Organizational Forms Research Articles

Stakeholder Engagement in an Unconventional Form of Organizing: What Can We Learn from Hackathons?

Stakeholder Engagement in an Unconventional Form of Organizing: What Can We Learn from Hackathons?

An energy transition for all: Investigating determinants of citizen support for energy community initiatives on the island of Mayotte

For an equitable transition towards a decentralized and clean energy future, the involvement and active participation of citizens is needed, exemplified by new organizational forms such as Energy Communities (ECs). While determinants of citizen engagement in renewable energy projects have received some attention in the literature, research mostly focuses on continental Europe, with limited understanding of the perceptions and motivations of citizens living in the Global South or in contexts of poverty and marginalization. Using novel survey data (n = 392) and insights from 16 key informant interviews from the French overseas territory Mayotte, we investigate citizens' perception of renewable energies and ECs and their willingness to participate in such initiatives, confirming high support of the local population for a community-based energy transition. Through exploratory factor analysis and subsequent multivariate regressions, we identify the factors Environmental Awareness, Access to Services and Social Inclusion as important determinants of citizen engagement, with Environmental Awareness exhibiting particularly strong and robust effects on both general support and the willingness to actively participate in an EC. Establishing the housing situation of respondents as a proxy for socio-economic status (SES), we find positive effects of SES on EC support, which is mediated by the identified factors and thereby represents a fourth, underlying determinant of support. Our research underscores the vital importance of considering the multifaceted, diverse perceptions and motivations of the local population to achieve the vision of an equitable transition. Inclusion of needs and priorities of various socio-economic groups, particularly the most vulnerable community members, is essential.

From global diffusion to local semantics: unpacking the scientization of central banks

Abstract This article investigates the scientization of central banks and analyzes the evolving knowledge production. Existing literature suggests that scientized knowledge production either becomes globally more similar over time or is driven by local political economy considerations. However, research on the structure of central bank knowledge production is lacking. To address this, I conduct semantic network analysis on 75 000 central bank working papers and articles from top economics journals. Findings show global organizational forms of knowledge production have diffused, but semantics remain localized. The semantic structure becomes increasingly clustered over time, with a notable division between the Federal Reserve System (FED) and non-FED clusters. Only Federal Reserve produces knowledge aligned with top academic journals. Cluster differences are not solely due to mandates or political contexts but depend on specific policy environments. This research illuminates the evolution of knowledge production within central banks and underscores the influence of organizational and policy contexts.

Higher-order networks for Business Ecosystems Computational Modeling

Ecosystems are nowadays a dominant organizational form in the digital age. But this construct lacks consensus on its empirical scope, its key theoretical features and its theoretical roots. The paper proposes an integrative framework as well as a method and a tool for calculating an ecosystem based on simplicial complexes and the HYPE platform. It concludes that a data-driven and visualization approach is needed to the study of the dynamic, emergent and adaptive dimensions of today’s platform-based ecosystems.

HDF-Net: Capturing Homogeny Difference Features to Localize the Tampered Image.

Modern image editing software enables anyone to alter the content of an image to deceive the public, which can pose a security hazard to personal privacy and public safety. The detection and localization of image tampering is becoming an urgent issue to be addressed. We have revealed that the tampered region exhibits homogenous differences (the changes in metadata organization form and organization structure of the image) from the real region after manipulations such as splicing, copy-move, and removal. Therefore, we propose a novel end-to-end network named HDF-Net to extract these homogeny difference features for precise localization of tampering artifacts. The HDF-Net is composed of RGB and SRM dual-stream networks, including three complementary modules, namely the suspicious tampering-artifact prominent (STP) module, the fine tampering-artifact salient (FTS) module, and the tampering-artifact edge refined (TER) module. We utilize the fully attentional block (FLA) to enhance the characterization ability of homogeny difference features extracted by each module and preserve the specifics of tampering artifacts. These modules are gradually merged according to the strategy of "coarse-fine-finer", which significantly improves the localization accuracy and edge refinement. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HDF-Net performs better than state-of-the-art tampering localization models on five benchmarks, achieving satisfactory generalization and robustness. Code can be found at https://github.com/ruidonghan/HDF-Net/.

Implementation of Cooperative Learning Method to Enhance the Students' Learning Ability and Students' Core Competencies

Modern society is complex and ever-changing. To adapt to this situation, the level of education must be continuously enhanced, and college students who are about to enter society are the group that needs the most attention. As a creative and effective teaching organizational form and teaching strategy, the cooperative learning method plays an important role in education and teaching. This article research aims to achieve the following two goals: 1) Compare students' learning abilities after the cooperative learning method and traditional teaching method. 2) Compare students’ core competencies after the cooperative learning method and traditional teaching method. The participants in this study were students studying physics at Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities in China. It includes a control group consisting of 30 students and an experimental group consisting of 30 students. The research tool used a Likert scale question, and the data were analyzed using normal distribution and standard deviation. The research results show that students' learning ability and core competencies after the cooperative learning method are better than traditional teaching method (P<0.01).

The roman saltworks of the Atlantic coast of Gallaecia: Traces and evidence of a large sea salt production complex

Judging by the numerous references to its many uses and applications in the literary sources, salt was a precious commodity in Antiquity. However, the archaeological traces of sea salt production are rather scarce with only a few known sites throughout the Mediterranean preserving remains of ancient salinae. In the Roman Empire as a whole, it is the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula that has provided the greatest amount of direct evidence of sea salt production. After analysing the archaeological evidence documented in excavations and field surveys conducted during the past 10 years, this paper describes the Roman salt landscapes on the Atlantic coast of ancient Gallaecia, the distribution of evidence, and the chronological indicators allowing to date them to the Roman Imperial period. The legal and tax system determining the forms of ownership and labour organization of saltworks is also examined. In light of the results, it is possible to conclude that on the northwest Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula there was a major sea salt and fish salting production network which had a direct impact on the socioeconomic structure of provincial society.

How do platform multinational corporations address emerging challenges in the global landscape? A ‘READ’ framework

The prevalence of platform-based multinational corporations (PMNCs) has been increasing, and these businesses are encountering several growing challenges. These challenges include the dynamics and diversification of the global Regulatory context (R), the evolution of platform Ecosystems as innovative organization forms (E), the emergence of Artificial intelligence technologies as a new capability (A), and the introduction of Data as a novel resource (D). A ‘READ’ framework is proposed to guide the research of PMNCs based on four dimensions. This framework aims to enhance comprehension of the challenges faced by PMNCs within the global context and to offer direction for future research endeavors.

Training of Imams, Murshidat and Muslim Religious Leaders: Experiences and Open Questions—An Overview of Italy

Muslims in Italy are an increasingly large and relevant part of the social fabric, although their social condition is still characterized by a “precarious” status. This is explained by a relationship with State institutions that is not yet fully defined in formal terms and by resistance to legitimizing their presence in the public space. In addition, international events have led to the spread of a securitarian political rhetoric and to the intensification of “control” devices on the organized forms and public manifestations of Muslim religiosity. One issue that has concerned political interlocutors has been the training of “imams”. This paper presents the Italian case of training “on” and “of” Islam, analyzing it as a contested field, albeit in a not open and hostile form, between the different social and institutional actors, that is Italian universities, Islamic organizations and transnational Islam and Islam “of the States”. It then analyzes the approach that has been developed and experimented by an Italian State university for the training of imams and murshidat, in collaboration with Italian Islamic organizations and some universities in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries, and it also discusses how it fits in as a possible innovative model among the various “assemblages” that have emerged in Europe in recent years.

The nonhuman and coming community in the selected works of Olga Tokarczuk

ABSTRACT This paper explores the plight of nonhumans and the form of the coming community through the status quo of border-crossing bodies in selected works by Olga Tokarczuk in light of biopolitics. It highlights the link between dehumanization and biopolitics and argues that the nonhuman becomes a foundation of modern sovereignty. The nonhuman is produced by an inclusive exclusion, where the violence enters in and maintains the sovereign, and this anthropocentric mechanism becomes the fundamental political paradigm. To resist this anthropocentrism, Tokarczuk proposes a new form of community, the ‘airport-republic’ with fluid trans-borders, for opening up a new subject construction model and human organization form for post-Holocaust humanity. However, it is easy for these people who are invisible or becoming nonhuman to fall into the indistinguishable zone between humans and animals, between bios (politically qualified life) and zoē (bare life). They cannot be guaranteed by the sovereignty power, thereby falling back again into the logic of the Holocaust.

A systematic solution of distributed and trusted chain-network integration

Blockchain, with its characteristics of decentralization, transparency, openness, and intangibility, has become the preferred choice for enhancing the credibility of the industrial cluster network platform. Industrial clusters are an important organizational form for developing small and medium-sized enterprises, and the information service platform plays a key role. This paper constructs a trusted paradigm model and a new trusted framework for the industrial cluster network platform and proposes an adaptive distributed network scheme. Specifically, it includes a decentralized and non-repudiable solution for the autonomous scenario of the industrial cluster Industrial Internet, promoting the transformation of the network into a self-adjusting and self-managing distributed network, enhancing the credibility of the platform, and reducing the negative impact of distrust and information asymmetry; it proposes three models (private chain, alliance chain, and public chain) for the integration of blockchain and the Industrial Internet, providing a secure and reliable support platform for the development of industrial clusters, solving the problem of information asymmetry, promoting trust and synergy, and maximizing the synergistic effect; from the perspective of security and reliability, it deeply analyzes the industrial cluster network platform, proposes a trusted framework, and realizes the data layer and application layer of the network with the help of blockchain technology. The experimental results show that these models meet the requirements of the industrial cluster in terms of data privacy, control, and credibility and have a positive significance for promoting the development and digital transformation of the industrial cluster.

Evolution of Cellular Organization Along the First Branches of the Tree of Life.

Current evidence suggests that some form of cellular organization arose well before the time of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Standard phylogenetic analyses have shown that several protein families associated with membrane translocation, membrane transport, and membrane bioenergetics were very likely present in the proteome of the LUCA. Despite these cellular systems emerging prior to the LUCA, extant archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes have significant differences in cellular infrastructure and the molecular functions that support it, leading some researchers to argue that true cellularity did not evolve until after the LUCA. Here, we use recently reconstructed minimal proteomes of the LUCA as well as the last archaeal common ancestor (LACA) and the last bacterial common ancestor (LBCA) to characterize the evolution of cellular systems along the first branches of the tree of life. We find that a broad set of functions associated with cellular organization were already present by the time of the LUCA. The functional repertoires of the LACA and LBCA related to cellular organization nearly doubled along each branch following the divergence of the LUCA. These evolutionary trends created the foundation for similarities and differences in cellular organization between the taxonomic domains that are still observed today.

Technology of formation of professional subjectivity of the future teacher

The article considers the issues of forming the professional subjectivity of future teachers. The article presents an analysis of the literature on the studied issues related to the subjectivity of the student (works by A.V. Beloshitsky, E.N. Volkova, A.V. Gvozdeva, M.V. Isakov, A.D. Kariev, L.G. Maidokina, etc.). Taking into account the specifics of the conditions of vocational pedagogical education, the author’s definition of the professional subjectivity of the future teacher was proposed, which is considered as a complex integrative personality quality that allows the future teacher to make an independent professional choice, plan, organize and evaluate his activities and the activities of students. The article examines the technological aspects of the formation of professional subjectivity of students-teachers. The theoretical and empirical substantiation of the technology of formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers in the process of mastering the content of pedagogical disciplines was presented. The issues of development of pedagogical technologies reflected in the works of V.P. Bespalko, M.V. Klarin, G.K. Selevko, V.A. Slastenin and others were considered. The article describes the components of the developed technology: the conceptual part (philosophical ideas of the subject and the subjectivity of personality, concepts of formation of professional subjectivity of a future specialist, etc.), the substantive part (goals of technology implementation and the content of education), the procedural part (a set of stages, organizational forms and teaching methods used educational technologies). The article also describes the implementation of the stages of technology for the formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers in the process of mastering the content of pedagogical disciplines by students (preparatory, activity, reflexive). The results of the implementation of technology for the formation of professional subjectivity of future teachers in experimental work are presented.

Editorial: Intensive modes of teaching, past, present, and future

A recent overview and brief history of intensive modes of learning and teaching in higher education is presented, with implications for the design, application, impact, governance, and regulation of intensive mode teaching and learning. Previously limited to particular levels of study, or locations in the academic year, intensive modes as new forms of system-wide curriculum and organisation challenge the isomorphism of traditional, symmetrised organisations, while also being able to expand or complement conventional higher education. However, in whole-of-institution intensive mode settings, the importance of systematic awareness and application in adopting and sustaining intensive modes is highlighted, including the need to consider various process variables and pedagogic factors that may impact student learning. Prior research into correlations between these process dimension variables and learning gains offers some insights into the high-impact educational practices that are most likely to improve the quality of student learning outcomes − whether in intensive mode or otherwise. Systemic change requires careful planning, faculty development, and evolving assessment methodologies to ensure the success of intensive mode teaching and learning. Further research in areas such as change management, economics, graduate capabilities, pedagogies, wellness, equity, lifelong learning, and institutional responses would build a more robust evidence base for intensive modes of learning and teaching.

Сучасні тенденції розвитку людського капіталу в глобальному середовищі.

The world’s development currently reflects the influence of globalization processes affecting the world economy, international relations, and human development. Therefore, it is relevant to study changes in human development under the impact of the growing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world. The objective of this article is to determine the impact of global processes on human development, as reflected by the global HDI. The novelty of the article is that it reveals trends in the development of human capital in a global environment under the influence of transnationalization processes, rising international migration, and the growth of global cities. The research relies on the methods of system analysis, scientific generalizations and comparisons, as well as economic and statistical analysis. The article postulates that multinational companies, which have spread in the process of globalization, contributed to the creation of millions of jobs throughout the world, stimulated the demand for highly qualified specialists and the rapid growth of all types of education, and promoted the introduction of new forms of production organization and control enhancing production culture and management. This caused the growth of employees’ incomes, boosted demand for consumer goods, thus stimulating a significant expansion of the range of supplied goods and services, the growth of national production and domestic market, and, finally, enhancing living standards and HDI indicators of the host countries. The rising importance of global demographic trends embraces a noticeable growth of the Earth’s population, which is uneven by country and region, the growth in the percentage of elderly people, especially in the developed countries. An important trend is the growth of international migration resulting from the liberalization of international relations, the development of communications, access to better education, the growth of well-being and expanding opportunities for education and self-realization abroad. The number of international migrants is growing faster than the global population, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. Urbanization and the growth of global cities have a significant impact on human development due to their high rates of employment, highly skilled labor, high professional and cultural level of workers, and high incomes. Such cities have become centers accumulating creative and intellectual capitals. The article exposes that investments in education, welfare, and health care in many countries had a positive long-term (over 30 consecutive years) effect on the growing values of the Human Development Index, as well as the global HDI, although the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted it in 2020. Meanwhile, HDI changes occur differently in different country groups, with OECD countries permanently holding the leading positions. The research adds new qualitative knowledge about human capital, trends in its development in the new conditions of globalization, which strengthens traditional views and enriches alternative approaches to the formation of conceptual understanding of human capital.

Representasi Budaya dan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII

This study aims to (1) describe the representation of culture in Indonesian textbooks grade VII, (2) describe the representation of Pancasila student profile in Indonesian textbooks grade VII. This research is a qualitative research and uses case study method with content analysis approach. The data source of this research is the seventh grade Indonesian textbook. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling. Data collection was done by document analysis. The data validity test technique used was data source triangulation. The results of this study are, in the seventh grade Indonesian textbooks, cultural representations are found to be described through Koentjaraningrat's cultural elements in the form of language, technological systems, livelihood systems, social organization, knowledge systems, religious systems, and arts. Second, in the seventh grade Indonesian textbook, there is a representation of the Pancasila student profile which is divided into six dimensions, namely faith, fear of God Almighty; and noble character; global diversity; mutual cooperation; independent; critical reasoning; and creative. In the discussion, the six dimensions are then further divided based on the existing key elements

ИГРА КАК ФОРМА ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РЕЧЕВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОВЛАДЕНИЯ РУССКИМ КАК ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКОМ

The form of Organization of the Game in Speech Activity in the Process of Mastering Non-Native (Russian) Language Summary The article focuses on the role of game in teaching Russian as a foreign language. Emphasis is placed on didactic functions of the game during the formation of the communicative competence. The relevance of the research is determined by the change in the educational paradigm and the increasing interest in the game forms of practical training. The role of the game in the light of new educational tasks is analyzed. The role of the game in the development of students' communication skills is shown. The article concludes that the usage of the game gives a positively affection on the learning process and its results. Key words: game method, communicative games, interactivity, modern teaching methods, Russian as a foreign language

Geophysics elucidate long-term socio-ecological dynamics of foraging, pastoralism, and mixed subsistence strategies on SW Madagascar

The environmental impacts of human societies are generally assumed to correlate with factors such as population size, whether they are industrialized, and the intensity of their landscape modifications (e.g., agriculture, urban development). As a result, small-scale communities with subsistence economies are often not the focus of long-term studies of environmental impact. However, comparing human-environment dynamics and their lasting ecological legacies across societies of different scales and forms of organization and production is important for understanding landscape change at regional to global scales. On Madagascar, ecological and cultural diversity, coupled with climatic variability, provide an important case study to examine the role of smaller-scale socioeconomic practices (e.g., fishing, foraging, and herding) on long-term ecological stability. Here, we use multispectral satellite imagery to compare long-term ecological impacts of different human livelihood strategies in SW Madagascar. Our results indicate that the nature of human-environmental dynamics between different socioeconomic communities are similar. Although some activities leave more subtle traces than others, geophysics highlight similar signatures across a landscape inhabited by communities practicing a range of subsistence strategies. Our results further demonstrate how Indigenous land stewardship is integrated into the very fabric of ecological systems in SW Madagascar with implications for conservation and sustainability.

Pengaruh Dimensi Budaya Nasional Hofstede terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan di Pemerintah Kota Kupang

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Hofstede's national cultural dimensions in the form of power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, feminism, and long term organization on employee performance in financial management in the Kupang City Government. This type of research is based on the characteristics of the research variables using survey research. By using a correlative associative quantitative approach (causal/cause and effect). The research results show that the variables power distance, individualism, masculinity, long term organization have a positive and significant effect on employee performance in financial management. Meanwhile, the uncertainty advoidance variable has a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance in financial management in the Kupang City Government.

Polyarchy and societas: an extended continuum of discrete structural alternatives

Abstract Horizontal, multilateral and polycentric forms of governance, albeit important in reality, represent a challenge for the now dominant use of the ‘market and hierarchy’ continuum of structural alternatives. This paper proposes a broader characterisation of both poles of the continuum of governance forms that would enhance the understanding of both intra- and inter-organisational governance. One side of the continuum would encompass examples of ‘societas’, for example, legal entities (among which firms) unifying property rights and deliberately coordinating actions through a wide set of voice-based mechanisms, including non-hierarchical ones. The other side of the continuum would encompass ‘polyarchies’, that is, forms of decentralised coordination among nodes deciding autonomously, but not necessarily linked by transactions of goods and services coordinated by prices, such as market exchanges. This paper uses several cases from the agri-food sector to show that many ‘strange’ unclassified forms can be described, explained and assessed as hybrids between polyarchy and societas. The final section of the paper proposes some refinements in the independent variables to be used in the comparative assessment of organisation forms and new propositions that can be derived for future research.