Forms Of Public Participation Research Articles

Wounded in the everyday life of a provincial city during the World War I (on the materials of the Central Black Earth Economic Region)

The subject of this research is the multi-aspect impact produced by the system of medical care for the ill and wounded soldiers during the World War I upon the social life of provincial towns that accommodated the military hospitals. The article determines the role of the Central Black Earth Economic Region in treating the wounded; provides information on the number of hospital beds; describes organizational moments of operation of hospitals, as well as the forms of public participation in work of the hospitals. Attention is given to the common and symbolic aspects associated with the figure of a wounded soldier. The study is based on systematization of records on functionality of the medical military facilities in the Central Black Earth Economic Region, making emphasis on the changes and new occurrences in everyday of the city folks caused by establishing and operation of hospitals. The acquires results state that the system of medical care for the wounded during the World War I has become the subject of social consolidation, invoking new forms of charity and active cooperation of various social classes of a provincial city. At the same time, concentration of the wounded was a destabilizing factor of urban life.

Emerging dynamics of public participation in climate governance: A case study of solar energy application in Shenzhen, China

AbstractClimate governance scholars have recognized the role of public participation in improving the outcomes of climate action. Nevertheless, increasing advocacy of environmental authoritarianism in the narratives of climate governance questions the need for and legitimacy of public participation. This study uncovers the emerging dynamics of climate participation in Chinese communities through a case of the implementation of solar energy. Our research challenges the general impression of nonparticipation in climate governance in China and argues that participation is taking a less visible form that we call “defensive participation.” Defensive participation occurs when communities mobilize to defend their interests. Just as other forms of public participation, defensive participation can play important roles in improving policy outcomes and accountability. More nuanced theoretical and empirical accounts of public participation in climate governance will improve current understandings of climate governance in China.

Planning and Executing Scientifically Sound Community Science in a Public-Facing Institution

The Genetics of Taste (GOT) Lab is an active research lab that studies human genetics at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. In addition to the scientific research it conducts, the now-10-year-old lab is designed to accommodate two forms of public participation: community (citizen) science and crowdsourcing participants (human subjects). These crowdsourced participants provide a diverse sample for collecting taste and genetics data, and typically spend about 30 minutes in the Lab during enrollments. Alternatively, the community scientists invest a much more significant amount of time; they volunteer five hours weekly to train and then to assist in all aspects of the Lab’s research, including data collection, DNA extraction, and manuscript preparation. This case study featuring the GOT Lab’s pilot project, the Bitter Study, highlights three key topics: the ability to replicate established findings in the taste field using a community science model; the learning experiences of participants; and best practices and recommendations for other institutions that might wish to develop and implement a similar bi-level community-science model. Here we present data to illustrate that both the scientific and educational goals of community science and crowdsourcing are attainable within the same working space.

Official statistics, big data and civil society. Introducing the approach of “economics of convention” for understanding the rise of new data worlds and their implications

The rise of big data and ongoing political and social transformations confront official statistics with important questions regarding its self-understanding and its role in public debates. These questions imply serious tensions that will very likely increase in the foreseeable future. This article introduces a specific sociological perspective for thinking and talking about these developments. Building on the “economics of convention”, this perspective challenges currently dominant conceptions of official statistics which do not adequately mirror the plurality of possible representations of the social world and the variety of justifiable ways of assessing the quality of these representations. Taking these pluralities into account allows to develop a fuller picture of the actual practices and institutions involved in the production of statistical knowledge and, especially, of their unavoidable entanglement with normative orders, epistemic values, and political formations. The notion of “data worlds” is presented as a means for tackling this problem of pluralities. On this conceptual basis, it becomes possible to link methodological questions to analyses of how statistical data and knowledge are embedded in wider political, economic, and social contexts. Problems of “data quality” thus appear in a different light: their reflection involves more than the usually discussed issues of the institutional independence (secured by public funding and by law) and the high scientific standards of official statistics. Instead, an institutionalist theoretical approach is needed that offers blueprints for linking the production of “official statistical facts” to (always contested and contextual) conceptions of the common good. Such a conception would allow to conceive new forms of public participation and democratic control of processes of quantification, measurement, and datafication. In sum, we believe that the specifically sociological approach outlined in this article would support official statistics in dealing with the variety of critical interventions and challenges it currently faces in a proactive and coherent manner.

SOCIAL POTENTIAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHERS OF THE THIRD AGE: PROBLEMS AND NEW CHALLENGES

Introduction Russian teachers of the third age are a social group that is currently in a difficult and ambiguous situation. On the one hand, raising the retirement age in Russia sets them the task of further professional development. On the other hand, the level of professional requirements associated with increasing the competitiveness of Russian higher education in the global educational space is sharply increasing. The purpose of the article is to answer the question - how the accumulated social potential of the third age's teachers allows them to adapt to new conditions, to increase the level of competitiveness, to act as a factor in the development of the University teaching community and higher education in general. Materials and methods The article is based on the materials of research team in the Ural Federal University (2017-2019). The article uses quantitative data of the mass survey of teachers in the Ural Federal district, implemented by the method of questioning. The population is 51 University of the Ural Federal district. Quota sampling was implemented in the study. The volume of the teachers' sample is 810 people. Social community of the third age's teachers was 38.5% of the total sample. The results of research The social potential of University teachers was considered in the context of the following structural elements: professional qualification, innovation, cultural, civil. Teachers of the third age have higher professional and qualification potential (qualification and status characteristics) than other age groups. The innovative potential realized in research activity and educational process is also high. This applies to innovation activity implemented in research projects and scientific communication. Their cultural practices are quite diverse, and the activity of cultural consumption is even higher than that of colleagues of other age groups. Civic activity of the third age's teachers is manifested in various forms of public participation, implemented through interaction with authorities of different levels and public organizations. The specificity of their civic activity is the implementation of expert functions that require high qualification, which has this group of teachers. At the same time, the teaching community of the third age notes the lack of sufficient institutional conditions for effective development, manifested primarily in the low level of social protection in the professional sphere. General conclusions University teachers of the third age have sufficient adaptive potential in the new challenges of the social environment. At the same time, the basic problem of their development is the creation of institutional conditions for professional activities and the effective realization of their social potential. Keywords Educational reforms, university teachers, teaching community, public participation, higher education, third age

Playing for the Future: Using Codesign Games to Explore Alternative Sanitation Systems in London

Public participation is viewed as a best practice in planning, and yet most people who participate in it (planners included) often feel that it is a cynical box-ticking exercise. Citizen participation rates are usually low, implying that they may feel this way too. There are two good reasons for this feeling: On the one hand, public consultation often only occurs when it is a mandatory exercise required by government for development approval; on the other, when public consultation occurs it is after much time and effort has been invested by professionals to develop a scheme therefore change is made reluctantly or not at all. These factors create a reactionary and adversarial atmosphere during consultation. These structural limitations mean that there is no time to find alignment of interests between project developers and the public, or to develop trust and collaborations. This article explores how codesign games as a form of public participation can be done at an early stage of project development to contribute to finding alignment of interests and collaborations between project developers and different public interests. The empirical case study is focussed on the possibilities for the retrofit of sustainable sanitation systems in London. Three future sanitation systems were developed by 14 workshop participants. They demonstrate new alignments of interests, from methods of collection and treatment, to new economies of reuse and production. It also established reasons why the current water-based sanitation systems are obdurate, and the work involved in keeping the status quo.

Exploring citizen science in post-socialist space: Uncovering its hidden character in the Czech Republic

Abstract Citizen science is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and currently a general overview of existing citizen science projects is not available. This presents the challenge to uncover the ‘hidden’ citizen science landscapes. The main objective of this paper is to explore the (public) representation of citizen science (CS) projects and to describe their heterogeneity. The study aims to answer the question of what type of projects in the Czech Republic meet the definition of citizen science. Based on a specific methodological data-base search approach, we compiled a set of CS projects (N = 73). During the classification process, two general citizen science categories were identified. The first group (N = 46) consists of “pure” CS projects with a prevalence towards the natural sciences, principally ornithology, and thus corresponding to general European trends. Citizens usually participate in such research in the form of data collection and basic interpretation, and a high level of cooperation between academia and NGOs was detected. The second group of “potential” CS projects (N = 27) entails various forms of public participation in general, frequently coordinated by NGOs. Based on these results, we discuss the position of citizen science in the Czech Republic, including socially-oriented citizen science. Further research is strongly encouraged to achieve a more in-depth insight into this social phenomenon.

Попечительский совет как форма взаимодействия и общественного контроля в уголовно-исполнительной системе России (исторический и правовой аспекты)

The research of subjects and forms of public participation in the activities of the penal system of Russia has recently received considerable attention. The article studies the formation and development of the institution of guardianship as a form of interaction and public control over the activities of penal institutions. For two centuries with some interruptions guardianship was not only present in the system of execution of criminal sentences, contributed to the achievement of state objectives, but also exercised control functions. The study allows us to assess the significance and effectiveness of the activities of the boards of guardians over the entire period of its existence. Currently there is a significant decrease in the level of this type of interaction, and in some institutions its complete absence. The current level of organization and authority does not allow the the guardianship to develop. This is confirmed by the analysis of the regulatory legal acts regulating the activities of the boards of guardians in the institutions of the penal system, the data of the survey of employees in the institutions.

(Re-)Designing Nature? An Overview and Outlook on the Ethical and Societal Challenges in Synthetic Biology.

This structured literature analysis aims to map the current, emerging, and predicted future of synthetic biology (SB) by putting the focus on the implied conceptual, societal, and ethical challenges. The central objective of the analysis is to provide an initial systematization of the ethical and socio-scientific debate on SB by structuring and categorizing widely discussed issues within the debate in recent years. Starting with the quest for possible definitions, issues of biosafety and biosecurity are emphasized. Furthermore, the focus is on the more conceptual challenges of SB, including the relationship between natural and synthetic, or concepts of life and living. From the very beginning, one specific characteristic of SB has been a strong entanglement with different forms of public participation. In some respects SB has already taken a leading position in claiming and orchestrating itself as an integrative and participatory discipline. After addressing SB as an emerging biotechnology at the interface between science and society, a venture is initiated to focus on the possible regulatory and governmental challenges which are entangled in SB.

Analysis Juridical Public Participation Formation of Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2017 on The Implementation of The Business Entertainment In Wonosobo Regency

To set the order and comfort in the Wonosobo regency and Goverment Wonosobo regency make Region Regulation No. 3 of 2017 on the Implementation of Enterprise Entertainment in Wonosobo. This is associated with the rise of karaoke business premises in Wonosobo. But after the regulation passes reap a lot of conflict in the community. This makes the writer interested in making. Juridical Analysis of Public Participation in Formation of Regional Regulation Number. 3 of 2017 on the Implementation of Enterprise Entertainment in Wonosobo,Method of approach used in this study is a sociological juridical methods, using the principles and legal principles in reviewing, view, and analyze problems.According to Act No. 12 of 2011 Establishment Regulation Legislation. Article 96 "The public has the right to give feedback in oral and / or written in question can be done through public hearings, working visits, socialization and / or, seminars, workshops and / or discussion.In the establishment of the Regional Regulation No. 3 Of 2017 on the Implementation of Enterprise Entertainment in Wonosobo regency public participation, not maximum.Constraints in the face is the lack of public interest in participating, goverment is valued less the aspirations of the people should be overcome by it, provide an understanding of the importance of public participation in Formation of Regional Regulation 3 Of 2017 about the entertainment business in Wonosobo, maximizing the dissemination of the regulations and the third accommodate all the aspirations of the peopleKeywords: Public Participation; Local Regulation; Entertainment.

Developing and applying a deductive coding framework to assess the goals of Citizen/Community Jury deliberations.

BackgroundPublic participation in health policy decision making is thought to improve the quality of the decisions and enhance their legitimacy. Citizen/Community Juries (CJs) are a form of public participation that aims to elicit an informed community perspective on controversial topics. Reporting standards for CJ processes have already been proposed. However, less clarity exists about the standards for what constitutes a good quality CJ deliberation—we aim to begin to address this gap here.MethodsWe identified the goals that underlie CJs and searched the literature to identify existing frameworks assessing the quality of CJ deliberations. We then mapped the items constituting these frameworks onto the CJ goals; where none of the frameworks addressed one of the CJ goals, we generated additional items that did map onto the goal.ResultsThis yielded a single operationalized deductive coding framework, consisting of four deliberation elements and four recommendation elements. The deliberation elements focus on the following: jurors’ preferences and values, engagement with each other, referencing expert information and enrichment of the deliberation. The recommendation elements focus on the following: reaching a clear and identifiable recommendation, whether the recommendation directly addresses the CJ question, justification for the recommendation and adoption of societal (rather than individual) perspective. To explore the alignment between this framework and the goals underlying CJs, we mapped the operationalized framework onto the transcripts of a CJ.ConclusionResults suggest that framework items map well onto what transpires in an actual CJ deliberation. Further testing of the validity, generalizability and reliability of the framework is planned.

A scientific approach to measure public political participation in Pakistan

ABSTRACTPublic political participation is an exhaustive subject in the democratic system that is contributing as a tilled land since the birth of democracy. It has a wide range of frequency, but voting is one of the easiest among all forms of public participation. Despite the easiness of voting, Pakistan ranks 164th in terms of voter turnout among 169 countries of the world. The voter turnout of the second largest Muslim democracy and the fifth largest among all the democratic states was recorded as 45.3% in the 2013 general election, which was less than India’s (59.4%) and even Bangladesh’s (58.2%). More than half of the population in Pakistan does not think it is its duty to cast its vote. The present study is an effort to investigate public political participation through six independent variables: democratic political party, party mobilization, security, accessibility, leadership image and moderating factor citizen distrust, and a useful sample size of 1884 was collected across the country. SPSS version 24.0 was used to measure the data. The results show significant and positive relations among the dependent and independent variables, while citizen distrust negatively moderates the dependent and independent variables of the study.

A contribution to the debate on the redefinition of the networked public sphere based on Portuguese public participation in cyberspace

This article locates Portugal in the discussion on the transition from a normative public sphere (Habermas, 1968/1989, 1998) to a new networked public sphere (Benkler, 2006), powered by the internet, global networked society and participative and interactive cultures. We use data from the public participation module of the 2018 Digital news report published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, which surveyed a representative sample of the Portuguese population. The results point to the existence and appropriation of many forms of public participation in cyberspace. Users share news, comment on news, take part in online votes, etc., on press websites and social media. Nonetheless, the collected data point to a type of online public participation that determines the slow constitution and consolidation of a new networked public sphere in Portugal.

Public Participation in Local Regeneration Programmes in Poland

This article describes how the public participation is understood as involvement of individuals, groups and local communities in public decision making. On 9 October 2015, the Urban Regeneration Act was passed in Poland. The purpose of the Act is to integrate the local activities of the stakeholders in regeneration. Engaging stakeholders is essential for proper implementation of regeneration programmes and is aimed at preventing degradation of urban space and crisis phenomena by enhancing social activity. The main aim of the article is to focus on different forms of public participation in urban regeneration. The study includes an analysis of the public participation procedures employed during the implementation of Communal Regeneration Programmes in Poland, as exemplified by the Olkusz Commune. The analysis is summarised to form a model of public participation in regeneration programmes, including suggestions for the use of ICT tools for consultation purposes.

Political airs: From monitoring to attuned sensing air pollution.

In Madrid, as in many European cities, air pollution is known about and made accountable through techno-scientific monitoring processes based on data, and the toxicity of the air is defined through epidemiological studies and made political through policy. In 2009, Madrid's City Council changed the location of its air quality monitoring stations without notice, reducing the average pollution of the city and therefore provoking a public scandal. This scandal challenged the monitoring process, as the data that used to be the evidence of pollution could not be relied on anymore. To identify the characteristics of some of the diverse forms of public's participation that emerged, I route theories of environmental sensing from STS and feminist theory through the notion of attuned sensing. Reading environmental sensing through processes of attunement expands the ways in which toxicity can be sensed outside of quantitative data. This mode of sensing recognizes how the different spontaneous attunements to and with air pollution and the scandal acknowledged Madrid's chemical infrastructure, rendering visible qualitative conditions of toxicity. This mode of sensing politicized the toxicity of the air not through management or policy making, nor only through established forms environmental activism, but through contagion and accumulation of the different forms of public participation. All together, they made air pollution a matter of public concern. They also redistributed the actors, practices and objects that make the toxicity not only knowable, but also accountable, and most importantly, they opened up spaces for citizen intervention.

Public participation and the politics of humiliation

ABSTRACTThe article contends that the most popular form of Public Participation (PP) in SA is public protest, which, as a result of historical continuity, represents a direct response to the humiliations experienced by the poor, unemployed and socially excluded. Despite an enlightened human rights Constitution, if citizens are treated as consumers and left to the vagaries of the market PP mechanisms are likely to fail as they do not address the real social issues at the root of the discontent.

Влияние публичных слушаний на принятие решений по объединению муниципальных образований в Московской области

The practice of applying public hearings in the Moscow region in the transformation of municipalities for the period 2015-2018 has considered. In connection with changes in Russian legislation in recent years, public hearings have become an indispensable element of the interaction of citizens and municipal authorities when merging municipalities. The purpose of this article is to determine the actual influence of citizens, their opinions, suggestions made by them, the expression of consent or disagreement on the issue being considered at the hearing on the final decision. For this purpose, an analysis of the protocols and conclusions of public hearings has conducted, the main characteristics of this form of public participation in the implementation of local self-government have determined. Statistical data on the average number of participants in public hearings on the transformation of municipal districts into urban districts, time to prepare for them in the scale of 20 municipalities of the Moscow region, the results of citizens ’voting, the presence of representatives of state authorities and some other characteristics have provided. Also, a study of the arguments “for” and “against” the association has conducted, some contradictions in the points of view of representatives of the municipal government on the issues of transformations have identified. According to the results of the study, an assessment has made of public hearings as a form of democratic participation of citizens in the implementation of local self-government on the basis of its practical implementation in the Moscow region, and situations have identified in which the opinion of the population is able to correct the intended outcome of the changes. In particular, a conclusion has made about a fairly high percentage of citizens’ attendance at hearings, the absence in most cases of a unanimous opinion about the association of municipalities among citizens, and, on the contrary, a uniquely positive assessment of changes by the municipal government. It is also assumed that the most rare scenario - the abolition of the merger of municipalities under the influence of public hearings - is possible to a greater extent for rural settlements with a high initiative of the population.

Public Participation Practices in Political Life in the Russian Regions

The article discusses the problem of public participation of the population in the political life of the country. The object of research becomes one of the forms of public participation: people examination. People examination is understood by the authors as an expert opinion initiated by the public, carried out by professionals, conducted in the interests of the people as a whole or of certain social groups, and resulting in the submission of a reasoned conclusion with recommendations for decision-makers. The study of the specifics of the people examination use as an effective public practice was carried out on the basis of the evaluation of the success of the "People examination" project using mass and expert surveys to determine the potential for participation of the population and professional experts in such projects. The research conducted has shown that at present the opinion of citizens living in a specific territory is not always taken into account fully when solving problems of social and economic development. Despite the interest of residents of Russian regions in such projects, the problems of providing general access, information and obtaining a specific result from people examination, do not provide an opportunity to evaluate it as highly effective.

Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Potensi Daerah


 This article describes the relationship between the authority local governments and participation in the management of the potential of the region. The authors argue that local government has a broad authority within its jurisdiction to manage local potentials. One of the tasks borne by government is by following the country, namely hold some of the state as organization power, one of them is given to the public and private in publishing licensing. On one side, the role of the community is very important in the management of the potential of the region as a form of concern of the community development of area, then with the participation of the community hope to increase the income of the around and for the local government assets. On the other hand, residents as a their nets a an ongoing activity. Later in this article explain also forms of public participation in the management of the potential of the region. This article use the study literature regarding the authority local governments and the study legislation about the authority local governments that applies. The results of the study concluded that extent authority local governments one of which is the licensing on the management regional potential, on the other side, required public participation in the management of potential an area. 
 Keywords: Local Government, Public Participation, Local Potentials

Cultural Globalization and Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Case Study; the Seventh and the Ninth Governments)

Nowadays, cultural globalization is one of the most important aspects of expansion and deepening of capitalistic relations. This process exerts a great influence on all communities, especially non-Western societies, so that it has prompted them to adopt different approaches towards it. Thus, understanding the phenomenon of globalization for countries such as Iran that insists on their specificity (especially on their indigenous cultural values), to identify threats and crises which this phenomenon will be looking for them is of high importance. So, the main purpose of this research is to analyze how the seventh and the ninth governments of Islamic Republic of Iran dealt with the issue of globalization, particularly, its cultural aspect. Indeed, with realization of the differences between post-revolutionary Iranian state and most of existing ideologies in the world and also its geopolitics and strategic sensitive location in the region; all Iranian post-revolutionary governments adopted logical and rational policies in dealing with this worldwide wave. However, as regards the specific national, regional and international conditions, the seventh and the ninth governments were much more exposed to globalization and taking a clear stance. Research findings, according to the theory of ‘James N. Rosenau “Fragmegration” show that the seventh government, based on adopting political culturalism, sought for interaction and ‘convergence’ in the form of “dialogue between civilizations" as well as pacifism in addition to criticizing world’s dominant relations. Whereas, the ninth government adopting justice-oriented approach and political spirituality in the form of public participation and management in managing the world led to “divergence” of the existing global order considering realistic and power-based relations of international order.