Formation Of Inclusions Research Articles

Agglomeration behaviors of different types of complex TiN inclusions in high titanium wear resistant steel

Large-sized titanium-containing inclusion clusters seriously affect the continuous casting and performance of high titanium wear-resistant steel. In the current work, thermodynamic calculations were firstly conducted to predict the formation of various complex TiN inclusions, viz, TiOx-TiN, Al2O3–TiN and LaAlO3–TiN. Based on that, laboratory-scale experiments were designed to prepare samples containing a single type of complex TiN inclusions. The agglomeration characterizes of different complex inclusions were compared by combing in-situ observation based on confocal laser scanning microscopy and Newtonian motion equation. Furthermore, the Kralchevsky-Paunov model was used to study the influences of density and size on the agglomeration behavior of complex TiN inclusions. The result shows that the attractive force between TiOx-TiN complex inclusions increases from 1.93 × 10−18 to 4.34 × 10−17 N, while it was 3.41 × 10−17 to 5.12 × 10−16 N for Al2O3–TiN complex inclusions and 6.42 × 10−18 to 1.14 × 10−16 N for LaAlO3–TiN inclusions. Based on the experimental results and theoretical calculation, the agglomeration tendency of Al2O3–TiN is the strongest due to the considered size and compared to the TiOx-TiN inclusions, the stronger agglomeration tendency of LaAlO3–TiN ones can be attributed to their higher density.

The Effect of Rare Earth Y on the Inhibitor Precipitation Behavior of Strip‐Cast Grain‐Oriented Silicon Steel

0.3 mm‐thick grain‐oriented silicon steel sheets with varying Y contents are produced via twin‐roll strip‐casting and two‐stage cold rolling process. This study primarily investigates the evolution of microstructure, texture, and precipitation along the processing. Specifically, the effect of rare earth Y on second‐phase particle precipitation in ultralow carbon grain‐oriented silicon steel is examined. Results indicate that higher Y content will consume beneficial inhibitor elements such as S and N, leading to the formation of coarse rare earth inclusions (≈10 μm) in the cast strip. This significantly diminishes inhibition ability and magnetic induction (B8 = 1.58 T≈1.71 T). On the contrary, the addition of trace Y can accelerate the precipitation of inhibitors. During the intermediate annealing stage, steel with trace Y exhibits a significant enhancement in precipitate distribution density (from 2.8 μm−2 to 13.6 μm−2), and the final magnetic induction B8 increases from 1.86 T to 1.91 T compared to steel without Y. In addition, the results of first‐principle calculations based on density functional theory reveal that the doped Y atom prefers to segregate at the Al–N interface, and the interface energy reduces from 1.871 J m−2 to 1.024 J m−2, thereby promoting the precipitation of AlN.

Genesis of Cu-Sn Mineralization in the Shuangjianzishan Super-Large Silver Deposit, Inner Mongolia: Trace Element Constraints from Chalcopyrite and Cassiterite

The Shuangjianzishan silver polymetallic deposit is located in the copper–tin–lead–zinc–silver polymetallic metallogenic belt in the Southern Great Xing’an Range, with silver resources of more than 18,000 t, which is the largest silver polymetallic deposit in Asia. Early studies concluded that the Shuangjianzishan deposit is typically an epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposit that lacks a high-temperature mineralization stage. In recent years, with the deepening of research, a large amount of Cu-Sn mineralization has been found in the deep part of the Shuangjianzishan deposit, but it is less studied. The laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) technique is used to investigate the distribution and substitution of trace elements in chalcopyrite and cassiterite. In this paper, the trace element study of chalcopyrite and cassiterite from the Shuangjianzishan deposit reveals that Sn, In, As, Se, Sb, and Tl mainly exist in chalcopyrite in isomorphic form, while Pb, Bi, and Ni mainly exist in chalcopyrite in the form of mineral inclusions. The enrichment of the high-temperature elements Sn and Se in chalcopyrite, and the deficit of the middle- and low-temperature elements Ga, Sb, etc., reflect that the chalcopyrite in the Shuangjianzishan deposit was formed in a middle- and high-temperature environment, and it also indicates that the early ore-forming hydrothermal solution may be rich in Sn. Fe, In, Co, and Ni mainly exist in cassiterite in isomorphic form, and the content of W in cassiterite is high. There are two main forms, one is isomorphic and the other is wolframite inclusion. Cassiterite has Fe-rich and W-U-poor characteristics, indicating that cassiterite from the Shuangjianzishan deposit was formed under relatively oxidized conditions, and the relative enrichment of elements such as Fe, W, Zr, and Hf indicates that the temperature of cassiterite formation was high. The elemental content and inter-ionic coupling relationships suggest that the cassiterite from the Shuangjianzishan deposit may have an elemental replacement mechanism of W6+ + Fe2+ ↔ 2Sn4+ or Fe3+ + OH− ↔ Sn4+ + O2−. The trace elements in cassiterite of the Shuangjianzishan deposit are rich in Fe and Mn and depleted in Nb and Ta, according to the Fe-W diagram, and the tin mineralization of the Shuangjianzishan deposit belongs to cassiterite–sulfide-type tin mineralization. Chalcopyrite Co/Ni ratios >1 are consistent with the characteristics of chalcopyrite genesis in hydrothermal deposits.

Optimal operating conditions for the rapid growth of KH2PO4 crystal by numerical simulation

Numerical simulations of the turbulent hydrodynamics and concentration in the rapid growth of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4 or KDP) crystals have been performed. In this work, a quadratic power-law growth model is applied, concerning the mass transfer occurring at the crystal surface during the growth process under low supersaturations. The mass transfer boundary condition is discretized by using the Over-Relaxed approach. The effects of the growth temperature and rotation rate on surface supersaturation distribution and the diffusion layer are investigated, which are critically involved in the processes of surface morphological instability and inclusion formation. Due to the kinetic limitation, the response of different types of crystal surfaces to temperature varies, with a pyramidal surface about twice as high as a prismatic face. In addition, the contour map of the growth rate combined with the coefficient of variation (C.V) for various temperatures and rotation rates is used. Uniformity of surface supersaturation is provided by lowering the growth temperature and increasing the rotation rate. Furthermore, the criteria of crystal growth strategies are proposed to optimize the process parameters and obtain favorable conditions for crystal growth, thereby facilitating defect-free and high-quality crystal formation at an appropriate growth rate.

“It’s difficult, but it’s worth it”: Saudi Mothers’ investment in their children’s Arabic heritage learning in the U.S.

ABSTRACT This case study delves into the experiences of three Saudi mothers living in the United States, exploring their evolving understanding of their children’s language needs and the obstacles they face as learners of Arabic heritage language (AHL). The study is rooted in the notion of language as a form of capital and Bonny Norton’s metaphor of investment in language learning. It examines how AHL serves as a multifaceted form of social, cultural, and academic capital for their children’s present and future lives in both the U.S. and Saudi Arabia. Through individual, semi-structured interviews, the study unveils the experiences, motivations, and challenges faced by the mothers in maintaining their children’s AHL. The findings illustrate three distinct stages in the children’s language learning journey, initially emphasizing English as the predominant language with capital in the U.S. followed by a crucial shift toward recognizing the significance of AHL preservation. Ultimately, this study sheds light on the nuanced role of AHL as an essential asset and its interconnectedness as a dynamic cultural and academic resource. The implications extend to social inclusion and identity formation, enriching our understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and identity development.

Towards Inclusive Futures for Worker Wellbeing

The global COVID-19 pandemic has spurred on new collaborations across borders, and emphasized the importance of supporting wellbeing in the workplace, whether that workplace is hybrid, remote, or in-person. Work in CSCW, HCI, and organizational psychology has explored how people come to understand their wellbeing at work, and the role of identity, culture, and organizational factors in that process. In this study, we build on this past research and explore the importance of these factors when designing tools that support worker wellbeing for location-independent teams. We ask the question: how did organizational, cultural, and individual factors influence how workers understood their workplace wellbeing needs during the move to remote work? To investigate this question, we conduct a large scale linguistic analysis of 13,265 diary entries collected between 2020 - 2022, and complement it with in-depth interviews with 26 global employees, exploring intersections between technology, context, and wellbeing needs. We utilize this data to analyze the broader human infrastructure supporting hybrid and remote work, demonstrating how ideas around wellbeing are influenced by the (often technology-mediated) environment around both information and essential workers, and power differentials within it. Building on our findings, we provide recommendations for how technology design can better support more diverse and inclusive forms of worker wellbeing.

Awareness of Financial Inclusion: An Empirical Study in Tiruttani Taluk, Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu.

The Indian government consistently makes efforts to include rural people in the organized financial system. This initiative not only boosts the Indian economy by encouragement of savings habit, but also facilitates rural development through access to banking facilities, services like gas subsidies etc. The term “financial inclusion” may vary under different ruling parties, but the primary objective remains consistent: to uplift the bottom of the financial market pyramid. The current state of affairs indicates that the present government has achieved some success by opening approximately 12.54 crore new bank accounts (as of January 2015) and accumulating deposits of over Rs. 5000 crore (up to November 2014) through the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), a new form of financial inclusion. However, it is evident that a significant portion of the rural market remains untapped and under-explored. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the awareness of financial inclusion schemes among rural customers in Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu. The study seeks to understand how effectively these initiatives are reaching the intended beneficiaries and identify areas for improvement. By enhancing awareness and accessibility, we can further empower rural communities and promote inclusive economic growth.

Comprehensive ultrasound assessment of the state complex intima-media brachiocephalic arteries in patients with metabolic syndrome

Objective. Comprehensive ultrasound assessment of the state complex intima-media (CIM) of brachiocephalic arteries in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods. 82 patients were examined, including 62 patients with MS and 20 practically healthy individuals. All patients underwent biochemical blood analysis, ultrasound of the extracranial sections of the brachiocephalic arteries with an assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of CIM bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT), common carotid arteries (CCA) and vertebral arteries (VA).Results. 100% of patients with MS, changes in the echostructure of CIM were recorded in the form of pathological layering, 9 (14.5%) patients – in the form of hyperechogenic inclusions. Thickness of CIM in the bifurcation of BCT and CCA in patients with MS statistically significantly exceeds the same indicator in practically healthy persons and demonstrates direct correlation between the components of MS. The modified Carnegan index patients with MS is statistically significantly higher than the same indicator in practically healthy individuals and demonstrates direct correlation with the thickness of CIM estimated in different segments of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCT k 0.356, RCCA k 0.718, LCCA k 0.846, in the bifurcation of CCA on the right k 0.431, on the left k 0.519).Conclusion. Comprehensive ultrasound assessment of the state brachiocephalic arteries in patients with MS allows us to obtain complex of qualitative and quantitative signs characteristic of metabolic angiopathy.

A review of the institutional landscape for dual-career hiring in higher education

Meeting the needs of dual-career academic couples has become an important part of university efforts to foster family-friendly workplaces. Many universities have developed formal or informal approaches to addressing dual-career issues, but variation across institutions has made it difficult to detect wider patterns or probe their implications. In this paper, we analyze the dual-career policies and materials (848 documents total) of all R1 institutions in the United States. As with studies from roughly two decades ago, we find deficiencies in institutional support and transparency. However, given reduced state revenues for institutions of higher education and a rise in precarious employment arrangements over the same time period, conditions for academic couples are arguably worse today. In order for universities to address these concerns and contribute meaningfully to broader forms of inclusion, we argue that there is a need for sustained funding commitments and infrastructural support for dual-career programs.

Contribution of Culture-loaded Loanwords to the Class of Etymological Doublets in the Contemporary English Language

The article examines the loanwords from the autochthonous languages of South Asia and (or) regional variants of English into the Inner Circle English (according to Br. Kachru) – ayah, baboo / babu, baksheesh, feringhee / feringhi / ferinji / firanghi, gooroo / guru, maharaja / maharajah, maharani, maharishi, mahatma, mandarin, mantra, pagoda – and their role in expanding doublet pairs in contemporary English. The topicality of the study is due to the replenishment of the class of etymological doublets as a result of extensive borrowing process from the languages of the postcolonial space into pluricentric English due to increased population mobility, dispatriation, growing bilingualism, and expansion of global contacts. The scientific novelty is explained by the insufficiently studied subject of the research – the distinctive features of new doublets (native word vs. loanword, loanword vs. loanword) and the dynamics of their usage in contemporary English. The continuous sampling, statistical, descriptive methods are used in order to determine the role of culture-loaded loanwords in expansion of rows of etymological doublets. The major conclusions of the conducted research can be summed up as follows. The conditions for the formation of etymological doublets can be classified into mandatory (etymological similarity, i.e. relation to the same etymon: *awo-; *bhag-; *gwere-; *meg-; *men-; *pəter-; *preg-, *pregn-; *ten-;) and additional (acceptable graphical, phonetic, morphological variation and semantic identity). The study of empirical material allows us to identify trends towards, firstly, maximum divergence of the components of etymological doublet pairs and, secondly, increased frequency of culture-loaded loanwords due to the development of polysemy, strengthening of word-formation potential, formation of syntagmatic connections and inclusion in paradigmatic relations. Using the example of etymological doublets, one can trace the formal (mainly phonetic) and functional (mainly semantic) evolution of prototype words in donor languages.

Deciphering Clues Regarding Magma Composition Encoded in Quartz‐Hosted Embayments and Melt Inclusions Through Direct Numerical Simulations

AbstractCrystal‐hosted melt embayments and melt inclusions partially record magmatic processes at depth, but it is not always obvious how to interpret this record. One impediment is our incomplete understanding of how embayments and melt inclusions form. In this study, we investigate the formation mechanism of embayments and melt inclusions during quartz growth to quantify the relationship between the compositions of the entrapped and average melt. We study the growth of embayments and inclusions through direct numerical simulations that couple the growth of a crystal surface with the evolution of the concentrations of incompatible components in the surrounding melt. We find that H2O is more enriched in the interior of defects on crystal surface compared to the exterior. The resultant lower disequilibrium in the defect interior causes lower growth rate than in the exterior, elongating the defect into an embayment. If crystal growth stops, the composition in the embayment equilibrates with the average melt within days to months. If crystal growth continues until the embayment neck closes, a melt inclusion forms. The melt entrapped by both embayments and melt inclusions is enriched in incompatible components, such as H2O and CO2. In addition to inclusion size, the enrichment of incompatible components in melt inclusions also depends on component diffusivity and the crystal growth regime. High‐diffusivity components like H2O have similar enrichment levels in all scenarios, while lower‐diffusivity components like CO2 are more enriched in melt inclusions with smaller sizes or formed in continuous crystal growth.

Equity, Diversity and Inclusion: Class Inequalities within the British Documentary Film Industry

While there is a considerable amount of scholarship and grey literature about social exclusions within the UK cultural industries, the sociology of cultural labour has paid little attention to documentary film-making as a relatively elitist occupation that is maintained by systemic inequalities. Based on semi-structured interviews with several independent documentary film-makers about their own labouring subjectivities, and qualitative analysis of relevant academic literature and cultural policies, this article critically explores how class inequalities are understood, reproduced, negotiated or resisted within contemporary British documentary film-making. The research findings demonstrate that documentarians from socially disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to face significant obstacles in the film-making sector than their privileged counterparts. While the majority of respondents are aware of structural disadvantages, champion more inclusive forms of creativity and are committed to improving discriminatory working conditions, a small number of participants believe that the social relations of documentary film production are meritocratic, can be characterised by their celebration of neoliberal values and a willingness to defend the industry's employment practices. The article concludes with a series of recommendations for creative organisations, government and policymakers.

Болашақ арнайы педагогтардың инклюзивті құзыреттілігін қалыптастырудың психологиялық-педагогикалық негіздері

One of the main changes in the world educational practice is the formation of the term inclusion (integration) instead of the term integration (integration into a single whole). While Integration provides for the adaptation of the child to the requirements of the system, inclusion provides for the adaptation of the system to the needs of the child. At the same time, one of the problems that need to be solved when implementing the country's inclusive education system is the qualification of personnel and making changes in the process of training future teachers. Of particular importance is the problem of the formation of inclusive competence, of which professional competence is an integral part. To date, the problem of the formation of inclusive competence of future teachers has not been sufficiently studied in theoretical and practical aspects. The article analyzes scientific, psychological and pedagogical sources, where the psychological and pedagogical foundations of the formation of inclusive competence among future special teachers are considered. The analysis showed that the definition of the concept of «inclusive competence of future special teachers» is considered by various authors in psychological and pedagogical research and «inclusive competence» belongs to the category of professional competencies, which has its own structure. The structure of inclusive competence of future special educators refers to professional competencies and consists of certain components. Taking into account these components determines the success of the formation of inclusive competence among future special teachers.

Plasticity and structural alterations of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic organelles in muscles of mice deficient in α-dystrobrevin, a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the plasma membrane and the neuromuscular junction. In this study, we investigated the impact of the deficiency of α-dystrobrevin (αdbn), a component of the DGC, on the homeostasis of intracellular organelles, specifically mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In αdbn deficient muscles, we observed a significant increase in the membrane-bound ATP synthase complex levels, a marker for mitochondria in oxidative muscle fiber types compared to wild-type. Furthermore, examination of muscle fibers deficient in αdbn using electron microscopy revealed profound alterations in the organization of mitochondria and the SR within certain myofibrils of muscle fibers. This included the formation of hyper-branched intermyofibrillar mitochondria with extended connections, an extensive network spanning several myofibrils, and a substantial increase in the number/density of subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Concurrently, in some cases, we observed significant structural alterations in mitochondria, such as cristae loss, fragmentation, swelling, and the formation of vacuoles and inclusions within the mitochondrial matrix cristae. Muscles deficient in αdbn also displayed notable alterations in the morphology of the SR, along with the formation of distinct anomalous concentric SR structures known as whorls. These whorls were prevalent in αdbn-deficient mice but were absent in wild-type muscles. These results suggest a crucial role of the DGC αdbn in regulating intracellular organelles, particularly mitochondria and the SR, within muscle cells. The remodeling of the SR and the formation of whorls may represent a novel mechanism of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in muscle cells.

The polyglutamine domain is the primary driver of seeding in huntingtin aggregation.

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease caused by aggregation of the huntingtin protein (htt) with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domain into amyloid fibrils. Htt aggregation is modified by flanking sequences surrounding the polyQ domain as well as the binding of htt to lipid membranes. Upon fibrillization, htt fibrils are able to template the aggregation of monomers into fibrils in a phenomenon known as seeding, and this process appears to play a critical role in cell-to-cell spread of HD. Here, exposure of C. elegans expressing a nonpathogenic N-terminal htt fragment (15-repeat glutamine residues) to preformed htt-exon1 fibrils induced inclusion formation and resulted in decreased viability in a dose dependent manner, demonstrating that seeding can induce toxic aggregation of nonpathogenic forms of htt. To better understand this seeding process, the impact of flanking sequences adjacent to the polyQ stretch, polyQ length, and the presence of model lipid membranes on htt seeding was investigated. Htt seeding readily occurred across polyQ lengths and was independent of flanking sequence, suggesting that the structured polyQ domain within fibrils is the key contributor to the seeding phenomenon. However, the addition of lipid vesicles modified seeding efficiency in a manner suggesting that seeding primarily occurs in bulk solution and not at the membrane interface. In addition, fibrils formed in the presence of lipid membranes displayed similar seeding efficiencies. Collectively, this suggests that the polyQ domain that forms the amyloid fibril core is the main driver of seeding in htt aggregation.

Effect of Cerium Element on Non-metallic Inclusions Formation During Molten and Solidification Processes of Q355 Microalloy Structural Steel

Effect of Cerium Element on Non-metallic Inclusions Formation During Molten and Solidification Processes of Q355 Microalloy Structural Steel

Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Pendidikan Inklusi di SD Al-Azhar Medan

This study aims to find out how the implementation of the self-learning curriculum is carried out, to find out what are the obstacles and challenges faced in implementing the self-learning curriculum, to analyze how the concept of inclusive education is implemented, and to find out how the implementation and evaluation of inclusive education forms of the independent curriculum in elementary schools. Al-Azhar Medan. This study used a field study method with a descriptive qualitative research type of analysis. The research data consists of primary data and secondary data. The primary data of this research are books that contain inclusive education. While the secondary data of this research is in the form of articles, journals, government regulations, scientific papers and so on. The data collection carried out by the author in this study was by observing, interviewing and documenting. The results obtained from this study are: (1) the implementation of the independent learning curriculum initiated by the government, (2) the implementation of inclusive education at SD Al-Azhar Medan which starts from curriculum planning in the RPPM and RPPH which is based on curriculum modification by adjusting on the needs and abilities of students which include moral, social, creative, language, and skills values, (3) the process of assessing inclusive education at SD Al-Azhar Medan is carried out by the teacher and the results of therapy.

Multimodal Reading and Design: Preservice and Practicing Teachers’ Graphic Narratives for Students

Preservice and practicing teachers analyzed and then designed innovative graphic narratives to understand and model the format for curricular inclusion in young adolescents’ learning.

Сегрегация или инклюзия: опыт экспериментального исследования условий психологического сопровождения профессиональной подготовки лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья

<p>The article reveals the degree of effectiveness of segregated and inclusive forms of psychological and pedagogical support for students with special educational needs. In the psychological experiment took part 68 students with disabilities, its purpose was to identify the dynamics of the psychological well-being of the students depending on the inclusive or segregated forms of psychological trainings they took part in. As a result of the study, carried out with the help of the Scale of psychological well-being K. Riffe (adaptation of T.D. Shevelenkova, T.P. Fesenko), questionnaire Life Style Index (<em>Plutchik</em>, <em>Kellerman</em>, & <em>Conte</em>, 1979) and the methodology of SUN (V.A. Doskin, N.A. Lavrentieva, V.B. Sharay), we found out the differences between the groups of students according to their mood (t=7.55; p<0.001), well-being (t=4.89; p<0.001), activity (t=4.78; p<0.001), psychological well-being (t=4.65; p<0.001), tension of psychological defenses (t=2.27; p<0.05). These factors indicate the negative dynamics of psychological well-being of students with disabilities who studied in segregated groups with no conditionally healthy students. Based on the results of the psychological experiment, we made a conclusion, that the segregation of students with disabilities from other students is inexpedient, even if the purpose was providing them with psychological assistance in higher education.</p>

Evaluation of the accessibility attribute in the conception of women about gynecological assistance

Objective: To evaluate the Accessibility attribute in women's conception of gynecological care in a Basic Health Unit in the Federal District, Brazil. Method: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Results: They showed that the attribute of accessibility in Primary Health Care is still a major conflict, and several problems persist, such as geographic barriers and difficult access by the organization of the service, which highlights the need to break the ordinary care practices that make difficult entry, access, reception and transmission of information. Conclusion: It is necessary to organize more inclusive forms of healthcare offerings, which aim to provide a quality welcome, with a holistic view of the person as a whole, fundamental for better organization of the healthcare service system in healthcare regions.