Forms Of Leisure Activities Research Articles

Association between Physical Activity, Diet Quality and Leisure Activities of Young Poles.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between eating behaviours, sedentary behaviours and physical activity based on a self-reported survey conducted on a sample of the Polish population of adolescents aged 13-16. The field survey was conducted on a nationwide group of 6818 respondents. The object of the statistical analysis was to develop a model regarding the influence of selected socio-demographic characteristics on engaging in physical activity and selected dietary behaviours. Due to the dichotomous nature of the dependent variable, logistic regression models were used in the model. It was found that the higher the level of physical activity, the more well-balanced the diet, including higher levels of fruit consumption, water consumption and protein-containing products, as well as the relatively less frequent occurrence of sedentary behaviour as a form of leisure activity. However, there is a constant need to develop, in cooperation with scientific and research institutions and educational establishments, mechanisms for influencing a change in the behaviour of young people towards a more pro-healthy lifestyle so that the effects of these educational activities are not only reflected in an increase in the level of knowledge in this area but also contribute to real changes in dietary behaviour.

АРХИТЕКТУРА И ДИЗАЙН ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ МЕГАПОЛИСОВ

The modern functional and planning environment of megacities is undergoing significant changes under the influence of the restructuring of the system of needs of the population. New forms of territorial and spatial relations, forms of leisure activities, impressions from cultural and entertainment events, the active use of new formats of trade services and public catering, as well as the possibility of implementing a wide range of socio-cultural and commercial and household needs along the way, stimulate the masses of the population to visit shopping and entertainment centers and places of concentration of service facilities on shopping streets of cities. The formation of the most important functional planning nodes and spatial channels in the city largely depends today on the nature and intensity of the population's connections that characterize its spatial and consumer behavior. The active inclusion of interdisciplinary information about the sociopsychological and economic context of this phenomenon becomes the prerogative of forming a bank of pre-project information for the architect and designer of the environment during the development and implementation of programs to improve the urban environment and the most important objects of socio-cultural and commercial services of the population. The article examines the role of shopping streets as a powerful tool in the socio-functional and compositional-spatial rehabilitation of peripheral areas of the city, increasing their consumer value, investment and tourist attractiveness.

LEISURE ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

The article describes the theoretical aspects of the organization of leisure time and leisure activities. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, it has been proven that meaningful leisure is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle. The impact of the organization of leisure time on the moral and psychological climate in society, its cultural level, and the physical and moral health of the population is analyzed. It was concluded that meaningful leisure and socially oriented leisure activities are not only components, but also factors of a healthy lifestyle.
 It was noted that the organization of recreational activities has an extraordinary influence on the formation of personality, and the comprehensive and harmonious development of a person is not only a high social ideal, but also a necessary condition for solving the tasks of today's society.
 An attempt was made to implement objective and functional approaches in considering leisure and leisure activities. The implementation of the obgective approach made it possible to determine the content component of leisure time, to highlight the main concepts of leisure time and its principles. The functional approach contributed to focusing attention on the functions of leisure time in the life of a person and society (recreational, entertainment, educational) and factors influencing a person's choice of various forms of leisure activity. Emphasis is placed on the expansion of the scale and qualitative improvement of cultural and educational activities, and the necessity of giving priority to those forms of leisure that stimulate human creative activity, are saturated with intellectual search game and competition, and are capable of forming positive personality qualities.
 Further research of the problem of organizing leisure activities in the process of forming a healthy lifestyle will be aimed at finding new, more effective combinations of content, forms, methods and means, functions and principles of leisure that meet the demands of modern society, interests and needs of different age groups.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MOTIVATION IN THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL IDENTITY ON ECOTOURISM PARTICIPATION INTENTION

The research aims to investigate and explicate the ecotourism participation intention of tourists by merging the global identity phenomenon within the conceptual framework of value-basis theory for environmental concern. It delineates the transformative role of adopting global identity on values and consumption habits. To fulfill the aim, research hypotheses are tested using a database derived from the viewpoint of 374 tourists having participated in some form of leisure activity in the preceding 12 months. Hypothesis testing is conducted via PLS-SEM. It is revealed that global identity plays an outstanding role in terms of the predictive ability of motivation factors - normative, altruistic, and biospheric. What is more, both biospheric and normative motivation appear to enhance the intention to participate in ecotourism-type travel. As for altruistic motivation, it is seen to have an insignificant effect on ecotourism-related participation intention.

Tourist Potential of the Kemerovo Region: Management Specifics

Travel and tourism (travel & tourism) – forms of leisure activities that combine different types of recreation. Tourism in Russia is developing dynamically, but ambiguously. Kuzbass is a territory with unique natural, cultural and historical resources that make up the tourism potential of the region. But when determining the strategy of the tourism industry, the assessment of the tourism potential was not carried out. The article analyzes the problems of assessing the tourist potential of the Kemerovo region. The results of the author’s study of the tourism potential showed that the resources of the region (natural, historical, cultural) are practically not taken into account by tourism development programs. One of the reasons is the limited understanding of the Kuzbass tourism development strategy. Analysis of the problem of using the tourist potential of the Kemerovo region showed that the main driver of tourism development today is ski tourism. Another reason lies in the exclusion of the main link from management schemes – a person with his needs and preferences in recreation and travel. Expanding the strategic horizons of managing the tourism industry in the region, studying the needs of people in the field of tourist leisure determine the vectors of tourism development in Kuzbass. The authors of the article believe that the assessment of tourism potential should be carried out not only by describing the presence / absence of a particular resource, but also based on the uniqueness of resource objects, their diversity, density of distribution within the region, accessibility, and their physical condition. The authors analyze the strategy for the development of the tourism industry in Kuzbass, adopted by the regional administration, using an expert survey and mapping. As a result of the analysis of documents describing the scheme of the Kuzbass tourist cluster, additional opportunities were identified for the development of the tourist potential of the region.

ANTHROPOLOGY OF OLD RUSSIAN LAZINESS AND IDLENESS

The article examines Old Russian texts through the prism of socio-anthropological theory. The author focuses on the texts in which the researcher can hear the “voice of Old Russian laziness”. The article provides an overview of fragments of ancient Russian texts in which the thoughts and emotions of an idle, lazy person are expressed. In addition, the article focuses on the cultural forms of idle, recreational behavior. The author shows that the ancient Russian society condemned some forms of idleness, and encouraged some forms of idleness. In the article, the author substantiates the thesis that many forms of leisure activities (for example, playing chess), which are considered respected forms of leisure in modern society, were strictly condemned by the church in ancient times and were officially prohibited. At the same time, some forms of idleness, condemned by the official, "high" culture, continued, nevertheless, to exist among the majority of the population. The author comes to the conclusion about the typological similarity of the ancient Russian culture of idleness with its contemporary medieval European.

Commemorative Events and Public Rituals: Redefining Our Leisure Engagement with Violent Death As Healing Practice And/through Social Activism

The article examines the concepts of public grief and social activism in the context of commemorative events, such as candlelight vigils. These candlelight vigils can be viewed as a form of leisure activity as individuals freely chose to attend the event during their free time. Attending such events has the potential to provide therapy to the attendees and contribute towards their well-being, similar to the phenomenon of individuals visiting roadside memorials and locally created shrines following an unexpected and/or violent death. The article focuses on the candlelight vigils held to commemorate high profile murders of women as part of the violence against women focus in Victoria, Australia. These events also provide attendees with the opportunity to engage in social activism, reinforcing that these events provide the opportunity to engage in a blend of both private and public mourning; and may encourage social good via activism, which also may be a form of therapeutic practice for well-being. The article introduces the concept of grief leisure as a way to conceptualize the attendance at public event vigils as a therapeutic practice to help deal with grief.

Женский круг общения и досуг в первой трети XVIII века по судебно-следственным документам

An attempt is made to reconstruct the female social circle and ways of spending leisure time in the 1700s–1730s. The fact that the reforms of Peter the Great transformed the everyday life of the noblewomen and gave them access to previously inaccessible forms of leisure activities has received sufficient coverage in historiography. But the impact of the reforms on the lives of pea-sant and urban women is still little studied. The purpose of the study is to find out how ties were built in society in the era of Peter’s reforms, how, on the one hand, representatives of different so-cial groups interacted with each other, and on the other hand, how relations between the sexes de-veloped. The analysis of forensic documents was used. This type of source is not obvious for the study of this topic, however, by focusing on situations and practices mentioned by the participants in the proceedings, but not directly related to conflict situations, the researcher is able to restore some details of everyday life. It was possible to raise questions about the impact of Peter the Great’s reforms on social ties and types of entertainment for women of the lower classes, about clashes with neighbors and scolding as specifically women’s types of violence, about the possibilities of forensic documents as sources for studying everyday life. The conclusion is made about the significant impact of housing and recruiting duties on building social ties and spending leisure time by women from the “grassroots”, as well as previously unknown archival sources are put into circulation.

SOVIET HOUSES OF SCIENTISTS: PRACTICES OF CAPTURING THE SOVIET CULTURAL SPACE BY THE UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENTSIA OF THE 1920s–1930s

The article considers the history of the first years in organizing and functioning of cultural institutions – Houses of Scientists – as a specific form of institutionalization of Soviet cultural traditions. The Houses of scientists from the moment of their creation were designed to cultivate the Soviet way of life. Attention is focused on creating new forms of leisure activities on weekdays and holidays. The activity of the Houses of Scientists was strictly regulated. The work of special cultural commissions, organization and holding Soviet holidays within the walls of the Houses of Scientists were supposed to contribute to the erasure of old traditions and the formation of new/Soviet ones. On the basis of archival sources and memoir literature, an attempt is made to study the reflection of the intelligentsia on the actions of the authorities. The specific position of the intelligentsia on the emergence of new cultural traditions is traced. A diverse palette of moods of the university intelligentsia is shown, which is based not only on the attitude to the new government, but on socio-psychological motivation as well. Various social practices of scientists and the degree of their influence on the formation and activity of newly created cultural institutions are considered. Using the example of the work carried out in the Houses of Scientists, the process and specifics of the “transition” of the universities intelligentsia to the Soviet norms and traditions are considered. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of functioning of the Houses of Scientists as a new cultural space in which the “Soviet” and pre-revolutionary traditions of the life and activities of the university intelligentsia collided and intertwined in a bizarre way. The place of the Houses of Scientists in the first post-revolutionary decades (1920s–1930s) was determined, which, as a result of the scientists’ activities, became centers not only and not so much ideological, but rather cultural and educational activities. The paper traces the direct connection between the policy of the Soviet government in the field of higher education and the transformation of the socio-cultural space of the university intelligentsia as a whole. The paper emphasizes a special influence of the socio-professional and cultural space on the formation of intelligentsia’s ideological positions in the 1920s–1930s. Ultimately, fundamental questions are raised about the place and the role of the university intelligentsia in the early Soviet period.

INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF TRAINING TEACHERS FOR ORGANIZING LEISURE ACTIVITY

Features of preparation of future teachers for carrying out of interactive training technologies in the course of the organization of leisure activity in the conditions of rest in summer camps are examined. It is noted that various forms of leisure activities in the summer camp can support the emotional health of children, overcome their own shortcomings, form the will and character. Advice and methods for conducting the case method are given: selection of material (material should be selected in such a way as to reflect the problems that participants may face in real life); the availability of alternatives (the situation around which the discussion takes place should have been sufficiently diverse and have several solutions). The advantages of the case method are described: realism (the use of this method significantly complemented the theoretical aspects of the problem); pressure reduction (case method gave a unique opportunity to study complex or emotionally significant issues in a safe training atmosphere, not in real life, with real threats and risks in case of making the wrong decision); active interaction (communicative nature of the method provided an opportunity to provide a quick but very important assessment of the issues under discussion and the proposed solution). It is proved that interactive pedagogical technology in the process of organizing leisure activities of a person (as a set of a series of consecutive actions aimed at achieving a result) was based on the principles of voluntariness, positivity, responsibility, partnership.

Transformation of the students leisure sphere in modern conditions

The types and forms of leisure activities are gradually transformed in modern conditions. It is caused by the objective conditions of modern life, such as informatization and value reorientation of people. The article is about student’s leisure, identifying activities that are preferred by student youth in their free time. During leisure time students prefer activities such as socializing with friends, listening to music, playing computer games, and reading books. Only 12% of students indicated that they doing exercised during leisure time. It is established that one of the most popular types of employment among students in modern conditions is e- sports. E-sports it is a new direction in the leisure activities of different age’s people and social status, a type of competitive activities and special practices of preparation for competitions based on computer or video games. E-sport is very popular among students but its development and implementation in leisure is just beginning. The reason for the negative attitude towards e-sports is the lack of physical activity. The positive impact of e-sports on the development of thought processes, logic, stability, independence, speed of reaction, attention, memory, development of teamwork and programming skills, the formation of general computer literacy is established. Prospects for further research are to determine the directions of formation positive attitude of students to use e-sports in the leisure process.

A Meaning-Aware Cultural Tourism Intelligent Navigation System Based on Anticipatory Calculation.

To improve the personalized service of cultural tourism, anticipatory calculation has become an essential technology in the content design of intelligence navigation system. Culture tourism, as a form of leisure activity, is being favored by an increasing number of people, which calls for further improvements in the cultural consumption experience. An important component of cultural tourism is for tourists to experience intangible cultural heritage projects with local characteristics. However, from the perspective of user needs and the content adaptive system, there are few suitable intelligent navigation and user demand anticipatory systems for intangible cultural heritage content. Purple clay culture is one of the first batches of national intangible cultural heritage protection projects in China. Therefore, taking purple clay culture exhibition as an example, this paper attempts to analyze the personalized information demand of tourism consumption experience in intangible cultural heritage communication activities with affective computing and meaning-driven innovative design method, by taking the content design in the navigation system as the research object. This paper uses the theory of planned behavior to calculate the relationship between tourists’ attitude, experience behavior, and display information demand. The findings indicate two issues. First, tourists’ demand for the entertainment and leisure attributes of intangible cultural heritage is greater than the demand for educational function attributes. Second, the meaning elements of information can change tourists’ beliefs in intangible cultural heritage and affect their attitude and behavior toward such heritage. According to the research results, strengthening the meaning elements of specific group information can improve people’s cultural identity and tourism satisfaction. The research results provide the basis for the content design direction of future museum intelligent navigation systems.

«Миру — мир, а Господу — слава». О некоторых мотивах творчества Любови Майковой

The works of L. M. Maikova are one of the most striking pages of Russian naive art, which we understand as the work of people of folklore consciousness beyond the genres that exist in folklore consciousness. But in oral folk art, there are works that resemble the poetic compositions of non-professional authors (poetic memoirs, letters in verse, poems with soap opera plots). And painting as such is absent in folk art. Therefore, the pictorial material makes it possible to most clearly differentiate naive amateur creativity and primitivism as a style of author's professional creativity. Naive creativity is not a form of leisure activity, which presupposes the existence of leisure organizations and their management. Naive creativity is a form of leisure practice that denies leadership and any organizational forms. As a phenomenon of leisure practice, naive creativity ceases to be anonymous, becomes authorial and competitive, which means that it becomes art. In Maikova's paintings, as the works of a naive artist, the role of verbal text is higher than in the works of a professional author, so the title is placed in the visual space of the painting itself and performs the function not of the textual frame, but of the text itself. Finally, in the work of a naive artist, ideological layers of different origins are organically combined, sometimes even opposing each other.

Informal Elderly Caregiving and Time Spent on Leisure: Evidence from Time Use Survey

This paper examines the risk of time poverty defined as leisure participation among informal caregivers of adults and older people. We draw on the most recent time use survey conducted in Poland, which incorporated more than 28,000 households in 2013. We assess the extent to which caregivers are more likely to experience shortages of time spent on physical activity, hobbies, and social life. Additional information about respondents’ time preferences allows us to examine not only the objective and relative time deficits of caregivers, but also the subjective and expressed ones. We distinguish between co-resident caregivers and those living outside the household of care recipients, simultaneously accounting for the differences between male and female caregivers, as well as care provided during working days (Monday-Friday), and that provided on weekends (Saturday-Sunday). Our results indicate that caregivers for adults are in general more likely to allocate less time to physical activity, hobbies, and their social lives. This effect, however, is observed primarily among co-resident caregivers, both male and female. The leisure time of caregivers is more noticeably affected during weekends than on working days. Concurrently, caregivers are more likely to admit that they wish to spend more time on different forms of leisure activity. This confirms the hypothesis of a trade-off between time allocated to elderly care and that allocated to self-care, which can be detrimental to the health, life satisfaction, and wellbeing of informal caregivers.

Антропология досуга женщин в ГДР

The article discusses the anthropology of women's leisure activities in the German Democratic Republic. Women's free time in a totalitarian society is defined as quasi-leisure, conventionally divided into public leisure, associated with state mass events, and personal leisure, the content of which was mainly determined by women. Factors that determine the amount of time free from labor and social activities were identified. An analysis of high informative sources, such as women's periodicals and family documentaries of the GDR, allowed to identify aspects of rationing leisure practices by the state and the nature of public response to propaganda methods. The female press is considered as a mechanism for transmitting the normative image of a woman; the content and specifics of publications on free time in various magazines are revealed. The study of family documentaries published on the Internet within the «Open Memory box» – a GDR-specific project, allowed to identify the most common and significant forms of women's leisure activities. Among them there is a unique German tradition of «Freikörperkultur», a free-body culture preserved under socialism. Such forms of leisure activities as external and internal tourism, as well as spending time in the countryside, is analyzed in the context of submission and willfulness strategies within restrictions on freedom of movement under the SED dictatorship. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the traditional German festival culture, as well as the introduction of «new» socialist holidays, including alternative forms of life cycle rites (for example a widely-used rite of passage for youth). Components of the international image of GDR, such as the «reading country» or the «sports nation», are analyzed based on women's periodicals and family documentaries..

Healthy Aging and Happiness in the Korean Elderly Based upon Leisure Activity Type

Background: Leisure activities contribute to a healthy retirement and increase the life satisfaction of the elderly, who may suffer from a stronger sense of emotional isolation, depression, and loneliness. Methods: A total of 397 elderly Koreans aged 65 and over participated in this study on the differences in healthy aging and happiness depending on type of leisure activity (i.e., active, passive, and social activities). A cross-sectional survey design with a purposive sampling method to collect data were employed. SPSS 23.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, and one-way MANOVA. Results: In terms of social health, the passive leisure participants had relatively lower mean scores than the other two groups. For the physical health factor, the active leisure participants had higher mean scores. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of psychological health and happiness with life for the elderly participating in the active, passive, and social leisure activities. This study found that only active leisure activities help the elderly to enjoy their old age by increasing their physical health, indicating that the dissatisfaction and unhappiness incurred with the natural aging process can only be offset by a physical lifestyle. Furthermore, passive leisure activities that are enjoyed alone may impede a socially-healthy aging process. Conclusion: While all forms of leisure activity can provide emotional stability, active leisure activity was deemed the most important in this study, as it helped resolve the most significant hurdle to maintaining health.

Basic Forms of Leisure Activities of the Elderly People of Altai Region

The problems of elderly people concern not only themselves, but also the state and society in general. That is why at present our country gives great importance to the development of social services. In this article the authors present the results of a sociological study which purpose was to determine the forms of leisure activities of the elderly people in the Altai Region.

Formation of a Tourism Entrepreneurial Environment in the Conditions of Competition

The article is devoted to the formation of a tourism entrepreneurial environment in the conditions of competition. It has been established that the tourism industry, although positioned at the state level as a priority sector for the development of the national economy, is not being developed enough. One of the reasons for this situation is the lack of understanding by government representatives of the importance of tourism as an industry and not just as a form of leisure activity. It has been proved that the tourism industry needs to move to a qualitatively new level of development where strategic management is the basis for such development, around which all tourism activities and their management are formed – regular advertising campaigns, long-term development programs, systematic participation in various world tourism forums and other events.

Подросток как читатель: возможности педагогического влияния

The relevance of the research is related to the need to develop pedagogical strategies for the formation of reading generations. The analysis of domestic studies of reading of teenagers for the last 50 years is carried out. We identify and describe the basic characteristics of teenagers reading behavior. Research results show that reading occupies a fairly stable place among the priority forms of leisure activities, despite the growing diversity and availability of other forms of leisure time. But due to the psychological and physiological characteristics of adolescence, their dynam-ism, it is not its main form. It is shown that the reading intensity of teenagers changes under the in-fluence of the social situation. The development of computer technologies, the increase in educa-tional loads, and the general lack of time reduce reading activity, but do not exclude teenagers from reading activities in general. The repertoire of teenager reading is gradually narrowing, limited to 2–3 genres. It is established that the top three most influential agents of influence on teenager reading include friends, parents, and teachers. Conclusions are drawn about the need for pe-dagogical support of teenagers reading activity. The main pedagogical tasks are defined: formation of teenagers’ awareness of the value of reading as a way of intellectual leisure, maintaining the balance of entertainment and cognitive motives for reading, expanding the genre and thematic repertoire of books read.

Leisure, materialism, well-being and the environment

IntroductionThere are increasing concerns that people in modern societies spend too much of their leisure time on activities such as shopping and watching television and that this undermines human well-being and damages the environment. ObjectivesThis paper explores the relationships between materialism, environmental values and life satisfaction on the one hand, and different forms of leisure activities on the other. In particular, it addresses the differences between serious or intrinsically motivating leisure activities and casual or extrinsically motivating activities. MethodThree survey studies were conducted among 16 to 25-year olds in the UK (n=338), Spain (n=417) and China (n=961). ResultsReading books was negatively related to materialism and positively to environmental values and behaviours. Playing sports was associated with higher well-being. Moreover, materialism was negatively associated with environmental values and behaviour. Life satisfaction was higher among those with stronger environmental values and weaker materialism. ConclusionThe findings suggest that sustainable lifestyles, characterised by higher well-being, higher environmental concern and behaviour and lower materialism can be found in each nation. Moreover, such lifestyles are associated with different kinds of leisure engagement. Examining the potentially positive role of reading books rather than being immersed in screen time deserves further attention.