Organizational Forms Research Articles

Research on the English Translation Standards of Foshan Cantonese Opera Classics

As the birthplace of Cantonese opera, Foshan takes the lead in the inheritance, protection, and development of Cantonese opera. Foshan has invested heavily in the development, inheritance, and promotion of Cantonese opera, and has made great efforts. Nowadays, Cantonese opera is flourishing in various organizational forms in the settlements of overseas Chinese around the world, and is very popular among local Chinese and foreign people. Foshan Cantonese opera needs to vigorously promote the translation and dissemination of Cantonese opera to the outside world. In the translation of Foshan Cantonese opera classics, translators should take "conveying essence and meaning" as the overall guiding principle.

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of syphilis incidence in the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic: comparative analysis

The Soviet period of development of domestic dermatovenereology was characterized by scientific achievements and the creation of organizational forms of combating venereal and contagious skin diseases. After the collapse of the USSR, socio-economic changes occurred in the former Soviet republics that affected the medical sphere. In recent years, the integration of dermatovenereologists with representatives of related specialties has increased and cooperation in the exchange of experience between dermatovenereological services of Russia and other countries is actively developing, including in the field of prevention of the spread of STIs. In 2021 and 2022, a significant increase (by 69.7%) in the incidence of syphilis was registered in Russia for the first time compared to 2020, which is due to an increase in this indicator among migrants (from 2801 cases in 2020 to 12748 cases in 2022), of which 30% of syphilis cases were among citizens of Kyrgyzstan. The article presents the results of a retrospective comparative study of syphilis incidence rates among children aged 0 to 14 years, adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, and adults over 18 years in the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic, and analyzes regulatory documents governing syphilis testing and treatment. Despite significant similarities in approaches to laboratory diagnostics of syphilis, including neurosyphilis, uniform principles of prenatal examination of women and treatment of pregnant women, there are currently a number of significant differences, including shorter courses of therapy and low doses of drugs, shorter periods of clinical and serological monitoring in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Exploring production of social and economic value in social enterprises through a business model framework

AbstractThis study explores how social enterprises create social and economic value through business models that support ex‐offenders. The work was motivated by a request for help from an entrepreneur wishing to establish a business that supports ex‐offender rehabilitation. The research explored five case organisations that already provided such support, analysing them through a business model framework. The case studies investigated the dual propositions of social and economic value created using various organisational forms, including private companies, charities, and a government body. Findings demonstrate how each organisation utilised under‐valued human resources to address social challenges while maintaining economic viability. The research contributes to social enterprise literature and practice, showing the integration of social and economic value creation, exploring the role of Mission, and explaining the reluctance of some organisations to engage in social value measurement. The findings offer insights to entrepreneurs seeking to sustainably deliver social impact.

Анализ показателей российского финансового рынка

The financial market is a key factor in economic development, an important tool for the redistribution and transformation of investment resources, as well as a litmus test of the state's economic health. The peculiarity of the Russian financial market is its "youth" and "inexperience" in comparison with the markets of developed economies, the path of trial and error, inconsistency in the context of the uniqueness of the financial system of the Russian Federation. This market is particularly vulnerable and volatile in the face of sanctions and global economic turmoil, so it needs competent targeting guidance, effective tools and verified coordination methods and techniques. The fundamental problems of the Russian financial market are quite deep and do not always appear on the surface, which requires an in-depth and permanent tactical and strategic analysis of factors, causes, trends, trends and indicators that can correct the situation in a timely manner in any economic scenario in manual management. The article examines the main features, rallies, features and directions of the development of the financial market of the Russian Federation at the present stage. The analysis of the issuer's statements for 2005–2023, dividend payments for the same period is presented, the dynamics of growth of the segment of mutual funds and exchange-traded mutual funds is considered. A comparative structure of household financial assets in 2017 and 2023 is proposed, the share of different organizational and legal forms of joint-stock companies in the total number of joint-stock companies in 2019–2023, the share of different groups of banks in the value of assets of the Russian banking system in 2000–2023 is given. The final results of the study substantiate the importance of the role of the state as a regulator of the stock market, emphasize its Russian functions, and highlight its conceptual problems. The research is based on the analysis of foreign and Russian publications, as well as on statistical conclusions of financial and statistical data.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ФОРМИ ВЕНЧУРНОГО БІЗНЕСУ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The necessity for improving the existing organizational framework for engaging venture business forms is justified, aiming to facilitate the implementation of new technologies, elevate production to a higher level, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in both domestic and international markets. The organizational support for involving venture business forms in the development of industrial enterprises in the conditions of economic digitization is enhanced. A scheme for selecting the organizational form of venture business and funding sources is proposed, allowing the utilization of digital transformation tools to increase the effectiveness of venture business engagement. Venture business is defined as entrepreneurial activity involving the infusion of risky investments into the innovative development of a knowledge-intensive industry, prone to potential growth. The following organizational forms of venture business are identified: "independent ventures," "external ventures," and "internal ventures". Various types of organizational forms of venture business and sources of their funding are considered. The engagement of venture business forms is carried out through financing the venture using various capital sources, specifically from the company's cash fund, funds from venture investors, and funds obtained from a venture fund. Using the PATTERN method, a goal tree for each form of venture business and funding source is constructed. The cost forecast for organizing an internal venture with funding from the company's own financial resources is conducted. The author also proposed an alternative venture financing option using the company's funds, such as raising funds from a venture fund through the sale of 10–20% of the company's shares. The proposed measures will enable industrial enterprises to overcome their crisis and become competitive in both external and internal markets.

A multi-theoretical approach to supply chain management

The article examines the supply chain as a modeling object. The multi-criteria and contradictory goals in supply chain management are: on the one hand, the maximum level of service, on the other hand, minimizing logistics costs. Solving strategic optimization problems for this class of objects using classical optimization methods is difficult. The theoretical and methodological basis of the supply chain was considered from the perspective of a set-theoretic approach. The purpose of the study is to analyze the behavior of many different agents (suppliers, clients, etc.) with different needs and goals when making decisions. An agent is an active element of the system, possessing a certain autonomy and the ability to make independent decisions, relying on the information it has about the state of the environment and the actions of other agents. In turn, supply chains are a complex organizational (active) system, i.e. associated with human participation. The study of behavioral aspects and interorganizational interaction, the formation of new organizational forms are an extremely important aspect in the management and modeling of supply chains, a factor in the dynamic behavior of the logistics system. The conducted research represents an important contribution to the development of knowledge about the application of the set-theoretic approach in supply chain management. It demonstrates the applicability of this approach in practice through an analysis of a specific company, LLP «Knauf», on the Kazakhstan market.

Понятие и признаки правовой системы общества как динамичной и нелинейно развивающейся структуры

The article is devoted to the study of the key features of the legal system of society, which characterize it as a nonlinear, dynamically developing, complexly organized form of coexistence of legal phenomena, through which the impact on social relations is carried out. Based on the study of the key stages in the formation of the legal system as one of the most important categories of jurisprudence and its elemental composition, the thesis is substantiated that the most important features of a legal system should include its ability to self-organize, adaptability, emergence, alternative development, relative self-sufficiency and autonomy in constant active interaction with other social systems. The conclusion is formulated that the legal system of society is both an object of research and an analytical instrument that should be used when carrying out a systemic-structural analysis of social phenomena and processes.

Public trust in Chinese elder-care social enterprises: common awareness and diverse perspectives from key stakeholders

Chinese elder-care social enterprises (SEs), emerging hybrid organizations that address welfare problems in elder care through business activities, face ambiguity as the institutionalization of the SE sector is growing rapidly. Few studies have focused on changes in public behavior and trust in this emerging organizational form. The purpose of this research is to identify public trust in Chinese elder-care SEs through the theoretical lens of stakeholder trust. A qualitative methodology was adopted in this study. Common awareness and diverse perspectives among stakeholders were identified by conducting 17 semi-interviews and 3 participatory observations on 5 key stakeholder groups of Chinese elder-care SE, followed by a thematic analysis. The findings identified common awareness and diverse perspectives among stakeholders. First, weak public awareness and confusion were emphasized toward the concept and practice of elder-care SEs. Additionally, although conceptualizing the hybrid nature evoked positive perceptions, the analysis identified a weak consensus about SE norms. In terms of the diverse perspectives of stakeholders, this study found that stakeholders manifested heterogeneous rigor and adherence to social and business dimensions, suggesting the hybrid nature of elder-care SEs. We further interpreted these diverse findings and proposed a framework to explicate different characteristics of stakeholder trust on the basis of hybridity. This research fills a research gap by providing empirical findings on the public trust of an emerging organization. Despite its limitations, the findings demonstrated an understanding of public trust through a relationship-specific perspective, which qualitatively integrated the commonalities and particularities of entities that constitute the public. This work contributes to future studies through its theoretical scope and analytic framework.

Эффективность оптимизации здравоохранения: правовые аспекты

The article analyzes the contradictory nature of legislative and other legal acts of federal and regional authorities on the introduction of “new forms of labor and wage organization” in the healthcare sector. The negative consequences of such legal measures are described. The next intentions of the developers of legal sources dedicated to correcting negative situations in the economy are noted.

Big Science: before and after the Manhattan Project

Abstract Although the concept of Big Science is not well defined, it is often identified with expensive and government-funded post-World-War II projects in physics and space research. However, this definition is too narrow both with regard to chronology and with regard to the sciences in question. Apart from offering some general comments on the notion of Big Science this paper adopts a historical perspective by singling out a few cases of pre-twentieth century Big Science projects in physics and astronomy. These were exceptions, however, and it was only with the Manhattan Project and the early generations of high-energy accelerators that the Big Science era truly started. As argued the development involved new forms of organisation as well as new ethical problems relating to the role and responsibility of the individual scientist.

The Story of Czech Anarchism: Ideas and Practices of Czech Libertarians, 1883‐1930

The rich history of Czech anarchism is not well-known internationally. The movement was comprised of thousands of proletarians (especially Northern Bohemian miners) and some important poets. It ended in a surprising and original way with the formation of an anarchist political party in 1914. This led to participation in national governments between 1918 and 1922. To explain the dynamics, the article narrates five separate stories of the Czech anarchism. After a summary recounting the development of the Czech anarchist movement from a temporal and spatial point of view, it examines ideas about the individual and society, organisational forms and organisations, and, finally, the national question, gender, and direct action.

Network technologies as a tool for self-presentation of small religious groups (the case of Buddhism new for Russia)

This article analyses the results of a long-term study of the strategies of the Russian-speaking Buddhist community in relation to the Internet and new media. The authors present the results of a study of two cases of Buddhist digital innovators - communities of the Russian-speaking branch of the International Dzogchen Community and Russian Theravada. The authors chose these two cases for analysis, since they are representative for the sociological consideration of the multidimensional connections between online and offline communications of Russian digital Buddhism. The subject of the study seems to be especially relevant, since in modern sociology more and more attention is paid to the study of the influence of media technologies, the Internet and social media on religious traditions, practices and forms of social organisation of religion. The reason for this is the deepening process of mediatisation of modern societies. It has brought with it fundamental transformations of various spheres of social activity. Religions are involved in the process of mediatisation, that poses a number of serious questions that require new answers unknown to their traditions. Thus, the digitalisation of sacred texts brings with it the devaluation of the tradition of canonical knowledge and interpretation of sacred texts. In this complex context of reformatting social reality, Russian traditional religions are developing their own reflections and responses to the risks of mediatisation. On the Russian-language Internet, Orthodoxy, Islam, Judaism and Buddhism are represented by a rich variety of websites of the corresponding religious communities and centres of various trends, podcasts, channels, publics, groups and blogs on social networks. And, as the results of sociological research demonstrate, the discussion of the correlation of the value-normative coordinates of everyday life with religious-doctrinal regulation serves as the semantic core of trans-local religious communications mediated by media. New digital media challenge religious traditional values, since they provide space and ways of forming new religious authorities, new ways of influencing a certain religious group. The study was conducted using a methodology developed by the authors, combining methods of mathematical modelling and qualitative sociology. The authors conclude that, paradoxically, non-traditional Buddhist organisations in Russia have adopted an innovative strategy and have proven to be very creative in attracting new media and promoting their own presentations in the public space. And the directions of Buddhism that have been institutionalised in the past 30 years, on the contrary, are conservative.

Развитие административно-территориального устройства Кабардино-Балкарии в 1920-е го-ды: проблемы, задачи, тенденции

The article studies the problems of internal administrative and territorial reorganization of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast (Region) in the 1920s. During this period, there was an active process of searching for effective forms of power organization, the formation of a system of Soviet autonomies and the establishment of a new Russian state in the region. In such circum-stances, the Soviet government identified one of the fundamental factors of state national policy as taking into account the interests of non-titular peoples living closely in national autonomies – national minorities. In Kabardino-Balkaria, those minorities included Cossacks, mountain Jews, Germans, Kumyks, etc. The governance of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast (Region) has actively joined in solving the issues of their self-determination. At the same time, certain forms of self-determination of national minorities provided for direct subordination to regional authorities. The administrative and territorial transformations carried out in the 1920s affected the foundations of the national autonomy of the Kabardian and Balkarian peoples, which was reflected in the institutional transformation and involvement in its structure of the majority of peoples liv-ing on the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria. The issues of self-determination of national minorities were considered in July 1925 at the plenum of the Central Executive Committee of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast (Re-gion), the transcript and protocol of the decision of which are published as an appendix to this ar-ticle. They are of great scientific importance for understanding the main problems, tasks and trends in the development of the administrative and territorial development of Kabardino-Balkaria in the reviewed period.

Turnip hoeing matches in Aberdeenshire, 1840–1940: Material practice and cultural impact

Abstract This article explores the competitive hoeing matches, which were a significant feature of certain parts of Scottish rural life in the period 1840 to 1940. An analysis of newspaper reports shows how important such matches were in Aberdeenshire, attracting significant numbers of both competitors and spectators. By contrast, similar reports for the rest of Scotland show only a small number of such matches outside the northeast. Reasons for the differences are attributed to both material factors, such as the visibility of cultivation, and the social structure of the areas. In Aberdeenshire, a culture valorising hard work and skill was set in a social structure of small farmers and farm servants, which led to self-sustaining organisational forms. By contrast, elsewhere a top-down form of organisation prioritising the needs of farm productivity meant that competitive hoeing matches failed to kindle much enthusiasm. The value of a focus on taken-for-granted practices is the way it can shed light on such contrasts.

Collaborative Optimization of a Matrix Manufacturing System Based on Overall Equipment Effectiveness

When several traditional flow-shop lines operate in parallel, the operation mode with no communication between production lines will no longer be the optimal production paradigm. This paper describes matrix manufacturing systems (MMS) in a general manner from the perspective of related works, comparing different manufacturing organizational forms and their characteristics. Subsequently, MMS are extracted during the parallel production of multiple surface mount technology (SMT) lines. An overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) online calculation model and a collaborative optimization method are proposed based on the OEE of the MMS. The innovative idea of this study is to divide existing multiple parallel SMT lines into MMS. The efficiency of each matrix unit (MU) was calculated, and a collaborative optimization method was proposed based on an indicator (OEE). In this paper, an example of eight SMT lines is presented. The partitioning of MUs, OEE calculation of each MU, and the low OEE unit collaborative optimization method are described in detail. Through a case study, the architecture of the collaborative optimization model for the MMS was constructed and discussed. Finally, the improvement in the OEE proved the effectiveness and usability of the proposed architecture.

Three Shanghai General Meetings and Catholic Publishing in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

The Catholic publishing undertaking in China experienced significant growth in the first half of the twentieth century, both in the scale and in the form of organization. This effort’s importance is twofold: for the Church in China back then, publications facilitated communications both inside and outside the Church; for researchers today, these files contain a vast amount of information on Catholic life, valuable for the enrichment of historical understanding. This paper uncovers the internal driving mechanism of this process through three Shanghai general meetings: the Plenary Council in 1924, the All-China General Congress of Catholic Action in 1935 and the Catholic Press Convention in 1947. The co-ordination fostered by these meetings generated resilience and efficiency for publishing activities allowing them to be sustained and to prosper during an unsettling period. The Council heralded cross-congregational and cross-national co-operation by standardizing publishing practices and forming designated central organizations. Inheriting these guidelines, Catholic journalist delegates of the Catholic Action Congress in 1935 gathered to discuss practical methods, leading to a proliferation of Catholic publications. Despite setbacks during the Sino-Japanese War, Catholic publishing quickly resumed following the Press Convention held in 1947, which reinforced collaboration regardless of affiliations through a central organization. The three general meetings not only showcase the historical trajectory of Catholic publishing, but also the constant endeavor to bridge gaps between communities.

Envisioning ecological security through local direct action: community resistance with global resonance

ABSTRACT As climate change becomes a pressing concern for policymakers and citizens around the world, a variety of security discourses have emerged framing the environment as a security issue. While dominant frameworks focus on securing national interests, the international order, or individuals, the ecological security framework presents an alternative discourse. Ecological security requires a refocusing of the security discourse onto the environment itself, vulnerable communities, and future generations, and requires the exploration of alternative, relational forms of social and economic organisation. This framework has often been discounted as an impractical and radical alternative to dominant discourses, however, I argue that ecological security can, and is, being enacted by local communities around the world through radically relational activist methodologies. I suggest that direct action methodology employed by environmental activists can enable the enactment of ecological security by local communities. By investigating the connections and overlaps between blockade-style activism, direct action methodology, and Indigenous resurgence, it is possible to envision a locally-based, radically relational, bottom-up model of ecological security. Through an investigation of the conflict between Wet’suwet’en land defenders and the Coastal GasLink pipeline, this community-activist-ecological security nexus is drawn out and examined as a possible path forward for climate security.

Social services and organizational legal forms of their provision

Social services and organizational legal forms of their provision

ДИНАМИКА РАЗВИТИЯ БИЗНЕС-ДЕМОГРАФИИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ И ЕЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПОДХОДЫ К ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The relevance of the research is justified by the change in the external environment of organizations’ activities, which is manifested in the integration of ICT technologies into the sphere of organizations’ activities. The turbulence of the external environment also affects the business demography of organizations that require detailed analysis. The study presents the cur - rent structure of organizations in the cross-section of various organizational and legal forms and reveals the current share of non-financial corporations in the gross value added of Russia. Shows changes in the business demographics of domestic com- mercial organizations by form of ownership, current number, opening and closing in the 21st century. The dynamics of activity in the registration of new IT-organizations and in the use of special software by commercial organizations is reflected, and the dynamics of IT-industry development by main indicators is revealed. The growth of the share of IT-organizations in the total number of different organizations over time is revealed. The influence of the dynamics of development of business demogra- phy of commercial organizations on the established approaches to assessing the effectiveness of their activities has been es - tablished. The necessity to revise these approaches in the conditions of the digital economy has been substantiated, and the corresponding proposals have been put forward.

Environmental protest outcomes in austerity-era neoliberalism: perseverance and politics

ABSTRACT This paper explores environmental protest outcomes during the decade of the 2010s in the UK. In doing so, it presents the results of a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of all 54 major environmental protest campaigns during the period. The study explores alternative causal conditions relating to a number of strategic and tactical options that environmental movements typically face. It finds that two alternative routes were sufficient for environmental protest campaigns to be successful: perseverance over time, in which longstanding campaigns staged a relatively large number of protest events; and instances where opposition political parties drew on, and supported, the demands of protesters. Interestingly, some of the more contested tactical options, including whether to adopt more or less disruptive methods, were inconclusive in explaining the successful outcome of protest-led campaigns. The article argues that this supports the case for tactical diversity. The findings show how in a context of austerity-era neoliberalism, where the government was (ostensibly) committed to tackling climate change, then protests (regardless of the organisational form or type of protest) proved able to exert effective pressure upon the government and firms, to ensure some degree of concession to the climate movement, provided that the protest campaign was able to persevere over time and/or secure the support of opposition political parties. This suggests a susceptibility, by both the state and firms during austerity-era neoliberalism, to (considerable) popular and political pressure arising from protest, but in the absence of which economic interests would otherwise take priority over environmental concerns.