Forms Of Public Participation Research Articles

Self-mobilisation and lived landscape democracy: local initiatives as democratic landscape practices

In both the European Landscape Convention and academic literature there is a widespread idea that public participation in landscape matters increases landscape democracy. Based on theories promoting self-mobilisation as the ultimate form of public participation, the article studies and discusses efforts rooted in local communities related to questions of democracy. Fieldwork was carried out in two different communities characterised by such efforts. The author first discusses the efforts within the context of a Nordic conception of landscape practices, encompassing all forms of landscape management and use, and then discusses the democratic nature of different practices. The findings indicate that aspects of democracy are threatened when local self-mobilisation efforts develop politically. To broaden the current understanding of landscape democracy, the author advocates the need to extend the scientific understanding of modern landscape practices to include those carried out with the intention to undertake landscape changes and improvements.

Development of the civil society as a factor of the implementation of «good governance» principle in Ukraine

Principles of «good governance» have been investigated in the article and the impact of civil society development on their effective implementation has been determined. In a broad sense, “good governance” is understood as democratic, responsible, effective, transparent and accountable governance. It has been emphasized in the study that “good governance” is an effective form of public participation in the implementation of public policies, establishing proper coordination and cooperation between the government and the society on the principles of “subject - subject” partnership relations. Unlike the public administration, which implements already made decisions, “good governance” takes care of policy of society’s participation in decision-making and transparency of the process of the decision-making. Principles of “good governance” have been analyzed in the article, as there are defined in the European Strategy for Innovation and “good governance” at the local level, UN Program “Governance and sustainable development of human potential” and the UN Program for Human Settlements (UN-HABITAT). Based on this analysis, the influence of the civil society development on the effective implementation of the principles of “good governance”, quality of decisions adopted and approved decision, which were made with the involvement of civil society, have been proved. Taking this into account, the complex problems that characterize the state of civil society in Ukraine have been examined in the article. They include: lack of institutional, financial and human resource capacity of non-governmental organizations; underdeveloped civil and political culture, low political literacy; high level of the public support for the paternalistic nature of the state; distrust between the authorities and the public society; inadequate implementation of mechanisms for public participation in the formation and implementation of public policy. The following conclusion has been made that these problems prevent the effective implementation of standards and the principles of “good governance” in Ukraine and they must be solved. The next solutions have been suggested in the article: to support the creation of high political, civil and legal culture of the population, who understand its rights and levers of influence over the authorities; to change the government’s attitude to the public society being a partner, not the opponent; to intensify the process of privatization of all spheres of social life, the development of different forms of public authorities and social initiatives; to expand public levers of influence at the government. As a result, the assumption has been made that the implementation of these steps will influence positively the further development of civil society and the effective implementation of the principles of “good governance” in Ukraine.

Practitioners' viewpoints on citizen science in water management: a case study in Dutch regional water resource management

Abstract. In recent years, governmental institutes have started to use citizen science as a form of public participation. The Dutch water authorities are among them. They face pressure on the water governance system and a water awareness gap among the general public, and consider citizen science a possible solution. The reasons for practitioners to engage in citizen science, and in particular those of government practitioners, have seldom been studied. This article aims to pinpoint the various viewpoints of practitioners at Dutch regional water authorities on citizen science. A Q-methodological approach was used because it allows for exploration of viewpoints and statistical analysis using a small sample size. Practitioners (33) at eight different water authorities ranked 46 statements from agree to disagree. Three viewpoints were identified with a total explained variance of 67 %. Viewpoint A considers citizen science a potential solution that can serve several purposes, thereby encouraging citizen participation in data collection and analysis. Viewpoint B considers citizen science a method for additional, illustrative data. Viewpoint C views citizen science primarily as a means of education. These viewpoints show water practitioners in the Netherlands are willing to embrace citizen science at water authorities, although there is no support for higher levels of citizen engagement.

ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI PAJAK DAERAH TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) DI KOTA SORONG

Granting regional autonomy is intended to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of government administration in order to manage and take care of its own country, especially in development finance. Local Revenue (PAD) are all local revenues derived from economic resources native to the area, and one of the sources of revenue that have the largest contribution coming from the Regional Tax and Retribution. Local Taxes and Levies is one form of public participation in the implementation of otonomi area . local Taxes and levies a local revenue sources that are essential to finance the implementation of government and regional development. the aim of this study was to determine Contributions of local Taxes to PAD in Sorong. this research uses primer method. data analysis techniques used through the analysis of the percentage contribution. Based on the survey results revealed that in 2011 to 2014 local taxes was a contributing factor to the PAD. in the reception area is the largest tax contribution occurred in 2012 by 49%, while the lowest tax revenue occurred in 2010, namely 18%. And the contribution of each type of local tax receipts largest occurred in 2012 which amounted to 20,07% BPHTB tax and revenue realization is kind of the lowest tax registration tax perus.perdangan is 0,25% Keywords: Local Taxes and Local Revenue

Public involvement in health priority setting: future challenges for policy, research and society.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the findings of this special issue and discusses the future challenges for policy, research and society. The findings suggest that challenges emerge as a result of legitimacy deficits of both consensus and contestatory modes of public involvement in health priority setting. Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws on the discussions and findings presented in this special issue. It seeks to bring the country experiences and case studies together to draw conclusions for policy, research and society. Findings - At least two recurring themes emerge. An underlying theme is the importance, but also the challenge, of establishing legitimacy in health priority setting. The country experiences suggest that we understand very little about the conditions under which representative, or authentic, participation generates legitimacy and under which it will be regarded as insufficient. A second observation is that public participation takes a variety of forms that depend on the opportunity structures in a given national context. Given this variety the conceptualization of public participation needs to be expanded to account for the many forms of public participation. Originality/value - The paper concludes that the challenges of public involvement are closely linked to the question of how legitimate processes and decisions can be generated in priority setting. This suggests that future research must focus more narrowly on conditions under which legitimacy are generated in order to expand the understanding of public involvement in health prioritization.

Perencanaan Pembangunan Kelurahan Di Kelurahan Semanggi Kota Surakarta

ABSTRACT The key to the implementation of the Village Development Planning Forum (Musrenbangkel) is community participation, so that the priority of development programs in accordance with community needs. However, there is a decrease in the implementation of community participation because no realization of development programs proposed society, especially the poor, as well as the implementation tends to be formal and monotonous so as to make people bored and tired. It happened also in the Kelurahan Semanggi which has the densest population with the highest number of poor people in Sub District of Pasar Kliwon. Under these conditions, the purpose of this study was to determine the public participation in the implementation of Musrenbangkel in Kelurahan Semanggu by reviewing Musrenbangkel process, forms of public participation, the level of community participation, as well as internal and external factors that affect the level of community participation. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a Likert scale for questionnaire, frequency distribution and multiple linear regression, as well as qualitative descriptive with purposive sampling and snowball sampling. This study shows that the bottom-up approach to the implementation of Musrenbangkel only be a compromise because the people (still) very dependent on the role of community and government leaders, as well as very poor community initiatives that the government (still) in control in determining local development priorities. Keywords: community participation, Musrenbangkel, Village ABSTRAK Kunci dari pelaksanaan Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan Kelurahan (Musrenbangkel) adalah partisipasi masyarakat, supaya prioritas program pembangunan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. Namun demikian, dalam perkembangannya terjadi penurunan partisipasi masyarakat karena tidak terealisasinya program-program pembangunan yang diajukan masyarakat, terutama masyarakat miskin, serta penyelenggaraannya yang cenderung formal dan monoton sehingga membuat masyarakat bosan dan jenuh. Hal tersebut terjadi pula di Kelurahan Semanggi yang memiliki penduduk terpadat dengan jumlah penduduk miskin terbanyak di Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui partisipasi masyarakat pada pelaksanaan Musrenbangkel di Kelurahan Semanggi dengan cara mengkaji proses Musrenbangkel, bentuk partisipasi masyarakat, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat, serta faktor internal dan eksternal yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat partisipasi masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala likert, distribusi frekuensi dan regresi liner berganda, serta deskriptif kualitatif dengan purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Hasil analisa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan bottom up pada pelaksanaan Musrenbangkel hanya bersifat kompromis karena masyarakat (masih) sangat bergantung pada peran tokoh masyarakat dan pemerintah, serta masyarakat sangat miskin inisiatif sehingga pemerintah (masih) memegang kendali pada penentuan prioritas pembangunan daerah.

Kedudukan Hukum Perbankan Syariah dalam Sistem Perbankan Nasional

The development of Islamic banks as part of the Islamic economic system inIndonesia can be said late compared to that in other countries whose populationis predominantly Muslim. However, the legal position of Islamic banking isjuridically strong and aligned with other conventional banks. If a dispute occursto those banks, according to the decision of Constitutional Court No. 93/PUU-X/ 2012 stating that it can be solved using two ways, namely, litigation and non-litigation. Problem solving using way of litigation becomes the absolute uthority of religious courts, while problem solving using nonlitigation, each party may choose the solution which is not only that explained on Article 55 paragraph (2) of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking, but it can also take other alternatives according to the deal made. Surveillance towards Islamic Banking is held not only by insider but also by independent regulatory institution namely DPS and DSN that both have duty of maintaining the Islamic banking towards an ideal situation and keep the Muslims. In addition, as a form of public participation, all Muslims have an obligation to conduct surveillance towards Islamic banking either directly or indirectly as a vehicle for commanding the good and forbidding dishonor towards the implementation of Islamic banking as the Islamic economic life

The Potential Development of Community Based Tourism at Ambengan Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali

This study discussed the concept of sustainable tourism development which used participation-based of local communities in northern Bali, especially in Ambengan village in accordance with the concept of community-based tourism (CBT). To achieve the objectives of the research, this study has identified potential Ambengan village as a community-based tourism products, which consists of; attraction, accessibilities, amenities, ancillaries, activity, and community involvement. Followed by observation method, which were analyzed by using a life-cycle model of destination, it is known that Ambengan village as a tourist destination are in phase with the attitude of the community involvement is at euphoria. However, for determining the form of community participation, this study using in-depth interviews were subsequently combined with secondary data, and then be assessed in accordance with the principles of community-based tourism (CBT). The research results indicate that this form of public participation in the management Ambengan village is at the level of participation Degree of Tokenism (informing, consultation, and placation) of goverment. Ambengan villagers have not totally get involved, and then by developing the concept of CBT, hopefully it will be able to packaging tourism products at Ambengan village with better and in accordance with the character of the village.

Libraries for Wounded Soldiers and Prisoners of War during the World War I

The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the First World War. It reveals the organization of library services for the wounded soldiers and prisoners of war during the World War I. There is considered participation of public institutions, social and charitable institutions, professional societies in the Book Supply libraries in hospitals and infirmaries, camps for prisoners of war. There are described forms of public participation in the collection of funds, purchasing, acquisition and delivery of books. There is presented the statistical data on the number of collected books and libraries.

Fra eneveldets scene mot representative forsamlinger: visitasen som offentlig arena i Norge, ca. 1750–1850

From the Stage of State Power to Representative Assembly?: The Visitation as a Public Arena, 1750–1850In the eighteenth century, the bishops’ visitations to dioceses constituted an important part of the control apparatus of the Church and the absolutist state. The article examines visitations in Norway in terms of public arenas, where the common people interacted with Church officials. During the period 1750 to 1850, the visitations were gradually transformed from arenas in which the state manifested its power towards a largely undifferentiated populace, to meeting places that resembled representative assemblies with both clerical and common lay members. Thus, it adapted to new forms of public participation established by the reforms of national and local government in the first half of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the process amounted to an elitization, because a few representatives replaced of the congregation as a whole. It is also argued that parish churches in the eighteenth century functioned as general public forums with a number of other functions in addition to worship, such as being places of trade and festivities. This seems to change in the nineteenth century, when churches became more exclusively religious arenas. The transition can be seen in the context of new forms of participation in Church matters. Many clerics wanted greater participation by sections of the commoners, in order to strengthen control in moral and religious matters.

Outreach and Engagement: Evolving Media and the Public Obligations of Stem Cell Science

Outreach and engagement occupy ends of a spectrum as forms of public participation. Most scientists agree that outreach and engagement are important, and most participate at least occasionally. A wide array of tools can and should be utilized for effective outreach and engagement. Risks and challenges are present and manageable. Along with other scientists, stem cell scientists and their institutions have an obligation to ensure that their work proceeds in parallel with robust outreach and engagement efforts. Social media-based tools can be valuable for discharging these duties.

The essential and inherent democratic capacities of communities

Despite the rise of many new forms of public participation, citizens often find themselves on the sidelines of civic initiatives. Observing that nascent democratic capacities are an under-used resource for community development, this article explores how widely applied understandings of capacity building fail to recognize the democratic capacities of communities. By exploring notions of capacity that span the fields of community development and civic engagement, this discussion argues that both fields can improve their ability to address complex public problems by paying close attention to the inherent democratic capacities of a community’s citizens, organizations, and networks. It suggests a framework for recognizing and analyzing these democratic capacities. An overlapping “democratic practices” framework is presented as a way to analyze how communities apply their democratic capacities. The article concludes with case studies from Cooperative Extension that illustrate how citizen-centered community development and civic engagement grounded in public deliberation and dialog can build on and strengthen the democratic capacities of communities.

Assessing Online Consultation in Participatory Governance: Conceptual framework and a case study of a national sustainability‐related consultation platform in Germany

AbstractExperimenting with different forms of public participation in environmental governance, online consultation has become a widely used instrument. While these new forms of participatory mechanisms have attracted considerable scientific interest, research still remains fragmented and largely disconnected from mainstream literature on participatory governance. This article seeks to close this gap by developing an analytical framework that utilizes this literature to bring together formerly isolated findings in the new field of online participation. This framework is subsequently applied to the empirical case of an online consultation called ‘Mitreden‐U’ conducted by the German Federal Ministry of the Environment in 2010. By relating key categories of established concepts (e.g. empowerment, participant selection, information flow), the framework allows us to examine the specific opportunities and challenges of online participation. Findings show that while online participation mechanisms have potential to open up governance structures and provide a venue for meaningful interaction, they also require careful design considerations as well as a cultural change on behalf of public administrators. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI KANTOR PAJAK PRATAMA MANADO

In accordance with the decision of the finance minister 34/PMK.03/2005 UN taxation philosophy about sharing property tax revenues between the central government and local governments that receive the proceeds of land and building tax is directed for the purpose of public interest, then the proceeds from the PBB constitutes acceptance of the State which must be shared between the central government and local governments. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of tax compliance in Target and Realization of Land and Building Tax payments. Sources of data used in this study is secondary data is data that comes from the Tax Office Primary service Manado. The results showed that the Land and Building Tax Revenue in theperiod of four years from 2008-2011 continued to increase except in the year 2009. In general, most people are aware of their obligations as citizens of Indonesia are good and they are aware that taxes are a form of public participation in local development to better developed and developing countries. Also there is a small community is not aware of its obligations as a taxpayer PBB.

Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Proses Kebijakan Daerah

Public policy is a decision to deal with a particular problem situation, that identifies the objectives, principles, ways, and means to achieve them. The ability and understanding of policy makers in the policy-making process is very important for the realization of public policy of rapid, accurate and adequate. The product to suit the needs of the public policy, public participation in the policy process is needed in the policy cycle, from policy formulation to policy evaluation. This paper attempts to review the importance of community participation and other forms of public participation in the policy process, in particular, policy areas.

Social Science Research and the Creation of Publics

With public institutions continuing to be the focus of fierce processes of contestation and change, the task of better understanding how critical social science research might be used as a medium for the creation of publics, forms of public creativity and public change becomes an urgent and important one. The idea that social science research could be used to help create publics may initially seem odd or even counterintuitive, partly because social science has been deeply implicated for many years in the generation and reproduction of many commonplace ways of thinking about publics, rather than supporting their creation. The contention here is that in the context of intensifying “top-down” and “bottom-up” demands for public engagement, there is a need to push beyond familiar ways of conceptualizing the publics of public engagement, and to rethink many of the orthodox and often passive ways of conceptualizing relationships between publics, processes of social science research and forms of public participation and change. The aim of this offering is to outline how Creating Publics—a new research and development project I am leading until 2014 at the Open University in the U.K.— is working to accomplish this very task. By briefly outlining some of the background of this project and how it is approaching the challenge of thinking and testing more active ways of performing public engagement, knowledge mobilization and research dissemination, the hope is that this short offering can also contribute to the broader discussion about the present state of higher education and the “university to come.”

Assessing project approval procedures as formalised forms of public participation

Formalised public participation in project approval procedures is rarely addressed in technology assessment. Empirical data about public participation processes are taken into account even more rarely. This article explores the practice of public participation in infrastructure projects in the Federal Republic of Germany on the basis of empirical data from the period of 1990 to 2010. The author compares the empirical data about participation processes with the targets of the public participation and asks for the reasons for the lack of participation in formalised approval procedures. Furthermore, the author contrasts participation formats used in technology assessment with formalised public participation. In his conclusions, he advocates for a stronger combination of formalised and informal public participation in technology assessment.

Political Reform in Saudi Arabia: Necessity or Luxury?

Since its founding in 1932, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has never had a written constitution or any form of publicparticipation in the policy process and governmental decision-making process. Since 1992, the rulers have been under increasing pressureto formulate a written constitution and to increase public participation in the policy process. As a response, Saudi rulers have enactedmany laws, which they claimed were a new constitution for the country. This paper argues that the reforms introduced in Saudi Arabiaare empty reforms that put the country’s political stability in jeopardy. In contrast, increasing public participation in the policy process willensure political stability and legitimize rulers’ authority. Thus, without political reform that guarantees citizen participation in the policyand governmental decision-making processes, the country’s political future will continue to be controlled by a small group of people (theroyal family) who often disagree amongst themselves about what is best for the country.

Exploring public participation as a vehicle for child participation in governance: A view from South Africa

Systematic child participation in governance decision-making has been slow to develop, and full realisation of the rights protected in Art. 12(1) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, lags behind. This article explores alternative avenues for realising children's participation in governance, by analysing the legal protection of non-electoral forms of public participation, internationally as well as nationally in South Africa. The author provides a case study of the South African law, which arguably supports the inclusion of children's views in governance processes, through their involvement in public participation.

Crowdsourcing the Corpus: Using Collective Intelligence as a Method for Composition

The author describes the practical application of crowdsourcing human intelligence as a form of collaborative music-making. Spectral decomposition of an original recording is used to derive components from original audio, and these are then offered as on-line tasks in which contributors are asked to record their own interpretations of each component. Components are then gathered in order to re-synthesize the original corpus, which is used to build an improvisation system. The author uses Bernard Stiegler's ecology of attention paradigm to situate crowdsourcing as an emerging form of public participation in music-making and Glenn Gould's ideas on performance and public access to position this participation as an act of composition. The work is offered as an illustration of the author's individual process as a composer for finding new notational pathways for collaborative practice.