A Meaning-Aware Cultural Tourism Intelligent Navigation System Based on Anticipatory Calculation.

A city of the future is likely to be one where people, sensors, and the environment fuse together into one interconnected, dependent, and intelligent system - a smart city. Accordingly, navigation in a smart city will also change drastically, as intelligent navigation systems will autonomously guide people from one place to another. Using these automated systems, people will be able to navigate to their destination more efficiently, but these systems also appear to decrease cognitive development relevant to learning and memory in everyday activities. By relying more on a navigation system rather than relevant features in the environment, humans may lose the ability to acquire spatial knowledge that, amongst other things, ensures brain development. It is known that people develop these essential cognitive abilities for everyday situations when using analog maps. However, little is known about how analog and automated navigation assistance can be combined to ensure efficient navigation without losing the ability to acquire spatial knowledge. This thesis aims to understand the relationship between a human navigator and partly automated navigation systems in real-world environments, as most navigation experiments up until now have only assessed human behavior and spatial knowledge acquisition in virtual labs. In order to ensure that experiments are based around real-life situations, I have developed an experimental ’WALK-AND-LEARN’ framework, which evaluates human navigation behavior and spatial knowledge acquisition in urban, real-world environments. The framework consists of an assisted route-following (incidental spatial knowledge acquisition) and an unassisted route-reversal (spatial knowledge recall) task. The framework allows pedestrians to use all their senses in-situ during both the learning and testing phases. This should account for the shortcomings of traditional setups, such as controlled lab experiments. Two experiments assessed pedestrian interactions with various navigation systems and with the environment traversed. I designed partly automated navigation systems by systematically analyzing cognitive processes between human-centered (a low level of automation) and system-centered (a high level of automation) navigation system designs. Data on navigation performance, interactions with the navigation system, and mobile eye-tracking recordings build the basis for the spatial analysis of pedestrian behavior in the real world. The methodology provides unique insights into the behavior of pedestrians using navigation systems in urban environments. The results show how human-centered navigation assistance can be designed to ensure a high level of navigation efficiency without losing the ability to acquire spatial knowledge. Specifically, the results show that a system that demands proactive human decision-making can assist navigators in incidentally acquiring spatial knowledge, while a system using context-dependent information does not. This thesis shows that participants who are tested in-situ can use all their senses to acquire and to recall spatial knowledge. In addition, and more importantly, this thesis also reveals the significance of the complexity of the traversed environment, such as traffic, in understanding pedestrian behavior and the acquisition of spatial knowledge in real-world navigation tasks. The analyses in this thesis have uncovered distinctive environment-dependent patterns of map interaction behavior, for example map rotations at turns, and gaze behavior, for example varying attention to the navigation system and to the environment, along the routes traversed. In conclusion, the empirical findings emphasize the importance of understanding human navigation behavior in relation to automatic (intelligent) navigation systems in real-world environments in order to ensure human skill development that will be necessary for everyday activities in a prospectively smart, autonomous city.

Intangible cultural heritage is the precious wealth of the human civilization, plays a vital role on blood relation of inheriting national culture. Also is the main content in the process of the tourism experience. Experiential tourism development is the only road of intangible cultural heritage protection. Deal with the relationship between protection and development, intangible cultural heritage protection and tourism development can be implemented benign interaction. In this paper, taking Qinhuangdao as an Example, in combination with the current of the tourism development of intangible Cultural Heritage, to discuss how to realize intangible cultural heritage protection in a way of experiential Tourism development Intangible cultural heritage is an important carrier for the testimony of our history and the Chinese culture, contains the unique Chinese spiritual values, ways of thinking, imagination and cultural awareness, which reflect the vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation. Under the impact of this global trend that the cultural tourism is becoming the demanding core of tourism, the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, as well as the research on the combination of intangible cultural heritage and tourism are particularly urgent. Particularly tourists involved in the process of tourism activate the traditional culture which has gradually disappeared, Qinhuangdao has a unique intangible cultural heritage, if the rich intangible cultural heritage resources combined with tourism development, and focus on experiential tourism development, find a way of benign interaction in the protection and development, at the same time to promote regional economic development, and also realize the civilization of intangible cultural heritage, so as to achieve an important role of historic preservation Conservation status of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao has a long history with deep culture, and process abundant intangible cultural heritage. Qinhuangdao municipal government issued the Regulations to strengthen the protection work of intangible cultural heritage for the city at 2007, Qinhuangdao City Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Work Leading Group was set up, intangible cultural heritage protection institutions has been basically established in the three districts and four counties. At 2009, Qinhuangdao launched a citywide general survey of intangible cultural heritage, and carried out a systematic and comprehensive statistics for intangible projects in Qinhuangdao. In which, five projects are listed as the national intangible cultural heritage, these are Changli ToYongko, Changli folk songs, Funing wind and drum music, the fairy tales of Meng Jiang Nu, Changli shadow. Jieshishan legends and stories, Funing Taiping drums, Funing Tai Huang Gang, Lulong Boyi S 16 provincial project representative inheritors; 32 municipal intangible projects representative inheritors. Recently, Qinhuangdao City Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center also specially developed Interim Measures of assessment for Qinhuangdao intangible cultural heritage declare, protection work management system for Qinhuangdao intangible cultural heritage the protection for the provincial, municipal intangible and other endangered projects will also be strengthen, the loss of the project to further strengthen the protection. Intangible projects collection and exhibition hall of Qinhuangdao City is established , to secure those objects and resources with historical value, artistic value, research value and preserve value to be truly preserved and displayed, and gradually create a good atmosphere for intangible cultural heritage protection and the corresponding travel development. The relationship between intangible cultural heritage protection and experiential tourism

Intangible cultural heritage is representative of a community’s cultural authenticity and identity and includes oral traditions, performing arts, festive events or traditional craftsmanship which have been inherited over generations (UNESCO, 2003). Each culturally diverse community possesses its own unique and authentic intangible cultural heritage, which is not only an integral element of the soul of a community, but can be a vital resource for generating tourism at the national and local levels. There is little argument that intangible cultural heritage can provide a destination and/or community with a unique selling point and competitive advantage in the global marketplace. Intangible cultural heritage is experiential by nature, thus supports tourists in their desire to have a culturally authentic experience. In the process of commodification, however, intangible cultural heritage is transformed and staged too often and to varying degrees, which can lead to a loss of its authenticity (Alivizatou, 2012; Giudici, Melis, Dessi, & Ramos, 2013). Therefore, an approach facilitating intangible cultural heritage as a sustainable tourism resource is tenuous (WTO, 2012). Despite the increasing attention to intangible cultural heritage and the advice to adopt sustainable approach in the development of intangible cultural heritage as a tourism resource, little research has explored intangible cultural heritage from sustainability perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the extent to which the development of intangible cultural heritage facilitates the development of a sustainable tourism resource. To achieve this, the following three objectives were developed. First, to situate the sustainable tourism development literature within the context of intangible cultural heritage; second, to analyse public organisations’ documents in order to determine the extent to which they have facilitated the development of intangible cultural heritage as a sustainable tourism resource; and third, to establish a framework facilitating intangible cultural heritage as a sustainable tourism resource. This study adopted a single case study, with South Korea as a single representative case. A qualitative-dominant, mixed method approach was used in the process of data collection, analysis and interpretation. A total of 131 public documents from six public organisations were analysed for the second objective. Semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with a total of 25 intangible cultural heritage practitioners and 22 locals; and questionnaires were given to 255 visitors at National Intangible Heritage Centre in Korea and then collected, to address the third objective. The critical interpretive analysis of 131 public documents revealed that overall, Korean public organisations’ goals and strategies have shown a propensity toward economic neoliberalism, mainly by regarding intangible cultural heritage tourism resources as economic tools. To a much lesser extent, they focus on social development such as ICH practitioners’ equity to participation in the decision-making process and/or intangible cultural heritage practitioners’ empowerment. The analysis of 47 interviews with intangible cultural heritage practitioners and locals, and of 255 questionnaires revealed that safeguarding intangible cultural heritage and developing its tourism role share a symbiotic relationship. This study presents a framework to facilitate the growth of the symbiotic relationships. The framework suggests, for the symbiotic relationship to be facilitated, a top-down approach blended with a bottom up approach, cooperation between stakeholders, and entrepreneurship are necessary. This research addresses a gap in the literature and provides the practical understanding of intangible cultural heritage development. The exploratory research on intangible cultural heritage provides a much-needed framework for intangible cultural heritage to be a sustainable tourism resource, which can be groundwork for future academic research. Moreover, the project offers valuable insight into the combination of various intangible cultural heritage development strategies within one destination (i.e., South Korea), in order to reduce overlapping efforts by stakeholders in South Korea and maximise synergies to facilitate a greater range of positive impacts on the development of intangible cultural heritage for communities.

Intangible cultural heritage has a unique value. It is very important to evaluate and discover the value of intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, referring to the relevant references of countries around the world, this paper compares the research status of countries around the world with the development trend of China's intangible cultural heritage, indicating that the network resources of intangible cultural heritage can be converted into cultural capital according to the basic theory of cultural capital and then get an economic value. The use value of intangible cultural heritage is analyzed and considered according to IPA entity model analysis, kernel density estimation (KDE), and gray correlation calculation (calculated by using IPA analysis conclusion). Among them, because intangible cultural heritage cannot be measured and verified immediately, indirect measurement verification is carried out by selecting indirect indicators such as the total number of intangible cultural heritage and the development trend of intangible cultural heritage tourism. Based on the gray correlation analysis of the total number and relative density of national intangible cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage tourism and related industrial chains, the following proposals for the development trend of intangible cultural heritage are clearly put forward as follows: (1) Further excavate the meaning of “non-material property tourism” and increase the scope of development and design of cultural and art tourism network resources. (2) Make full use of the guiding effect of government departments on “intangible cultural heritage tourism,” and improve the normalization of the combination of culture, art, and tourism. (3) Expand the whole industrial chain of “intangible cultural heritage tourism” in an orderly manner, and promote the concept of coordinated and sustainable development of cultural and art tourism.

Promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism has become an important goal for the development of Rongchang District, Chongqing. With its rich intangible cultural heritage, Rongchang District has a great opportunity to drive the deep fusion of culture and tourism, using culture to promote tourism and vice versa, thereby vigorously developing the cultural tourism economy. From the perspective of all-for-one tourism, this paper takes the integration of “intangible cultural heritage (ICH) +” cultural tourism in Rongchang, Chongqing as an example, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the construction of the cultural tourism industry in Rongchang District, Chongqing, and explores the integration development mechanism of rural “ICH +” cultural tourism industry. Using literature research, case analysis, and field investigations, and based on the theories of sustainable development and cultural tourism integration, this paper extracts the achievements and shortcomings of the deep integration of “ICH +” cultural tourism in Rongchang District through data collation and analysis. This provides valuable reference and lessons for realizing the inheritance of ICH and the sustainable development of tourism.

The museum incorporates historical resources, stores them in a systematic classification, and then presents them as objects for viewing and learning training. Intangible cultural heritage is the aesthetic crystallization of the wisdom and aesthetics of ancient Chinese people. Combining museums and intangible cultural heritage culture and developing the intangible cultural heritage cultural tourism industry of museums can fully utilize the advantages of museums in terms of location and dissemination, as well as achieve high-quality promotion of intangible cultural heritage culture. The digital era has brought new changes and numerous challenges to the development environment and spatial design methods of the intangible cultural heritage tourism industry in museums. This paper builds a museum intangible cultural heritage cultural tourism platform based on digital tour interaction technology. It considers the advantages of the development of the cultural tourism industry from the “museum + intangible cultural heritage” model, establishes a digital resource management system for museums, digital talent training, and management mode, and digital branding in light of the current development status and challenges of the museum intangible cultural heritage cultural tourism industry. Additionally, we will create a digital resource management system for museums, a digital talent training and management model, and a digital brand marketing system to boost the industry’s ecological development.

Cultural tourism development is one of the important ways to protect and inherit intangible cultural heritage. However, the development of intangible cultural heritage tourism is faced with many difficulties. Taking Huaihe Culture as an example, the development of intangible cultural heritage tourism is faced with such difficulties as the disconnection between planning and resource integration, the disharmony between resources and brand construction, and the incompatibility between utilization and creative development. The specific path of the development of intangible cultural heritage tourism is to strengthen resource integration, pay attention to brand operation, and adhere to creative development.

With the booming development of tourism, more and more tourists visit scenic spots; followed by dense personnel in scenic spots, tourists’ comfort is not high. This paper introduces the structure diagram, function structure diagram, and database design of an intelligent tourism navigation system based on a wireless sensor network in detail and explains each function module of an intelligent tourism system based on a wireless sensor network in detail. Through the wireless sensor network to obtain the positioning data of tourists in tourist attractions, this article realizes the intelligent traffic navigation in the intelligent tourism navigation system and finally realizes the diversion of tourists. An intelligent travel navigation system based on the wireless sensor network is implemented on Android. Finally, the intelligent travel navigation system based on the wireless sensor network is tested. The results show that the system can meet the real‐time demand, the system positioning accuracy is high, and the system can effectively realize the flow analysis and public security warning.

Contents * Preface * Acknowledgments * Chapter 1. Introduction * Defining Cultural Tourism * Conceptualizing Cultural Tourism--A Thematic Approach * The Key Issue: Linking Cultural Heritage Management and Tourism Management * Chapter 2. Challenges in Achieving Sustainable Cultural Tourism * Introduction * Culture and Tourism--Collaborators or Competitors? * The Independent Evolution of Tourism and Cultural Heritage * Seven Possible Relationships Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management * The Consequences * The Solution? * Chapter 3. How Tourism Works * Introduction * The Nature of Tourism * Attractions Drive Tourism * Factors Influencing Visitation Levels * Tourist Behavior * Cultural Tourism * Conclusion * Chapter 4. Cultural Heritage Management * Introduction * Core Concepts * Cultural Heritage Management and Tourism * Negative and Positive Impacts of Tourism * Conclusion * Chapter 5. Tangible Heritage * Introduction * Process-Driven Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage * The Scope of Tangible Heritage Assets * Cultural Significance of Heritage Assets * Authenticity * Tourism, Authenticity, and Commodification * Visitor Accessibility to Tangible Heritage Assets * Consultation As an Important Element of the Management Process * Chapter 6. Intangible Heritage and Its Management * Introduction * Recognition of Intangible Cultural Heritage Management * Intangible Heritage Assets--Management and Tourism Issues * Authenticity and Cultural Space * Tourism and Changes to Intangible Heritage * Culturally Appropriate and Sustainable Use of Assets * Stakeholder Consultation in Setting Management Priorities * Chapter 7. Cultural Tourism Products--A Regional Perspective * Introduction * Products * Benefits of Adopting a Marketing Approach to Product Development * Hierarchy of Attractions * Developing Cultural Tourism Attractions * Conclusions * Chapter 8. Commodification, Environmental Bubbles, and Cultural Tourism Products * Introduction * Consumption--Strangeness versus Familiarity and the Environmental Bubble * Creating Cultural Tourism Products or Attractions * Tactics * Conclusions * Chapter 9. The Cultural Tourism Market: A Cultural Tourism Typology * Introduction * Who Are Cultural Tourists? * A Typology of Cultural Tourists: Recognizing Different Shades of Cultural Tourists * Five Types of Cultural Tourists * Testing the Model: Hong Kong As a Case Study * Implications for Cultural Tourism * Chapter 10. Gatekeepers * Introduction * Using Cultural and Heritage Assets to Brand a Destination * The Role of Gatekeepers in Conveying Messages * Effect of Many Gatekeepers on the Message Passed to the Tourist * Chapter 11. Assessment * Introduction * Assessing the Tourism Potential of Assets * Considering the Wider Context * Understanding the Asset in Its Setting * Asset Specific Issues: Place and Cultural Spaces * Stakeholder and Consultation Issues * People, Skills, and Financial Resources * Conclusions * Chapter 12. Asset Auditing and Planning * Introduction * An Audit Model * An Audit Procedure * Testing the Procedure--Hong Kong * Planning * Chapter 13. Marketing * Introduction * Marketing As a Management Tool * Unique Features of Marketing in Cultural Tourism * Thinking Strategically * Sustainable Competitive Advantages * Role of Research * Putting It Together--The Marketing Plan * The Four Ps--The Marketing Mix * Conclusions * Chapter 14. Presentation and Management of Heritage Assets * Introduction * Reinvestment of Revenue in Conservation As One Benefit of Tourism * Fees and Levies Raised at the Source * Epilogue * References * Index

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the need to establish linkages between tourism, intangible cultural heritage and creativity in Egypt and also diversifying tourism through creativity; and to analyze and explain the impact of intangible cultural heritage on tourism experience in Egypt and the opportunities to generate added value from integrating tourism and creativity. It also suggests some practical steps for developing intangible cultural heritage-based tourism models in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes a conceptual framework for integrating intangible cultural heritage with tourism in Egypt and its impact on tourism experience. To apply this framework, a case study was conducted focused on the tourism experience derived from intangible cultural heritage in Alexandria. The authors collected primary data by directly observing and experiencing tourism in Egypt, providing valuable firsthand experiential data. These observations offered insights into the practical aspects of intangible cultural heritage-based tourism in Egypt. In addition, secondary data sources such as academic research papers, reports and publications related to tourism and intangible cultural heritage experiences were utilized to support and complement the primary data. Findings Findings suggest the need for a different approach in intangible heritage based tourism promotion and consumption, an approach that may differ from the conventional and typical considerations in cultural tourism planning and management. In addition, findings emphasized that tourism-based intangible heritage in Egypt can be a constructive platform and sustainable tool to promote the country’s rich culture and traditions while providing employment opportunities for the local population. Research limitations/implications This study provides an exploratory overview of integrating intangible heritage with tourism in Egypt, through exploring Egypt’s intangible heritage and proposing a framework of its inclusion, in order to create an intangible cultural heritage tourism experience. However, the proposed framework and packages should be analyzed and examined on the ground through the heritage, administrative, social and tourist aspects of the destination, to assess the viability of the study. Practical implications The practical implications of this study should be addressed to the decision makers working on management action plans in tourist destinations in Egypt, such as site mangers as well as tour operators. It could contribute to adopting a new approach in developing and implementing a mutually beneficial partnership between intangible heritage and tourism in Egypt. Originality/value It is the first study that presents practical steps to develop new models for linking intangible heritage to tourism in Egypt.

Purpose: This research aims to improve our understanding of the development of intangible cultural heritage with the goal of promoting cultural tourism along with sustainable innovations that prioritize sustainable and environmentally conscious locations. This will be done by using brand awareness to develop sustainable innovations for cultural tourism through intangible cultural heritage. Theoretical Framework: The study of sustainable innovations in cultural tourism through intangible cultural heritage focuses on raising awareness and promoting green tourism towards knowledge cybernetics (KC). This is done in order to promote tourism culture by raising brand awareness through intangible cultural heritage for sustainable innovations that draw some identities from intangible cultural heritages. Method: Philosophy, ontological, and epistemological stances, the interpretative approach, a case study methodology, the research design specification, the ethics of human research, and the rationale for the qualitative research methodology employed in this study are all highlighted in the study. As a case study methodology, an interpretive approach was used. The qualitative perspective and the triangulation method were supported by both documentation analysis and non-participation observation. Critical analyses, thematic coding, and content analysis were used to examine the data. Results and Discussion: According to the results, brand awareness plays a significant role in developing sustainable innovations towards intangible cultural heritages for cultural tourism, which in turn encourages and stimulates travelers to pay attention to a place and be inclined to return. Additionally, it should assist travel destinations in consistently receiving viral marketing and a range of word-of-mouth referrals. Research Implications: This practical study uses 4 countries—China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Australia—as the case studies to illustrate the importance of building brand awareness towards intangible cultural heritages for sustainable innovations to promote cultural tourism. It should demonstrate their importance to community development, local and national economics, the preservation and propagation of intangible culture, and the establishment of long-term jobs and revenue streams for the local population.

The development of an inclusive city in Semarang City can be supported by the development of tourism based on Intangible Cultural Heritage. Therefore, this study aims to find out what intangible cultural heritages that exist in the city of Semarang. Which of them have the potential to be developed, and analyze the prioritized development strategies. This research method is quantitative with the stages of identification of the intangible cultural heritages, determining the priority of intangible cultural heritage 1 and intangible cultural heritage 2, and determining the strategy for the development of them. The results of the study showed that the largest percentage of types of intangible cultural heritages was traditional knowledge with a value of 42%. The types of intangible cultural heritages with the smallest percentage are manuscripts, customs, and traditional sports with a value of 1%, respectively. After going through twice prioritization of the intangible cultural heritages, three of it were selected with the greatest potential for development: Warak Ngendog in Central Semarang District, Wayang Orang Ngesti Pandowo in Candisari District, and Haul KRT Sumodiningrat in South Semarang District. The SWOT strategy analysis shows that the three selected intangible cultural heritages need to be developed by improving the quality of their cultural tourism by empowering the community, providing outreach to the community to maintain cultural tourism supporting facilities and infrastructure, building tourism supporting infrastructure, and increasing stakeholder cooperation. The results of this research can contribute to help Semarang City become an inclusive city supported by Intangible Cultural Heritage-based tourism development.

This chapter is designed to portray how sustainability for cultural heritage tourism management can be ensured through recognition of the tangible and intangible cultural heritages. Creating a bridge among people, the recognition of the intangible and tangible cultural heritages brings their revaluation for more sustainable tourism and opens the way to their acknowledgement in tourism industry practices. The chapter gives an overall idea of the tangible, intangible, and mixed cultural heritages in Turkey, representing one of the most prominent destinations in the world for the richness of its cultural heritage. Academic studies and the reports related to cultural heritage recognition practices in Turkey and the world are revised to bring recommendations and to develop a base for the discussion of practical implications for sustainable cultural heritage tourism management in Turkey. The study aims to be inspirational for both theoreticians and practitioners to create brighter cooperative projects.

Lu'an is a famous old revolutionary base area, known as the cradle of the Red Army and the hometown of Generals. The natural and humanistic environment is mainly reflected in its regional characteristics of "Jingjiang Huaijiang", the geographical location of "connecting the east and the west", and the beautiful scenery of "mountains surrounded by Yinghuo". There are many natural and humanistic landscapes and a collection of humanities in the territory. It is understood that there are currently 17 projects in Lu'an that are included in the list of "intangible cultural heritage" of Anhui Province. Among them, Lu opera, Lu'an melon slices production skills, Dabie Mountain folk songs, Shuxi production skills, and willow weaving skills are included in the national "intangible cultural heritage" list. Intangible cultural heritage is a new object of cultural heritage protection and a new way of cultural and social development. Lu'anlai has made certain achievements in the protection of "intangible cultural heritage". With the continuous development of tourism, it has provided good conditions for rural construction. Under the background of comprehensive rural revitalization, "intangible cultural heritage" is the potential resource of rural tourism and cultural industry in the future. At the same time, "intangible cultural heritage" is combined with tourism development. On the basis of protection, display, promotion and promotion, extensive aesthetic education is carried out to achieve the purpose of truly protecting "intangible cultural heritage", and at the same time, to achieve the purpose of continuously inheriting the cultural lifeline.

The integration of intangible cultural heritage and tourism is the product of the current trend of industrial integration, the use of intangible cultural heritage resources for tourism to provide heavy cultural soil, tourism development for intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance to provide new space and opportunities. Guizhou Province has rich intangible cultural heritage resources, its reasonable exploitation and utilization is not only one of the ways of protecting and inheriting its intangible cultural heritage, exerting intangible cultural heritage value and raising the income level of local residents, but also the need of enhancing its cultural connotation and taste, enriching tourism products and satisfying market diversification. This article only takes Guizhou province national traditional technical intangible cultural heritage tourism development mode as the main object of study, tries to explore the intangible Cultural Heritage Culture (traditional technology category) and tourism integration development more scientific path, with a view to other areas to develop tourism, protection and heritage of Intangible cultural heritage to provide a certain reference.