conceptual frameworks, and places their introduction and evolution within the broader context of the new dynamics of poverty and vulnerability in the region.

Labour markets and the (hyphenated) welfare regime in Latin America

This article deploys a welfare regime approach to examine changes in social policy in Latin America since the ‘lost decade’. Before the ‘lost decade’ the welfare regime in Latin America could best be described as ‘conservative/informal’. It was ‘truncated’ because the main welfare institutions, social insurance and employment protection, did not extend beyond workers in formal employment. The article shows that the structure of the labour market was the main stratification device, and argues that labour-market liberalization and new forms of social assistance are producing a shift towards a ‘liberal-informal’ welfare regime, ‘hyphenated’ rather than ‘truncated’.

The Break-Up of the Poor Laws— German Style: Progressivism and the Origins of the Welfare State, 1900–1918

While the 1834 New Poor Law and the controversies over its reform represent one of the central threads in every narrative of the history of modern Britain, the same can hardly be said of the German poor laws, whose history is far less known. This is due in large part to a historiographical tradition that sees the Bismarckian social insurance programs as the fons et origo of the German welfare state and thus marginalizes all forms of social assistance that can not be neatly fitted into the narrative pre-history or subsequent development of these programs. This contrasts with a British tradition where, as E. P. Hennock has recently argued, national insurance was primarily conceived as a means of poor law reform, and where the poor laws figure prominently in the historiography of the welfare state. On the other hand, this insurance-centered approach to the welfare state is not entirely to blame because, for their part, historians of poor relief have not been able to establish any positive connections between individualized, subsidiary, deterrent relief and social insurance or social security systems based on rights deriving from either contributions or citizenship.

Meaning of the Family-Cap Policy for Poor Women: Contraceptive and Fertility Decision-Making

ABSTRACT In 1996 the US Congress enacted welfare reform legislation. In addition to new lifetime time limits and work requirements for those receiving cash and other forms of social assistance, the states could impose policies pertaining to reproductive-related behaviors of poor women. One such policy is the so-called “family-cap,” which denies additional income support to poor women who have a baby while receiving cash assistance; 24 states have implemented such policies. The ostensible goal of the policy is to limit fertility among current cash assistance recipients. This pilot study sought to explore whether poor women in a family-cap state (NJ) base their reproductive decisions on welfare policies and/or economic factors. We conducted combined quantitative and qualitative interviews with 32 current and former welfare recipients in both urban and rural sections of the state. The main questions were whether women knew about the family-cap policy, if it influenced their reproductive decision-making, and, if so, in what direction? We found that most women were not aware of the policy and did not view it as relevant to their reproductive-related decisions. These findings raise the issue as to whether the family-cap is working as policymakers intended, and support further examination of the consequences of potentially increased economic hardship on already-poor families.

The Right to Social Security of People Living With HIV/AIDS in the Context of Public-Sector Provision of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

The Social Assistance Act 13 of 2004 and its attendant Regulations establish criteria for the award of grants to people who by virtue of their disability cannot be employed. In terms of these criteria, a person with HIV/AIDS receiving a disability grant, who manages her condition with Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), will no longer meet the criteria for this form of social assistance. The disability grant is often the only source of income for such a person and, in many instances, for her extended family. A number of people living with HIV/AIDS whose health has improved because of HAART are thus placed in the distressing situation of having to choose between income and health — certainly a dreadful dilemma. This article considers the constitutionality of the Social Assistance Act and its Regulations by evaluating its provisions against s 27(1)(c) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Possible responses to the dilemma are considered in relation to the Bill of Rights, existing government policy and socio-economic rights jurisprudence.

From Rice Bowl to Safety Net: Insecurity and Social Protection during China’s Transition

Alongside economic growth, inequality and insecurity have increased rapidly in China. Groups formerly excluded from the security of the ‘iron rice bowl’ are now excluded from new forms of social assistance, often designed to compensate those losing livelihood guarantees. There is thus a need for new safety–net measures, both to assist the most vulnerable and least secure members of society throughout the transition, and to enhance their longer–term security. This article argues that compensatory arrangements can be effective only alongside a complementary set of social protection policies including increased investment in human resources. Better–designed interventions could strengthen rather than undermine existing informal safety nets, and allow an expanded role for nongovernmental organisations in social protection.

La città e i poveri: Milano e le terre lombarde dal Rinascimento all'età spagnola ed. by Danilo Zardin

La citta e i poveri: Milano e le terre lombarde dal Rinascimento all'eta spagnola. Edited by Danilo Zardin. [Edizioni Universitarie Jaca, Vol. 100.] (Milan:Jaca Book. 1995. Pp. 431.) This volume contains, besides the introduction by the editor, fifteen papers first presented at a conference in Milan in 1992. It is a particularly felicitous achievement for at least three reasons. First, it has the advantage of focusing on a specific locality, a locality extraordinarily rich in historical sources, and of approaching it from a variety of perspectives. This assures depth in coverage and also helps forestall facile generalizations from just one kind of evidence. Second, it is a good example of integration of the study of religion, literature, economics, and politics. Third, although the contributors are with the exception of Brian Pullan not well known outside Italy, they are all skilled practitioners of our metier, beginning with the editor, Danilo Zardin, who provides a fine overview of the volume in his introduction. The importance of the subject can hardly be overestimated, for it is still with us in our cities today. Sad to say, there is little indication that we handle it better than did early modern Italians. Even given the greater complexity of the urban situation today, there is some indication that we handle it worse. In any case, the subject has also been of keen interest historiographically ever since Pullan's groundbreaking Rich and Poor in Venice (1971), in which he challenged the sharp contrast historians drew between Protestant and Catholic poor relief. As the dean of such studies, Pullan's contribution on poverty, charity, and new forms of social assistance from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century is, therefore, of special interest and weight. He cautions against drawing too firm a line of demarcation between late medieval and early modern attitudes and practices in these regards and also against doing the same between Protestants and Catholics. Nonetheless, differences there were, and in the latter case he points specifically to the continuation of confraternities within Catholic territories, once again vindicating recent scholarship on the utterly crucial but long-forgotten role these institutions played in almost every aspect of Catholic culture. Confraternities appear passim in any number of articles, for, besides being an institution in their own right, they funded or otherwise supported other institutions or themselves developed into different ones. For that reason Angelo Bianchi's article on the Somascans is especially illuminating. From what amounted originally to a confraternity gathered around Gerolamo Miani that created the first orphanages, as distinct from foundling homes, it devolved into a religious order. …