Form Of Resistance Research Articles

Multiple Forms of Resistance to the Phomopsis Stem Canker Pathogens Diaporthe helianthi and D. gulyae in Sunflower.

Phomopsis stem canker of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) can be caused by multiple necrotrophic fungi in the genus Diaporthe, with Diaporthe helianthi and D. gulyae being the most common causal agents in the United States. Infection begins at the leaf margins and proceeds primarily through the vasculature, progressing from the leaf through the petiole to the stem, resulting in formation of brown stem lesions centered around the petiole. Sunflower resistance to Phomopsis stem canker is quantitative and genetically complex. Due to the intricate disease process, resistance is possible at different stages of infection, and multiple forms of defense may contribute to the overall level of quantitative resistance. In this study, sunflower lines exhibiting field resistance to Phomopsis stem canker were evaluated for stem and leaf resistance to multiple isolates of D. helianthi and D. gulyae in greenhouse experiments, and responses to the two species were compared. Additionally, selected resistant and susceptible lines were evaluated for petiole transmission resistance to D. helianthi. Lines with distinct forms of resistance were identified, and results indicated that responses to stem inoculation were strongly correlated (Spearman's coefficient 0.598, P < 0.001) for the two fungal species, while leaf responses were not (Spearman's coefficient 0.396, P = 0.076). These results provide a basis for genetic dissection of distinct forms of sunflower resistance to Phomopsis stem canker and will facilitate combining different forms of resistance to potentially achieve durable control of this disease in sunflower hybrids.

Everyday sociality, political protest and the commodity boundary in southern Africa

ABSTRACT This paper takes a sceptical look at the treatment of connected practices of commodification and consumption in some exemplary works of mainstream critical social theory that seek to identify cross-contextual historical logics linking economic action to socio-political life. Drawing on situated research from South and southern Africa that helps to complicate our understanding of these links, it argues that many influential claims in the mainstream critical literature remain poorly substantiated and pass silently over vast provinces of complex, situated thought and action. When analysing how markets function, recurrent critical tropes of highly manipulable consumer desire suffer from a tendency to argue by simple fiat, while also abstracting out the historically shifting forms of moral and legal regulation mediating commodification and consumption on most real-world markets. This paper also makes a case for greater scepticism towards categorical associations between market action and the reproduction of socio-political dispositions of power. Consumer behaviour undeniably can shore up distinction and domination, but it has often also been observed to tamper with them by indirect means, while concentrated consumer initiatives in the form of boycotts remain an under-theorised and largely forgotten form of resistance within mainstream critical social theory.

Molecular complexity of quantitative immunity inplants: from QTL mapping to functional and systems biology.

In nature, plants defend themselves against pathogen attack by activating an arsenal of defense mechanisms. During the last decades, work mainly focused on the understanding of qualitative disease resistance mediated by a few genes conferring an almost complete resistance, while quantitative disease resistance (QDR) remains poorly understood despite the fact that it represents the predominant and more durable form of resistance in natural populations and crops. Here, we review our past and present work on the dissection of the complex mechanisms underlying QDR in Arabidopsis thaliana. The strategies, main steps and challenges of our studies related to one atypical QDR gene, RKS1 (Resistance related KinaSe1), are presented. First, from genetic analyses by QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) mapping and GWAs (Genome Wide Association studies), the identification, cloning and functional analysis of this gene have been used as a starting point for the exploration of the multiple and coordinated pathways acting together to mount the QDR response dependent on RKS1. Identification of RKS1 protein interactors and complexes was a first step, systems biology and reconstruction of protein networks were then used to decipher the molecular roadmap to the immune responses controlled by RKS1. Finally, exploration of the potential impact of key components of the RKS1-dependent gene network on leaf microbiota offers interesting and challenging perspectives to decipher how the plant immune systems interact with the microbial communities' systems.

Digital workflow for prosthetic management of malpositioned implant in an adolescent patient: A 20-year follow-up.

Dental implants placed in adolescent patients pose a challenge to restore and maintain an esthetic outcome over longer period of follow-up. Maxillomandibular changes throughout adulthood may lead to complications such as implant infraocclusion and interproximal contact loss. This case report describes an alternate prosthetic treatment strategy for maxillary single implant placed in an adolescent patient in the esthetic zone with inappropriate implant axis and screw hole placement. With temporary restorations, the gingiva and soft tissues were shaped to imitate the emerging profile of the contralateral side. A zirconia screw-retained abutment was customized as a copy-mirror from the contralateral prepared tooth to mimic the exact shape and to avoid labiolingual over contour by computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM). The porcelain laminate veneer was bonded to the zirconia abutment. Porcelain adhesive approach was used instead of traditional principles of retention and resistance form of the abutment. A functional and esthetic outcome was achieved and maintained, while a minimally invasive procedure was implemented to use the malplaced implant instead of explanting it. The present report illustrates the prosthetic management of a malpositioned dental implant placed 20 years ago, utilizing a minimally invasive digital protocol.

Power relations in the novel My Name is Alam by Leila S. Chudori

Exploring discursive formations in literary works allows researchers to analyze how language and discourse shape meaning, power dynamics, and cultural ideologies within a specific literary context. Understanding the discursive formations in literary works is crucial for comprehending the historical and social context in which these works were produced. This research aims to describe the forms and representations of power relations in the novel My Name is Alam by Leila S. Chudori. This is qualitative descriptive research where the data is interpreted using the genealogical and archaeological analysis methods promoted by Foucault. This method aims to uncover and understand hidden power dynamics in various aspects of human life. The research results prove that the author's statements were spread across various formations and became material for discussion. Two forms of power relations are being discussed; the first is the New Order government's practice of authoritarian power in its various policies, which limits human rights. Second, there is resistance from marginalized groups, namely political prisoners and their families. This form of resistance is an effort by marginalized groups to fight for equality and justice. The New Order government in Indonesia constructed a discourse to create a simulated space to legitimize its power within national memory politics. This simulated world is a blend of reality and fantasy constantly reproduced. As a result, the actual reality becomes obscured, and the symbols created are perceived as reality.

Dissimilar effect of organometallic ruthenium complexes on the viability of MDR and non-MDR experimental models

Ruthenium complexes containing triphenylphosphine diamide ligands were prepared, characterized, and tested for their biological activity against various cancer cell lines and the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The effect of M (mono-substituted) and B (bis-substituted) complexes on the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell line was investigated using the MTT assay. Five (B2, B3, B5, B6, and B13) of the 24 synthesized ruthenium complexes showed significant effects with IC50 values ranging between 0.3 and 2.3 μM. Evaluation of the potential biomolecular targets of B2 and B13 by fluorescence spectroscopy revealed relevant interactions with BSA and only a weak affinity for ctDNA. Complexes M2, B2, M13 and B13 were selected for further biological characterization. Their effect on the viability of two ovarian cancer cell lines was compared to normal cell lines, denoting their selectivity. Upon treatment of four different drug-resistant gynaecological cancer cell lines, differing in their multidrug-resistant phenotypes, the efficacy of the bis-substituted complexes was shown to be greater than their mono-substituted counterparts. The non-MDR cells are sensitive to all the tested complexes, compared to MDR cells which are less sensitive. Upon investigation of complexes M2, M13, B2, and B13 against sensitive and multidrug-resistant parasite strains of P. falciparum, the bis-substituted complexes were again shown to be the most potent, with submicromolar activity against both strains. Furthermore, the resistance indexes for the complexes were approximately equal to 1, which is at least 5-fold lower than chloroquine diphosphate, suggesting the ability of these complexes to retain their activity in resistant forms of the parasite.

Organic Phosphorus Fractions in Relation to Soil Aggregate Fractions of Black Soil

Knowledge of long-term phosphorus behavior is essential to improve soil structure, nutrient supply potential, and the sustainability of cropping systems. A 45-year long-term experimental trial was used to observe organic phosphorus fractionation and its effects on soil aggregation and nutrient distribution at three depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, under maize monoculture and maize/barley rotation. Five fertilizing systems were studied, including Control, NPK, NPK + maize remains, NPK + manure, and NPK + manure in rotation. Soil aggregates were fractionated into four size categories (&gt;2000, 2000–250, 250–53, and &lt;53 μm) using a wet sieving method. The samples were analyzed for main indicators, including different forms of phosphorus, total and available (PT and PA), as well as its organic forms (Labile Po, Biomass Po, Mod. Labile Po, Fulvic acid Po, Humic acid Po, and Resistant Po), and other fertility parameters. Significant differences in total and available phosphorus as well as all observed organic phosphorus fractions were evident between treatments with and without organic amendments, particularly in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers. Moderately labile P forms were dominant across all treatments, while labile forms constituted a smaller proportion. The most notable differences between treatments were observed in the labile and moderately labile forms, as well as in the resistant form of organic phosphorus. Manure application led to increased nutrient content in macroaggregates (&gt;250 μm) compared to microaggregates. Microaggregates (&lt;250 μm) were predominant across all depths, while stable structural aggregates did not show a significant increase after manure application. PCA highlighted significant correlations between soil characteristics, including total and available P, total organic carbon, clay content, and enzyme activity, across different aggregate sizes and organic P fractions. Overall, long-term mineral fertilization combined with organic amendment application induced variations in phosphorus fractions and the content of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus associated with aggregates in the first two soil layers, except for aggregate size classes.

Negotiation within legitimate political boundaries: revealing the bottom-up news filtering of Chinese Party newspapers

The extent to which media employees can make highly individualized decisions has been debated extensively in existing studies on gatekeeping. This case study proposes a bottom-up approach by examining the news filtering practices of Chinese Party (Communist Party of China, CPC) media employees, aiming to expand and deepen research in this field. Drawing upon 16 interviews conducted within a Chinese Party media newsroom, this research explores the news filtering process among different job groups. The study reveals the stratification of filtering preferences within the newsrooms and identifies two forms of bottom-up resistance: resistance by grassroots journalists driven by cost-effectiveness, and resistance by journalists and senior editors rooted in social responsibility. Furthermore, the study confirms that a unified propaganda function is insufficient to compromise the bottom-up resistance of media employees; however, it remains within legitimate political boundaries.

Boycotting in journalism: how journalists quietly protest in an authoritarian country

A plethora of studies about boycotting exist in political science, marketing, business, and other areas of scholarship, but this theme has been largely overlooked in journalism. This case study contributes to scholarship on an underexplored aspect of journalism and its relationship with politics and public affairs by examining journalists’ boycotting behavior in a Central Asian context, focusing on Kazakhstan. This study uses interviews with journalists and editors to examine their boycotting behavior. The findings suggest that journalists and their news outlets in this politically constrained environment employ somewhat hidden, non-confrontational, or unannounced tactics to boycott certain news sources, events, and political decisions even when they consider boycotting ineffective. Accumulated professional tensions in an economically restricted and authoritarian context lead to such forms of resistance and protest, including boycotting. Financially independent journalists are more likely to boycott certain news sources, boycott the dissemination of certain language and information, challenge authorities, and protest or show resistance; their less financially secure counterparts are more reluctant to challenge external forces affecting their own professional practices. This study discusses the findings in relation to Bourdieu’s field theory.

Biopolitics and Inscriptions: Raúl Zurita's Poetry as a &lt;i&gt;communitas&lt;/i&gt; of Pain

This article analyzes part of the poetic work of Raúl Zurita, expressed both in some of his poetry books and in his "inscriptions" or material inscriptions and in his corporal self-mutilations to determine the functions that his art fulfills in the face of neoliberal biopolitical practices (Foucault, Agamben, Calveiro) and as a bet for a communitas of pain (Diéguez). It explains the meaning and function of books such as Purgatorio (1982), Canto a su amor desaparecido (1985) and zurita/in memoriam (2007), or interventions such as her verse "ni pena ni miedo" in the Atacama Desert, her presence in memorials or her intervention "El mar del dolor"; all as differentiated forms of resistance from art, against strategies of power that tried to "let die" part of the society in the context of the military dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990) and also in other contexts of human rights violations.

Between statecraft and management at the US–Mexico border: activism as counter-conduct

ABSTRACT At the US–Mexico border, administrative practices routinely ignore the entry claims of stateless people in favor of detention and deportation, often without appeal. The result is both a practical and a moral crisis. Working within a critical interpretive framework, using theories from Michel Foucault and Jürgen Habermas, we explore the tension between facts and norms in the implementation of border policies. We offer activist efforts in support of migrant claims at the border as ‘counter-conduct’ and ‘counter- knowledge’: fundamentally democratic forms of resistance to governmental power. Border activism today is rich with potential guidance for further development of border practices from the grassroots to the legislative chamber.

Good Muslims, good citizens? An intersectional approach to Muslims’ everyday (hidden) resistance tactics in Belgium

ABSTRACT This paper explores Muslim participants’ political endeavours, aiming to tackle their marginalization in a secular racialized environment. Drawing on critical race scholarship (Du Bois), resistance studies (de Certeau, Scott) and lived experiences captured by in-depth interviews with Muslims in Belgium, I focus on everyday hidden resistance tactics enacted by my research subjects to challenge the status quo. I find my research participants aiming to counter racialization through everyday (hidden) practices such as reversing the Muslim gaze, modelling their religious behaviour as a form of da’wa and building up a counterpower to achieve recognition as citizen. Second, this study shows the salience of Du Bois’ notion of double consciousness – or Muslim participants seeing themselves through the eyes of the dominant group – shaping subordinate forms of political resistance.

Travel for women rights: social movements and the construction of travel as activism in social media

ABSTRACT Globalized social movements often require travel, but travel as a symbolic form of transnational activism has only been examined in certain instances. This paper employs the notion of political travel and, through a qualitative content analysis of social media posts during the 2018 pro-choice Irish referendum campaign, it shows how travel can be approached as a form of activism and resistance from a critical feminist angle in the context of a global campaign mediated by social media. Inspired by assemblage theory [De Landa, M. (2016). Assemblage theory. Edinburgh University Press.], our findings show how different elements; people, spaces, objects are assembled to construct the framing and narrative of a social movement that fights for women rights. The individual accounts of travel experiences in social media contributed to the overall ‘aestheticization’ of the social movement. Also, the study offered insights into the meanings that, predominantly female, travellers, assign to their political travel, which are in turn shaped by personal and historical concerns.

Self-Change as Global Change: Spiritual Activism and Its Place in Gloria Anzaldúa’s Legacy

This article looks at Gloria Anzaldúa’s under-explored and posthumously published work Light in the Dark / Luz en lo Oscuro: Rewriting Identity, Spirituality, Reality, which marks important developments for Anzaldúa’s legacy and philosophy, and is a culmination of her thoughts concerning identity, spirituality, aesthetics, ethics, ontology, and metaphysics. This work’s cornerstone concept, “spiritual activism,” provides activists with a radical new means of resistance that attempts to dismantle systemic oppressions that enable separatisms such as racism, sexism, classism, speciesism, homophobia, transphobia, patriarchy, and even environmental degradation. In envisioning these social and ecological injustices as interconnected and intersectional phenomena, spiritual activism amalgamates spiritual technologies with political forms of activism. Spiritual activism views self-change as a means of global change in and of itself, making this connection more robust, visible, and explicit for Anzaldúa’s readership. It formulates a new metaphysics of interconnectedness with others, animals, and the earth itself in new ontological matrices that disrupt the cultural hegemony of Eurocentric, Anglocentric, and western cultures. Anzaldúa’s last work develops new forms of resistance via the critical and constant (re)shaping of our identity formations and ontological categories to make positive social change and global justice its highest priority.

Schlock Value and the Politics of Fiasco

This article tracks the ways citizens in the People's Republic of China have come to manage the banality of state violence and impunity by turning common political failures into a distinctive politics of fiasco. As a mode of civilian engagement with officialdom in contemporary China, this kind of politics is a departure from the usual straightforward forms of popular resistance, as typified by the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest. Fiasco is not just any kind of failure. It is a kind of flop with performative flair, where repeated malfunctions and blunders escalate in often ludicrous and humiliating fashion to turn once earnest and serious projects in feel‐bad dramas of inescapable failure. As such, this form of politics casts a renewed light on the aesthetic and affective dimensions of citizen–state struggles, especially among those that persist in confronting failures of justice under authoritarian conditions of political non‐crisis.

Konstruksi women empowerment dalam film Memoria

Women empowerment is a form of women's resistance to the domination of power and gender-based violence. This research aims to reveal the construction of women empowerment in the film Memoria (2016) by Kamila Andini through analysis of the film's narrative structure and cinematographic elements. The identification of the film's narrative structure uses Gérard Genette's narratology theory through the concept of focalization and the identification of cinematographic aspects using Metz semiotics. The method used in the research is the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out by reviewing film sequences, literature studies, and identifying cinematographic aspects. The results show that Maria's focalization dominates the story, moves the story, and there are six grand syntagmas, namely descriptive syntagma, parallel syntagma, bracket syntagma, scene, episodic sequence, and insert subjective. Analyzing the narrative structure and the cinematographic aspects of the film through a series of syntagms, both represent the construction of women empowerment continuously. Maria is a woman who survives various life challenges and can heal the trauma within herself. The healing process starts from within oneself (self-healing) and then sharing stories (sharing) with family or trusted people. These things are steps toward freedom, justice, and women empowerment.

“Boasa Hami Ingkon Gabe Sipangoloi?” Eksistensi Perempuan Batak Dalam Film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap

Women existence is often in an ambiguous position. Women are sometimes acknowledged for their existence, but on the other hand they are also often looked down. The culture have a significant influence on understanding a woman's existence. One of them is in Batak culture, the hierarcy pattern between men and women is very thick with patrilineal elements and this is very detrimental to the existence of women in their lifes. Batak women's efforts to find their existence are often seen as a form of resistance to patriarchal culture. This is what ultimately results in women being asked to be 'obedient' figures in the sense of obeying all orders and even depending on men. This paper will look at how the existence of women in an existentialist feminist perspective, especially from Beauvoir's point of view. Existentialist feminists will dismantle the patrilineal element and reconstruct it so that the existence of women, especially Batak, is not always under the influence of men. Batak women also have the autonomous right to express opinions, to be heard, to be empowered and to dream their goals.Keywords: existence, feminist, patrilineal.

Trans*agrarian Marxisms?

This article recasts agrarian studies’ concerns with nature, productivity, and subjectivity through the provocations raised by transgender Marxism. Transgender Marxism has interrogated how normative gender, sexuality, and racial dynamics are inseparable from the material and reproductive matrices required for capital. Critical agrarian studies has a long history of carefully tracing out the political economy of agrarian capitalism and resistance to it. Engaging with the unruly materialisms of transgender Marxism would further the work of critical agrarian studies, particularly in regard to the ways gender and sexuality are taken up in the field. The project of transgender Marxism offers a scathing critique of rights-based recognition, hetero- and homonormativity, apoliticized science, and the ways in which the biological family figures at the heart of capitalist reproduction. Such questions have been taken up in small corners of queer and feminist critical agrarian studies, particularly those rooted in the United States, but transgender Marxism offers a new opportunity to bring together the material and historical concerns of the ways agrarian capitalism takes place and creates conditions for unruly forms of resistance. The article demonstrates their possible interconnectivities by exploring three themes: theories of change, the centrality of gender/sex in the agrarian, and unruly, ungrounded materialisms. While primarily a theoretical intervention, the article draws some insights from the authors’ ethnographic work in Paraguay and Colombia to ground the theoretical possibilities in place.

Dependence of lymphopoiesis on efficient β-catenin degradation

Abstract Wnt/β-catenin pathway is tightly controlled by β-catenin destruction complex to regulate lineage specification and differentiation. Compared to epithelial lineage, lymphoid cells display higher rates of β-catenin degradation to achieve constitutively low levels of β-catenin. Emphasizing the reliance of lymphoid cells on β-catenin degradation, expression of degradation resistant form of β-catenin or deletion of APC or CK1 suppressed lymphoid development. Similarly, small molecules inhibiting GSK3β mediated phosphorylation or proteasomal degradation of β-catenin induced higher toxicity selectively in lymphoid cells compared to other lineages. Our interactome and CHIP-seq analysis highlighted that the unique dependency of lymphoid cells on efficient degradation of β-catenin is mediated by Ikaros zinc finger (IKZF) proteins and nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complexes. Unlike activating TCF/β-catenin complexes in epithelial cells, recruitment of repressive β-catenin/IKZF/NuRD complexes to MYC superenhancer (SE) regions lead to suppression of Myc expression and induced cell death. Deletion of both IKZF1 and IKZF3 or mutation of Ikaros binding motifs within the Myc-SE subverted the β-catenin mediated toxicity. Upon loss of Ikaros factors, β-catenin interaction with TCF-factors resulted in de novo activation of epithelial specific genes. Our findings suggest that β-catenin degradation is an evolutionary requirement for Ikaros mediated protection of lymphoid identity.

Resisting sexisms, aggression, and burnout in academic leadership: Surviving in the gendered managerial academy

AbstractHow is it possible to survive as a woman senior leader in the gendered managerial academy? In this autoethnographical article, I illustrate the lived reality, insecurity, and struggle of academic leadership. Drawing from three vignettes, I discuss decision‐making processes, blatant sexist aggressions, and the problematic negation of affect and personal life. Their critical contribution is to expose the consequences of gendered managerialism in the neo‐liberal academy and the false promise of ‘leadership’, in which women continue to experience gender challenges, sexism, and the risk of burnout in their everyday experiences. However, I also show how it is possible to counter the detrimental effects of gendered managerialism through four forms of resistance: resistance through embodied affective authenticity; resistance through solidarities, and social relations with others; resistance through feminist activism; and resistance by stepping back.