Forms Of Land Use Research Articles

Mapping grasslands' preservation potential: A case study from the northern Carpathians

AbstractThe grasslands which are an important part of an ecosystem are endangered due to abandonment of traditional forms of land use. Preservation of biodiversity of semi‐natural grassland communities is of great importance, therefore it is important to identify threats and prepare a sustainable plan for their protection The goal of this study was to develop an approach to predict threatened grasslands hotspots, basing on multi‐factor machine learning analyses. The Gorce Mountains in the Polish Carpathians were chosen as a study area, as it is region partially protected by National Park, surrounded by villages with different socio‐economic conditions (agriculture or touristic oriented). The grasslands were identified and classified on Sentinel‐2 multispectral imagery. As lack of regular mowing of grasslands was found as main factor promoting forest succession. Therefore, in order to find endangered grasslands areas, support vector machines' algorithm was used to classify them in mowed and unmowed categories. Then the preservation potential of grasslands was modeled with the random forest method, based on the grasslands' mowing classification, digital terrain model, land‐use and population statistical data, and the historical forest extent. We found the grasslands above 750 m above sea level to be the most endangered. Also, the tourism activity and ongoing changes in employment structure from agriculture to services has had a negative influence on the grasslands preservation potential. On the other hand, the Gorce National Park's active grassland conservation by mowing and grazing was shown as a positive element in keeping with the high biodiversity of the area.

Perubahan Bentuk Penggunaan Lahan Di Desa Panggreh Akibat Relokasi Korban Bencana Lumpur Lapindo

The Lapindo mud disaster forced local residents to flee to a safe place, one of which was Panggreh Village, which has an area of ​​171.78 hectares or 3%. As a result, the population in Panggreh Village has automatically increased. Several cases show that if there is a change or regional development in a location, then in a short time the land around it will also change progressively. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the form of land use in Panggreh Village due to the relocation of victims of the Lapindo Mud Disaster. Collecting data in this study using documentation, observation and using Google Earth imagery. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis with a before-after analysis technique. The results showed that there was a significant increase and decrease in land use that occurred in Panggreh Village in 2005 and 2022. The residential land area in 2005 was 48.95 Ha and in 2022 it increased to 69.99 Ha or 59%, The area of ​​paddy fields in 2005 was 109.32 Ha and in 2022 it decreased to 94.69 Ha or 46%, The area of ​​dry land or fields in 2005 was 13.51 Ha and in 2022 it decreased to 7.10 Ha or 34 %. Government policies related to land use and population are expected to be realized in the community so that there are no policy deviations that originate from uncontrolled population growth and land use that is not in accordance with the policy.

Estimating sediment yield from a small urban catchment of a heterogeneous structure

AbstractSmall urban areas, due to their specificity (high anthroposphere, multiple forms of land use, variable drainage conditions), are often overlooked in studies on soil erosion and sediment transport that predominantly focus on a large scale. The sediment yield from such small urban areas may greatly vary depending, for example, on the state of the land development. Therefore, its proper estimation is crucial for water resources management, improving urban runoff quality or designing and maintaining local retention ponds. In this study, two different approaches were applied to estimate sediment yield from a small urban catchment of Służew Creek, located in Warsaw, Poland. While the first was based on direct hydrological measurements and field samples, the second (indirect) used various empirical formulas to predict bed load transport (local formula of Skibiński) in the stream channel and the suspended sediment delivery from the catchment (USLE equation, Build‐up/Wash‐off model). The sediment load established according to the direct approach equals 714 Mg/year, of which 83 Mg/year results from the bed load transport and 631 Mg/year comes from the suspended sediment transport. The total sediment load calculated according to the indirect approach equals 579 Mg/year. The relative difference in loads calculated with these two methods is about 20%. This paper combines various established methods into a novel composite analysis of sediment yield. The methodology presented in this study may support the estimation of sediment load in small urban catchments with a heterogenous land use structure. Hence, it may support urban planning and water resources management in such small catchments.

Bio-geophysical feedback to climate caused by the conversion of Amazon Forest to soybean plantations

Over the past two decades, soybean cultivation has become one of the principal replacements for forests in the Brazilian Amazon. Previous studies showed that the conversion of forests into large-scale soybean farms has different effects on local and regional climate than other forms of land use, e.g., conversion to pasture. The bio-geophysical feedbacks that lead to changes in temperature and rainfall caused by the expansion of commodity crops is not fully understood, and this has implications for both modelling potential future climatic change and understanding its impact. Here we performed model simulations to characterize the feedback to climate caused by the replacement of Amazonian forests with soybean and pastures. Our results show that: when compared to deforestation caused by pastures, the conversion of forests into soybean plantations results in more pronounced changes in the atmospheric boundary layer. Because they are characterized by a period of the year with bare soil, soybean fields transmit more long-wave radiation to the atmosphere than pastures, leading to an increase in boundary layer average temperature by 2.4 K. Although soybean plantations tend to strengthen convective lifting, the decrease in boundary layer water vapor content plays a decisive role in reducing rainfall. Finally, we demonstrate that the climatic impacts associated with the replacement of forests by soybean is likely to be magnified with agricultural expansion along new frontiers in the northern and western regions of the Amazon basin due to a more pronounced reduction in water vapor content.

Superficies as one of the legal forms of land use in farming activities

The relevance of the study is due to the emergence of new agricultural entities in Ukraine – farms of various types, which need not only to engage in agricultural production but also to develop other areas of activity, in particular, construction. The absence of settlement in the farm legislation of land use based on superficial agreements and the possibility of further disputes between the parties is one of the grounds for conducting this study. The purpose of the study is to outline the formation and development of the superficies institute in Ukraine during 1990-2022 and establish the specific features of introducing it into farming activities. The study is conducted using a complex of general scientific and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method helped to determine the regularities of the development of the institution of superficies from the time of the Roman Empire to the present. The comparative legal method is used in the examination of the formation and development of farm land use in the modern Ukrainian state. In the course of the study, a historical and legal analysis of the peculiarities of using someone else’s land plot, which has a intended purpose-construction, is conducted. A thorough comparative legal analysis of the norms of the Civil and Land codes of Ukraine concerning superficial land use is conducted. Originalities of legal regulation of land use in farms of independent Ukraine are considered. It is proposed to supplement Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine “On farming” by granting farms the right to conclude emphyteusis and superficies agreements. The main terms of superficies’ contracts – the right to use someone else’s land plot for development, are outlined. The specific features of the conclusion of such transactions are determined, it is noted that the registration of a superficial contract in the State Register of property rights to immovable property is an electronic proof of its conclusion. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the proposals formed on the basis of its results can be used to improve the current legislation.

PENGARUH PERUBAHAN LAHAN PERTANIAN MENJADI NON PERTANIAN TERHADAP ASPEK SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT

The transformation that occurs in the peri-urban area will cause changes in the morphological peri-urban area and affect changes in the form of agricultural land use and have an impact on changes in the socio-economic conditions of the people in the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of changes in agricultural land to non-agriculture on the socio-economic aspects of the community in Jati Agung. This research uses a deductive approach. The data collection method used primary data from questionnaires and interviews, the secondary data collected from Landsat 8 satellite image and BPS South Lampung Regency in 2013-2020. The method of analysis uses the predominant peri-urban zone classification with urban or predominantly urban characteristics divided into Urban Frame Zones and Urban-rural Frame Zones, which have a percentage of agricultural land use less than 50%. Statistical linear regression method is used to see the effect of the transformation of agricultural land use into non-agriculture on the socio-economic aspects of the peoples. The results of statistical tests show that there is a disproportionate effect with a large effect of 29.5% on the total population, 7.6% on population density, 8.6% on Livelihoods and 20.2% on income.

A Multi-Temporal Analysis of Archaeological Site Destruction using Landsat Satellite Data and Machine Learning, Moche Valley, Peru

The destruction of archaeological sites and the loss of archaeological landscapes remains a global concern as populations and urban areas continue to expand. Archaeological sites are not only significant to local communities, national identities, and modern tourist economies but also provide critical knowledge of past sociocultural interactions, settlement patterns, human-environment relationships, and risk mitigation strategies. While archaeological landscapes and site destruction have remained outside of traditional land use land cover change (LULCC) studies, they are a form of urban and agricultural land use. By conceptualizing archaeological site destruction within land change science, this study provides an innovative approach for assessing “what's left” of historically surveyed archaeological landscapes. Using a Random Forest algorithm and Landsat satellite data, this study quantifies archaeological site destruction attributed to LULCC in Peru's lower Moche Valley between 1985 and 2020. More than 400 archaeological sites previously recorded during the Chan Chan-Moche Valley Project (CCMVP, 1969–1974) are analyzed. Results indicate that less than a quarter of the original CCMVP sites remain on the landscape. The primary drivers of LULCC in the lower Moche Valley include population growth, migration, and government policies, while secondary drivers include heritage values. Positioning archaeological survey data within land change science and integrating machine learning techniques can benefit historic survey reassessments globally and provides significant knowledge of archaeological site destruction and the socioeconomic conditions that underly dynamic landscape changes.

POTENSI EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN DI DESA SUKAJADI KECAMATAN SADANANYA KABUPATEN CIAMIS

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the economic potential of using yards in Sukajadi village, Sadananya District, Ciamis Regency and to find out the form of using yards and the amount of capital needed to use the yards and contributing to the use of yards in increasing economic income for the people in the village. Sukajadi, Sadananya District, Ciamis Regency. This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out in 3 ways, namely field surveys, questionnaires, and documentation. The population consists of 341 household heads. The sampling technique used is a simple random sampling technique. The results of the study found that land use in the form of yard land use has the potential to increase income. So that it can help the family economy. As for the form of land use yards that can increase income can be in the form of land use yards in other forms of business such as (groceries business, workshops, and so on). Meanwhile, the amount of income received before utilizing the land was only less than IDR 500,000 up to IDR 1,000,000. However, after utilizing the yard owned, the income earned increased by around IDR 1,000,000 or even more every month.

Trending against the grain: Bird population responses to expanding energy portfolios in the US Northern Great Plains.

Future global energy demand may be met through increased extraction of fossil fuels and production of renewable energy such as biofuels. Renewable energy from biofuels is often proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels; however, impacts of renewable energy sources on wildlife populations have rarely been evaluated in working landscapes. We used North American Breeding Bird Survey data (1998 to 2021) to assess whether the joint effects of oil and gas and biofuel crop production explained grassland bird population declines. We modeled location-specific effects of land use on grassland bird habitat use for four grassland bird species (bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus], grasshopper sparrow [Ammodramus savannarum], Savannah sparrow [Passerculus sandwichensis], and western meadowlark [Sturnella neglecta]) in North Dakota, a state experiencing rapid growth in both energy sectors. Our analysis showed that grassland birds responded more negatively to biofuel feedstocks (i.e., corn and soybeans) on the landscape compared with oil and gas development. Furthermore, we found that the effect of feedstocks was not generalizable to other forms of agricultural land use. When combined, these land use changes resulted in distributional shifts of grassland birds, with use by birds being lower in regions dominated by biofuel production, which appears partially responsible for observed abundance trends at the state level. Our results indicate that expansion of oil and gas development has negatively affected habitat use by some grassland birds, but this impact was more localized when compared to biofuel crops. Conservation practitioners may need to adapt their conservation strategies to account for widespread and rapid land use change driven by United States energy policies.

Transhumance, shielings and soil fertility – land-use legacies in Menstrie Glen, Scotland

ABSTRACT Whilst transhumance has been researched as a livestock and land management system, its legacy on soil- nutrient levels is unknown. This study addresses changes in soil chemistry associated with historical transhumance grazing management with the aim of establishing if soil-nutrient levels can shed new insights into land-use legacies originating from past transhumance in Scotland. The study is focused on one aspect of transhumance, the shielings associated with milking livestock formerly operating in the uplands of the Scottish Midland Valley. A literature review is presented focusing on the history, functioning and geographic distribution of transhumance systems in Scotland set within a global context. This is followed by a detailed examination of two shieling sites in Menstrie Glen in the Ochil Hills. Their relationship to topography is considered, with vegetation survey and chemical analyses for plant macronutrients of soils collected in the vicinity also carried out. Underpinned by theories integrating biogeochemical fluxes and agropastoral activities it is established that there is moderate enrichment of local nutrient levels still evident at the Menstrie Glen shieling sites today. Review of historical and environmental sources suggests that local nutrient levels reflect temporal dynamics of shieling establishment, functioning and abandonment with limited evidence to suggest this was driven by population pressure and adaptation to Little Ice Age climate change. The analyses lead to insights about wider ecological impacts of different forms of land use in the face of climate change and population pressure, carrying implications for land use in Scotland and the challenges facing extant transhumance systems in countries where both these issues are pressing today.

Analysing formal transformations in sustainable urban structures in Kufa City, Iraq

Abstract The research discusses the formal transformation in urban structure, all the cities around the world have undergone a series of formal transformations, resulting in radical transformations to their functions. And to calculate this transformation the descriptive analytical method was applied to this research. First, local urban management data and Landsat-9 visual data were used after processing by GIS. Then, the data were processed mathematically based on their engineering sequences. The aims of this research were as follows: to explore the formal transformations in cities, their dimensions and their consequences and impacts; to identify the underlying causes of their occurrence by deriving realistic results from trends in such degrees of transformation; and to reduce the adverse effects and to establish a sustainable urban structure by taking Kufa City as a model. The research covered the following two time periods: 2002-2012 and 2012-2022, as they represent the time during which Kufa City experienced remarkable formal transformation in urban structure as a result of urbanisation and random growth. Different forms of land use were identified, and formal transformations were analysed. The results showed that the largest transformation occurred when the agricultural land transformed into construction land; which was used in different ways than the original intent. The land uses were visualised digitally at high resolution. The transformation in land use led to formal transformations in the city structure, both planned and randomly implemented. The other objective of this research is to address misuse of the city’s infrastructure; however, sustainability was not considered for several reasons. The agricultural land represents the nutritional value of the city as it provides Kufa and nearby cities with agricultural products. It also represents the green barrier as the environmental conduit for the city. This research recommends managing population growth by using basic city schemes of planning and predicting formal transformations. This approach is the basis for transforming city structures by identifying future structural features in sustainable ways.

Assessing the Extent of Tree Species Plantation across Different Land Use Types, in Case of Ale District, Ilu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Large-scale imports of exotic tree species are thought to be one of the main causes of worldwide environmental changes and alien forest plantations, putting many of our native forest ecosystems in danger. In comparison to the condition of native tree species, the status of alien tree plantings receives more attention from the community and encompasses many forms of land use. This study's goals were to evaluate the situation of plantings of exotic tree species across various land use categories. Purposive sampling was used in the data collection design. Plots of 20 m by 20 m, or 400 m² per grazing area, along the roadside, homestead, coffee farm, agricultural boundary, and woodlot were all used as locations for tree evaluation plots. The study's findings showed that there are 78% exotic tree species and 33.91% farmland on which individual families have planted exotic tree species in the Ale district plantation land use status. The tree basal areas are 24.69 m² ha^-1 for exotic tree species and 15.88 m² ha^-1 for native tree species, respectively. There were a lot of exotic tree plantings along the sides of the road, on the edges of agricultural land, and in wooded areas. In comparison to native trees, exotic tree species have been widely planted and now dominate most different forms of land use. Examples of these species are eucalyptus and <i>Grevillea robusta</i>. In order for policymakers to develop conservation and management strategies that can support the sustainability of indigenous tree species, the land use policy should be adopted or changed. The study area is not used for scientific research; there is a gap in the southwestern zone; and exotic tree species are widely planted through various forms of land usage.

Analysis of water physical, chemical and biological properties in different peat swamp forests converted to rice fields

The Indonesian government plans to turn Central Kalimantan into a national food barn by planting rice in several places, including in shallow peatlands. Tropical peatlands actually have limited potential for agricultural use because the growing medium in some cases is not conducive to root development, waterlogged soils that poison plants. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of water can be used as indicators to determine if a land is suitable for growing crops. The objective of this study is to analyze the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water in different aquatic ecosystems in peat swamp forest. This study was conducted in the Peat Techno Park (PTP) of the College of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. Samples were collected from 9 observation stations with different forms of land use for agricultural activities, namely unplowed rice fields, plowed fields, swamps, connecting ditches, beje, natural peat swamp forests, ponds and irrigation ponds. Data collection was taken over a 6-month period and coincided with the peak of the dry season and the rainy season. Water properties were then analyzed by observing the parameters measured directly at the station, namely pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and depth. The results showed that there were 4 (four) sites that had suitable water properties for agricultural uses, namely unplowed fields, plowed fields, swamps and ponds. There are only 2 (two) macrozoobenthos groups on PTP peat bogs, namely Annelida and insects. In addition, the most dominant group in insect belongs to the ordo Diptera, and family Chironomidae with the most common genus Chironomus. Conversion of peat swamp forest to rice fields and fish ponds promotes greater diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrate communities, with the depth significantly affecting them.

The Influence of Density and Mixed Land Use on The Spread of Covid-19 in Surakarta City

Covid-19 has a significant risk of spreading in urban areas because of the aglomeration of built-up areas and people. It frequently contains a mix of land uses and is accessible to urban amenities. Due to the area’s extensive usage of mixed land uses, it is better able to provide internal urban services on its own. Greater use of area lockdown and social separation strategies could result from this situation. The most populous city in the province of Central Java, Surakarta, has a significant risk of contracting COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of density and levels of mixed land use on the Covid-19 distribution in Surakarta City.Population density is used to calculate density. The entropy index approach was used to measure the amount of mixed land use. It is a method for calculating the balance between each form of land use. The availability of current land use data being processed by the spatial analysis with the Arc GIS application provided help for the analysis. Additionally, it makes use of information on Covid-19 cases in relation to the general populace that is supplied by the Surakarta Municipality. The relationship between mixed land use and Covid-19 risk was analyzed using a linear regression approach. The study’s findings indicated a minor influence between density and the spread of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the level of mixed land use does not influence the spread of the Covid-19 virus in Surakarta City.

How to reconcile renewable energy and agricultural production in a drying world

Societal Impact StatementRenewable energies such as photovoltaics can mitigate climate change by replacing fossil fuels, but they will compete with other forms of land use when implemented in open space. Agrivoltaics provide a promising approach to reconciling food and energy needs by allowing for agricultural and electrical power production on the same area of land. Agrivoltaics have a high potential to attenuate negative effects of drought on crop growth and, thus, can help to increase resilience of agricultural production under increasingly variable environmental conditions. This drought attenuation potential will be especially relevant for regions where drought and population growth co‐occur.SummaryWater scarcity is threatening food security and other, plant‐related ecosystem services. Renewable energy production provides a sustainable strategy to replace fossil fuel and, by this, mitigate climate change. However, common forms of renewable energy production such as photovoltaics in open space directly compete with agriculture. Agrivoltaics are proposed as a promising technology to reconcile food and energy needs by allowing for agricultural and electrical power production on the same area of land. However, general understanding of the potential of agrivoltaics to facilitate crop yield under changing climatic conditions is lacking. In this study we provide an overview on the effects of agrivoltaics on microclimate and crop growth and yields. We furthermore quantify the global potential of agrivoltaics to attenuate drought effects on crops and develop a conceptual framework for evaluating interactions between solar power and agricultural production under changing climatic conditions. Generally, shading by agrivoltaics will reduce yield in comparison to maximum possible yield under unshaded, well‐watered conditions but can reduce interannual variation in yields caused by drought, thus, increase resilience of agricultural production. This drought attenuation potential of agrivoltaics seems to be especially promising in the drought prone regions of the world. Land use efficiency of agrivoltaic systems is directly linked the degree of crop shading which covaries with the drought attenuation potential but will ultimately be guided by political decisions on how to weight energy production vs. food security. The latter depends on economic, societal and ecological aspects related to the implementation of agrivoltaics.

Analysis of the Dynamics of Water Flow and Suspension Flow Discharge in Volcano Watershed with Settlement Land Use

Suspension flow into the upstream of volcano watershed is sensitive to land use. In Indonesia, a settlement is a form of land use in several volcanic landscapes. There is currently no detailed study on the suspension flow sediment from the settlement land use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the relationship between water and suspension flow discharge. The study was conducted through the measurements at a gully outlet that produced 747 suspension load data. For each rainfall event, suspension load measurements were made in the field, followed by laboratory analysis. Additionally, field surveys were used to determine the characteristics of settlement land use and the water flow into the gully system. According to the findings, the peak flow discharge corresponds to the peak suspension discharge, the peak flow discharge comes before the peak suspension discharge, and the peak flow discharge happens after the peak suspension discharge. The average time lag between initial rainfall events and suspension flow was 10.36 minutes, and the suspension peak content varied by an average of 2.22 gl-1. The grain size was also dominated by the clay fraction, averaging 67.86% on the ascending branch and 67.82% on the descending branch.&#x0D; Keywords: Erosion; Discharge; Settlements; Suspension; Watershed&#x0D; &#x0D; Copyright (c) 2023 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember&#x0D; This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

The transition characteristics and driving mechanisms of rural residential land in metropolitan areas-a case study of Tianjin, China.

Rural revitalization is the core decision for eradicating global poverty and achieving shared prosperity, and one of the most important works is to optimize and manage rural land space. A theoretical framework based on urbanization theory was built to reveal the rural residential land transition in the Tianjin metropolitan area, China from 1990 to 2020. The transition features are identified by computing the land-use conversion matrix and the rural residential land expansion index (RRLEI) and the influencing factors and mechanisms through a multiple linear regression model. The spatial distribution of rural residential land shows that it expands from the inner suburbs to the outer suburbs, then diminishes in the outer suburbs, and extends to the Binhai New Area. Low-level conflicts between rural residential land and urban construction land occurred during the rapid urbanization period, resulting in disorganized and wasteful growth. The inner suburbs have edge-expansion, dispersion, and urban encroachment patterns; the outer suburbs have edge-expansion, infilling, and dispersion patterns, with little urban encroachment; and Binhai New Area has just an edge-expansion pattern. During decelerated urbanization stage, a high-level conflict occurred between rural residential land and arable land, forestland, grassland, water, and urban construction land. Dispersion grew as urban encroachment reduced in the inner suburbs; dispersion increased while urban encroachment declined in the outer suburbs; dispersion, infilling expansion, and urban encroachment increased in the Binhai New Area. During the saturation stage of urbanization, rural residential land evolved in tandem with other forms of land use, with more efficient land use and diverse uses. The main pattern of rural residential land in a suburban region is still edge-expansion, dispersion has expanded in the Binhai New Area, and urban encroachment is the way of urban development in the inner suburbs. Economic factors and economic location strongly impact the dispersion pattern. Edge-expansion and infilling patterns are impacted by comparable variables, including geographical location, topography, population resources, and economic location. Furthermore, the amount of economic growth influences the edge-expansion pattern. It might be influenced by land policy, and the eight elements have no substantial relationship with urban occupancy. Based on resource endowment and pattern features, certain optimization techniques are given.

The Longevity of Fruit Trees in Basilicata (Southern Italy): Implications for Agricultural Biodiversity Conservation

In the Mediterranean basin, agriculture and other forms of human land use have shaped the environment since ancient times. Intensive and extensive agricultural systems managed with a few cultured plant populations of improved varieties are a widespread reality in many Mediterranean countries. Despite this, historical cultural landscapes still exist in interior and less intensively managed rural areas. There, ancient fruit tree varieties have survived modern cultivation systems, preserving a unique genetic heritage. In this study, we mapped and characterized 106 living fruit trees of ancient varieties in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. Tree ages were determined through tree ring measurements and radiocarbon analyses. We uncovered some of the oldest scientifically dated fruit trees in the world. The oldest fruit species were olive (max age 680 ± 57 years), mulberry (647 ± 66 years), chestnut (636 ± 66 years), and pear (467 ± 89 years). These patriarchs hold a unique genetic resource; their preservation and genetic maintenance through agamic propagation are now promoted by the Lucan Agency for the Development and Innovation in Agriculture (ALSIA). Each tree also represents a hub for biodiversity conservation in agrarian ecosystems: their large architecture and time persistence guarantee ecological niches and micro-habitats suitable for flora and fauna species of conservation significance.

UTILIZATION OF SPOT IMAGERY TO EVALUATE THE SUITABILITY OF RICE FIELD SPACE PATTERNS IN PADANG CITY

that are converted into built-up lands such as housing, shops and industry. According to Darmawan (2002), one of the factors that cause land change is the socioeconomic factors of the community related to the needs of human life. One of the provinces that experienced the largest paddy land conversion in Indonesia is the West Sumatra region. Many factors result in land use changes that have an impact on the land itself, such as social, and economic factors and also factors of increasing the number of inhabitants. Land use change is the transition of an old form and location of land use to a new one. Or the change in the function of agricultural land such as built-up land (Adhiatma et al., 2020).&#x0D; The selection of the Padang City Area as a research site was based on significant land use changes in Padang City, this was caused by several factors such as the rate of population growth in Padang City which increased every year based on BPS data in 2015-2020 period was 1.52% with a population of 909.04 thousand people in 2020.&#x0D; The spatial pattern that has been set by the government in general in the city of Padang is an area developed for the cultivation of rice fields covering an area of 4540.10 ha. Based on BPS data from Padang City, the area of paddy fields decreases by 0.7% every year which is converted into housing and shops and industries in Padang City. The development of built-up land that occurred in the city of Padang slowly changed the rice field area into a built-up area that was not by the provisions of the spatial pattern that had been set by the local government. The spatial pattern that has been set by the government so that the area of paddy fields can be maintained by utilizing remote sensing data. By using remote sensing data such as imagery. Spot imagery is one of the high-resolution remote sensing images that is a French-owned satellite that operates to provide remote sensing data. SPOT imagery provides an imaging instrument that is then carried out as an overlay method between the rice field map and the rice field space pattern that has been set by the government to see its suitability.&#x0D; High-resolution optics are synonymous with panchromatic (P) and Multispectral (Green, Red, and Near Infrared). SPOT imagery has a spatial resolution of 2.5meter 10meters with a wide viewing angle that covers 60 x 60 km or 60 x 120 km in twin mode instruments, and an orbital altitude of 822 km, SPOT provides an ideal combination of high resolution and also wide visibility that can meet the needs of data that is accurate enough for identification of rice fields.

Parks, People, and Pollution: A Relational Study of Socioenvironmental Succession

The urban environmental inequality literature holds that marginalized communities are generally concentrated in neighborhoods with greater levels of industrial pollution and lesser access to parks and playfields. Yet, “green” and “brown” land uses are also linked historically and through contemporary practices of green redevelopment. This article thus begins from the understanding that it is important to analyze both forms of urban land use at once, to avoid mistaking one historical process for another. Focusing on Providence, Rhode Island (1970–2010), we leverage original historical data on the location and operating years of public parks alongside comprehensive industrial site data to analyze the joint transformation of residential populations, parks, and industry over time. We find that park access generally increases for Latinx residents; however, after accounting for increases in park access associated with past industrial land use, we find that census tracts with growing proportions of African American residents are associated with relatively less access to parks than other census tracts. Results reveal additional dimensions to the role of industrial history in shaping the socioenvironmental trajectory of local neighborhoods and additionally emphasize the importance of a historical and relational view of urban land use in urban environmental research.