External Form Research Articles

Some peculiarities of application of administrative coercion measures by law enforcement agencies of Ukraine during martial law

The article describes the concept, features and types of administrative coercion. It is stated that state coercion, which is embodied in specific methods of influence, is heterogeneous. Legal coercion is manifested, first of all, in various forms of liability: criminal, administrative, disciplinary and property liability which is borne by citizens, officials and legal entities which have committed an offence, and also in the application by authorized state bodies and officials of other coercive measures against persons who do not voluntarily comply with the requirements of legal provisions. It is noted that the use of administrative coercion is not only an important area of administrative law enforcement activity of the relevant state bodies, but also a key criterion for the exercise of the law enforcement function of the State as a whole. The author emphasizes that unlike other measures of state coercion which are always a reaction to unlawful acts of subjects, administrative coercion measures are often used for preventive impact and prevention of offences, as well as for establishing law and order in various emergency circumstances. The author proposes to define administrative coercion as the application by law enforcement agencies authorized by the State to objects which are not under their control, regardless of the will and desire of the latter, and regulated by administrative law, of moral, property, personal and other measures of influence with the aim of protecting public relations arising in the field of public administration, by preventing and suppressing offences, and also by bringing perpetrators to justice for their commission. It is noted that the external forms of administrative coercion are its measures. It is emphasized that in the doctrinal sense, measures of administrative coercion should be divided into three groups: administrative preventive measures, measures of administrative termination, and measures of administrative penalty. The author emphasizes that the martial law regime in Ukraine has made significant adjustments to the functioning of almost all state bodies, institutions and organizations, and they have particularly affected the activities of law enforcement agencies, including the application of administrative coercion measures.

Latin and Cyrillic alphabets in the ergonimicon of the central streets in Kazan: Etymology of names as a reflection of problems and perspectives of graphic representation

This research aims to investigate the graphic features of the central streets’ ergonimicon in Kazan through the application of the linguistic landscape description method, etymological analysis and the method of continuous sampling, which have not been combined in the research of commercial names so far. Their combination is conditioned by the need to confirm the Research Hypothesis: The choice of the alphabet, representing an ergonym, depends on its origin and linguistic affiliation. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the close attention to the linguistic landscapes of the Russian Federation due to the fact that foreign languages and Latin often dominate in this case. The hypothesis and purpose of the study generate the following research questions: RQ1 – Is there an explanation for such an extensive use of Latin script in the linguistic landscapes of the Russian Federation; RQ2 – Is there a pattern in the use of Latin and Cyrillic; RQ3 – Is the prospect of more names in Cyrillic likely to be implemented. The Research Results demonstrated the fruitfulness of combining these methods in ergonimicon research, the hypothesis of the study was confirmed: RR1 – Names belonging to the native lexicon of official languages are transmitted in Cyrillic in the predominant number of cases; RR2 – For ergonyms-internationalisms, the word of the foreign language corresponding in external form and content is almost always chosen; RR3 – Еrgonyms-proper names are written in Latin more often than in Cyrillic; RR4 – Ergonyms-foreign words are represented in Latin. The obtained results led to the following conclusions and opened directions for the research (Conclusions and Directions for Future Research): CDFR1 – the hypothesis of the study should be confirmed on a larger research material; CDFR2 – the search for new approaches to nomination with an emphasis on the native lexicon is recommended; CDFR3 – the need exists for a diachronic approach to the research of linguistic landscapes of the Russian Federation; CDFR4 – the application of programming methods to the description of ergonyms with the aim to solve linguistic problems is required.

Let’s Practice Better... on Cats: Description and Visualisation of Artistic Images in Generative AI Models

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly prominent role in various spheres of life in today’s world, including generation of a variety of visual content from selfie stream processing to creating works of digital art. The present paper raises the question of whether AI is capable of creating real art or it just imitates its external form. The paper examines the specificity of prompts: from concrete named ones to interpretive descriptive queries in linguistic, artistic and socio-cultural contexts. The article dwells upon some important aspects of evaluating the quality of keyword extraction algorithms and their relation to artistic practice. The authors rely on semiotic analysis to uncover encoded meanings and imports in the text. The article emphasises that the literary text is at the top of the hierarchy of cultural texts; it is characterised by intentionality and coherence and represents a complex semantic field where key words and images interact with the explicit and implicit contexts. The study examines and analyses the visualised images of Cheshire Cat, Cat Behemoth and Tomcat Murr created by the authors with the use of three generative neural networks: Stable Diffusion, Dall‑E and Kandinsky. Understanding and visualising the literary text by generative systems and models realising specific algorithms requires the ability to reveal its multilayered semantics and connection with the cultural context, which ultimately helps to understand the in-depth meanings of the work and its place in culture. Consideration of the operational quality of algorithms for keyword system extraction and image generation is deemed possible from the point of view of their structural organisation. Generative algorithms create an imitative reality, while the immanence of the artistic value determines the uniqueness and meanings of the created figurative world. The article can be useful to anyone interested in the substance and specificity of digital art, the relationship between technological innovations and socio-cultural context, the creation and visualisation of artistic images in generative AI models, their conceptualisation and interpretation.

Туынды сөздердің ішкі мағыналық құрылымы

The article examines the semantic structure of derived words. The semantic structure of the word is considered to be a sign that shows the individuality of the language. The main method of internal semantic structure is the definition of the concept and the concept that connects the units between the internal meaning of the word and the external form. That is the only way to understand the integrity of the name. And it is distinguished that the name is formed on the basis of the internal meaning structure with the participation of the motivational process. The internal structure – the essential semantic feature of the name is analyzed. It is concluded that the internal meaning structure is the basis for the name – image. In order to fully reveal the nature of the creation of a name, attention is paid to its internal structure and the semantics of the word. From the internal structure of the word, the meaning validity of lexemes, motivation or lack of motivation of the meaning of the word comes from this.

Qualitative Study on the Use of Red Scarves by Young Pioneers

The Chinese Young Pioneers is a grassroots mass organization specifically established for Chinese children and youth, with the main goal of guiding them to learn the core values of communism and striving to shape them into active contributors and successors to the future socialist and communist cause. The red scarf, as a symbol of the Young Pioneers, carries glorious historical memories and serves as a distinct identity symbol for its members, which should be properly cherished. Wearing a red scarf not only enhances the organizational identity and sense of belonging of Young Pioneers, but also plays a positive role in promoting their understanding and acceptance of collectivist values. The red scarf is not only an external unified form, but also carries the deeper meaning and value of education. This study focuses on the phenomenon of abnormal and standardized behavior in the use of red scarves by young pioneers in the current context of ethnic minority areas in China. By observing and analyzing the specific usage of red scarves by Young Pioneers in ethnic regions, the aim is to reveal the multiple factors that lead to the improper use of red scarves and explore the complex socio-cultural roots behind it. Further propose relevant strategies from an educational perspective to standardize the use of red scarves by Young Pioneers, aiming to promote the comprehensive improvement of Young Pioneers' educational practices, and hoping to stimulate extensive thinking on how to optimize Young Pioneers' educational methods.

The influence of external action on the dynamics of elastic, thermal and concentration waves propagation

This paper presents the nonlinear coupled mathematical model allowing investigating the interrelation between the mechanical, thermal and diffusion processes in solid body. The model takes into account the finiteness of relaxation times of mass and heat fluxes. This is of interest for dynamical processes with characteristic times comparable to relaxation times, when the changes in the temperature and impurity concentration are described by hyperbolic thermal conductivity and diffusion equations. Additionally, the model takes into account the temperature and concentration dependencies of the diffusion coefficients; it gives rise to additional nonlinearity. The model is thermodynamically consistent and follows from the nonlinear equations of the thermoelastic diffusion theory. The implicit difference scheme of second approximation order in time and spatial steps, linearization relatively to known time moment and double-sweep method are used for the numerical implementation of the equation system. Examples of interrelating wave propagating under external actions are considered. The results show that distortions in the strain/stress and temperature distributions appear due to the interaction between the phenomena of different physical nature. The specific rates of different physical processes are different. Although diffusion is the slowest of them all, the influence of the diffusion wave is reflected in stress and strain waves far beyond the diffusion wave front. It is shown that regardless of the external action character and impulse form, the influence of the considered processes on each other does not change, but the wave picture becomes much more complicated with increasing number of actions.

Символизмът в творчеството на Александър Мутафов (1879–1957).

Alexander Mutafov is one of the most recognizable names in Bulgarian fine art. He began his creative career as a painting student at the Royal Academy of Art in Turin. After completing his education in Italy, he went to specialize in painting in Munich. In Turin and in the Bavarian capital, Mutafov became part of the contemporary artistic pursuits of the era. It is inspired by the modern discourse of symbolic poetics. In the solitude of individualism and in decadent culture, he discovers that personal and intimate path to selfexpression, to the materialization of his inner world and the depths of his creative emotionality. The symbolistic searches in his work can be divided mainly into two directions: on the one hand, there are those in which we find the clear parameters of individualism (lonely human figures by the sandy shore, violinists overhanging the sea abyss, portraits of his relatives presented in the characteristic symbolism external forms mourning lonely grave women), on the other hand are those in which the author looks into the mythological image and the supernatural world (demons, mythical deities, sea sirens, the image of death, personifications of heavenly bodies and natural objects). As one of the significant representatives of marinism in Bulgarian art, Mutafov’s symbolic works unfold in front of the sea or in its depths. Forever inspired by the beauty of the Bulgarian Black Sea, the artist looks into the mytho-poetic topos associated with it. The vastness of the sea itself will take the form of a symbol, be sometimes alluring, sometimes sinister, and often beguiling to doom, or compassionate and kind, like a close friend. The sea often comes alive, through its turbulent and dark waters or through the calm reflections in the frozen water, in an experienced and deeply felt work.

Research on the Cooperative Education Mechanism of Ideological and Political Education and Curriculum Ideological Education in Universities from the Perspective of Chinese Modernization

Based on the current situation of ideological and political education in universities under the background of the new era, this paper summarizes the existence collaborative educational mechanism of ideological and political education and curriculum ideological education under the background of the great ideological and political education. There are some problems such as the separation of ideological and political curriculum, the lack of integration of Chinese modernization theory into the ideological and political education, the emphasis on external form and the lack of internal coordination. To this end, the relevant countermeasures are put forward: jointly excavating the elements of ideological and political education, integrating the connotation of Chinese modernization, enriching the form of ideological and political collaborative education, and improving the evaluation system of ideological and political collaborative education. Colleges and universities should build a whole-person, whole-process, all-directional “great ideological and political course” curriculum system, break the past ideological and political courses of the status quo, the implementation of moral and political roots. This task is to achieve the educational goal of training qualified builders and successors for the socialist cause.

“The 21st century professionalization?”: online education as an instrument for bolstering individual welfare and societal equality

Abstract Since the start of the last decade of the 20th century, the application of digital technologies with the potential of making substantial contributions to a community’s welfare have led to the creation of the literature of Public Interest Technologies and reinvigorated many areas of focus in the social sciences. A relevant subfield of this literature has been the application of new technologies to education to increase social public benefits. The traditional literature on higher education seems to agree that the expansion of this good throughout a society is desirable because it generates direct and indirect individual gains, as well as aggregate level social benefits in the form of positive externalities. However, some authors have argued that the acquisition of postsecondary education has its own drawbacks: unwanted intellectual influence of instructors on students, barriers to access for students of historically vulnerable sociodemographic groups, as well as students’ perception of a reduced pay-off from going to college. While there have been some indices that online higher education could abate many of these issues, there has been relatively little formal research to test this tool’s impact. Using a quantitative approach, via cross-section and time-series data analysis, the text finds some evidence that online higher education could solve many of higher education’s drawbacks, while also being a feasible approach given the current technological environment of the United States. The text concludes outlining future research using a mixed-methods approach that could be highly valuable to acquire a more comprehensive view and robust evidence of online higher education’s potential of expanding social public benefits.

Textual form features for text readability assessment

Abstract Text readability assessment aims to automatically evaluate the degree of reading difficulty of a given text for a specific group of readers. Most of the previous studies considered it as a classification task and explored a wide range of linguistic features to express the readability of a text from different aspects, such as semantic-based and syntactic-based features. Intuitively, when the external form of a text becomes more complex, individuals will experience more reading difficulties. Based on this motivation, our research attempts to separate the textual external form from the text and investigate its efficiency in determining readability. Specifically, in this paper, we introduce a new concept, namely textual form complexity, to provide a novel insight into text readability. The main idea is that the readability of a text can be measured by the degree to which it is challenging for readers to overcome the distractions of external textual form and obtain the text’s core semantics. To this end, we propose a set of textual form features to express the complexity of the outer form of a text and characterize its readability. Findings show that the proposed external textual form features can be used as effective evaluation indexes to indicate the readability of text. It brings a new perspective to the existing research and provides a new complement to the existing rich features.

Design and Development of Traditional Han Chinese Ethnic Clothing for Contemporary Apparel

Background and Aim: Through the research and analysis of "characteristics of traditional Hanfu" and "new Chinese brand in the market", the design and development of traditional Han clothing in modern clothing are carried out. The characteristics of traditional Hanfu are studied through the patterns, colors, fabrics, styles, and other aspects, and then the existing three new Chinese brands on the market are analyzed and studied. The combination of traditional Chinese Hanfu and modern clothing is an effective integration of internal cultural inheritance and external forms. Incorporating more Chinese elements into the shape and style of clothing design is a kind of inheritance and development of traditional Chinese culture. The new Chinese Hanfu is an effective innovation. It can provide better design ideas for new Chinese Hanfu and develop it more comprehensively. This paper aims (1) to study the characteristics of traditional Chinese Hanfu costumes. (2) Assess how contemporary Chinese fashion brands incorporate Hanfu elements into their designs. And (3) Create a costume design that combines traditional Han clothing with modern clothing and explore the cultural connotation of this fusion. Materials and Methods: (1) Investigative Methodology: Case Studies. (2) Literature Research Method: Literature Review. (3) Information Research Methods: Information Analysis. During the research, the case study was conducted to investigate the existing new Chinese Hanfu in the market. Through the method of literature research, to understand the characteristics of traditional Chinese Hanfu. After obtaining the information through the above two methods, the existing information is analyzed, and the results obtained after analysis are used to carry out the innovative design of the new Chinese Hanfu. Results: The characteristics of Chinese traditional Hanfu are obtained through literature research. Hanfu is a traditional costume in ancient China, reflecting China's long history and culture and unique aesthetic style. The Traditional Hanfu is usually relatively loose, simple, and generous cutting, and designed with traditional Chinese patterns and bright colors. Based on the above research considerations, designers can bridge the gap between the past and the present by carefully considering shapes, fabrics, symbols, and adaptations to modern lifestyles. Designers can create clothing that resonates with different audiences while fostering greater appreciation and understanding of cultural diversity. Conclusion: By understanding Chinese traditional Hanfu and designing new Chinese Hanfu based on it, we can inherit Chinese traditional culture, combine traditional Hanfu with modern clothing, integrate traditional culture and historical clothing design into modern trends, create new Chinese clothing, and make Hanfu more suitable for modern People's Daily wear, which not only retains cultural heritage but also continues China's long-historical cultural tradition. At the same time, it makes Hanfu more suitable for modern life and aesthetics.

Using spatial video and deep learning for automated mapping of ground-level context in relief camps

BackgroundThe creation of relief camps following a disaster, conflict or other form of externality often generates additional health problems. The density of people in a highly stressed environment with questionable safe food and water access presents the potential for infectious disease outbreaks. These camps are also not static data events but rather fluctuate in size, composition, and level and quality of service provision. While contextualized geospatial data collection and mapping are vital for understanding the nature of these camps, various challenges, including a lack of data at the required spatial or temporal granularity, as well as the issue of sustainability, can act as major impediments. Here, we present the first steps toward a deep learning-based solution for dynamic mapping using spatial video (SV).MethodsWe trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) model on a SV dataset collected from Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to identify relief camps from video imagery. We developed a spatial filtering approach to tackle the challenges associated with spatially tagging objects such as the accuracy of global positioning system and positioning of camera. The spatial filtering approach generates smooth surfaces of detection, which can further be used to capture changes in microenvironments by applying techniques such as raster math.ResultsThe initial results suggest that our model can detect temporary physical dwellings from SV imagery with a high level of precision, recall, and object localization. The spatial filtering approach helps to identify areas with higher concentrations of camps and the web-based tool helps to explore these areas. The longitudinal analysis based on applying raster math on the detection surfaces revealed locations, which had a considerable change in the distribution of tents over space and time.ConclusionsThe results lay the groundwork for automated mapping of spatial features from imagery data. We anticipate that this work is the building block for a future combination of SV, object identification and automatic mapping that could provide sustainable data generation possibilities for challenging environments such as relief camps or other informal settlements.

Path dependence in explanatory models of economic thinking: Practice of publications in business media

Based on the sample of publications in federal business periodicals for the period from 2000 to 2024, the article examines the specifics of explanatory models used in the information discourse and applied in the press for the essential characteristics of economic processes. Content analysis and discourse analysis show that the explanatory models used in the media are fully consistent with the path dependence effect, that is, they record the dependence of current and future development on past experience, and also appeal to this experience regardless of its correspondence to the real state of economic picture. The article outlines the prospects for using explanatory models in the information discourse, including the inertia of using outdated economic approaches, the coexistence of conflicting stereotypes, as well as the strengthening of semantic empty constructions that record only the external form of the explanatory model without relevant empirical subject. A conclusion is made about the strengthening of the path dependence effect in explanatory models of the media, and, consequently, about the increasing subjectivity in the presentation of economic information

Распространение христианства в Абхазии в позднеантичный и средневековый периоды по данным пространственного анализа памятников в ГИС

The article is devoted to the analysis of the spatial location of temples in Abkhazia and reconstruction based on the results of the ways of penetration and spread of Christianity in different chronological stages: the period of late antiquity and the first penetration of Christianity into the territory of Colchis (IV–V centuries); the period of maximum Byzantine influence in the era of Justinian the Great and the period that following it (VI–VII centuries)—the period traditionally considered the stages of the official adoption of Christianity in Abkhazia; and the period of the maximum flourishing of the Abkhazian kingdom. The analysis is carried out on the basis of a GIS created by the authors, according to field surveys, including 149 temples. The conducted spatial analysis allowed us to answer the questions of how quickly Christianity began to spread across the territory of Abkhazia, which areas turned out to be the most susceptible to the new religion. It was traditionally believed that Christianity entered Abkhazia with the Roman military, through the fortresses of the Pontic Limes, built along the coast. However, the analysis showed that the trade caravan routes were also an important way of spreading Christianity. For the same reason, we see several hotbeds both in the west of the republic and in the east. But in the center, where the Bzyb ridge blocks access to the main passageways, traditional religion has been preserved for longer, almost two centuries. This factor influenced the spread of Christianity in the subsequent period. In general, the Justinian period was characterized by a significant increase in the number of churches, on the one hand, the standardization of its external form, on the other, and on the third, the complication of the liturgical service, which was reflected in the more complex organization of the internal space of churches. In the subsequent period, these trends are intensifying. Separate architectural schools are emerging. Thus, the spatial analysis of both the location of temples and the distribution of certain architectural features in space reflect the processes of Christianization and development of the Church, which was not reflected in written sources.

Cognitive Sphere and Health Self-Control in Teenagers with Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease, with self-control playing a key role in its effective treatment. Routine self-control requires high-order cognitive skills, e.g., planning, self-direction, compliance with medical recommendations, etc. All these pose a challenge for teenagers. The model of Responsible Self-Care developed by the World Health Organization takes into account not only health maintenance in diabetic patients, but also their cognitive ability to control their own attitude to treatment in order to achieve glycemic control. This study focused on the correlation between health self-control and neuropsychological profile in teenagers with diabetes. The sample included 38 diabetic patients represented by 13 boys and 25 girls aged 12–17. The study relied on the method of medical documentation analysis and the psychodiagnostic method, including the neuropsychological assessment battery by A. R. Luria and such questionnaires as Multidimensional-Functional Diagnostics of Responsibility, Self-Control Style, Locus of Disease Control, and Self-Efficiency in Disease. The correlation analysis confirmed a direct connection between the cognitive status and responsible behavior in teenagers with diabetes. Poor glycemic control and chronic hyperglycemia were associated with low test results in cognitive abilities, speech fluency, and memory capacity. Cognitive deficiency correlated with insufficient self-control, poor responsibility, and low self-efficiency, as well as with preference for external forms of control locus.

Not Quite Yet a Hazy Limbo of Mystery: Intuition in Russell’s An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry

Abstract I argue that in Bertrand Russell’s An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry (1897), his forms of externality serve the same fundamental role in grounding the possibility of geometry that Immanuel Kant’s forms of intuition serve in grounding geometry in his critical philosophy. Specifically, both provide knowledge of bare numerical difference, where we have no concept of this difference. Because geometry deals with such conceptually homogeneous magnitudes and their composition on both accounts, forms of intuition or externality (respectively) are at its foundation.

Costume and Body Language of Ethnic Dance Drama under Semiotics: An Analytical Study

Dance drama is a dramatic form with dance as its main means of expression, which has been developed in China for less than a century. In recent years, the development of Chinese dance drama, especially ethnic dance drama, has shown an obvious upward trend. Several excellent dance drama works have appeared, forming some distinctive dance drama styles, among which The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, The Peacock, and The Railway to Tibet are quite representative. This study will investigate the above three dance dramas based on semiotics. An analysis of costume and body language is carried out in this study based on the semiotics, from the morphological characteristics of dance and costume. In addition, the author makes a comprehensive exploration of the integration of the external form, fabric, structure and pattern of costume and body language, tries to reveal the way of interaction between costume symbols and body symbols in dance drama, and summarises the artistic connotation of the integration of dance costumes and body language. Then, it provides ideas for the role creation and education of dance drama.

Baseline Survey on Referrals and Healthcare Provider Needs in View for an Electronic Referral System.

The study aimed to evaluate the formats and completeness of the current paper-based referral system and assess user needs for designing an electronic referral system. Conducted in eight public health facilities in Kigali city, the mixed methods approach identified seven different referral letter formats, with the external transfer form averaging 58.8% completeness. Of the 61 elements on this form, 38 were suggested as mandatory and 23 as optional. Focus group discussions confirmed some elements and disputed others. Healthcare providers shared their needs and expectations for the electronic system. The study's outcome provides a clear understanding of the existing referral system and healthcare provider requirements, leading to the design of an electronic referral form.

Mechanism of implementation of the right to health care, medical assistance and medical insurance

The article examines the problematic issues of defining the concept of the mechanism of realization of the right to health care and medical assistance, as well as the components of the specified mechanism and the systemic connections between them. The author’s definition of the mechanism of the realization of the right to health care, medical assistance and medical insurance is proposed, which should be considered as a complex process, a system of interconnected components that create conditions for the legitimate exercise of the right of an individual, which includes a set of relevant legal norms regulating social relations that arise in connection with the exercise of the specified right and provide for the forms, grounds, conditions and procedures for its exercise; legal and enforcement acts; the activity of the person himself as the bearer of the subjective right in the exercise of his rights and duties; direct activity of the relevant authorities for the application of this right; legal relations through which subjects implement the researched law. It was concluded that the structure of the constitutional-legal mechanism for the realization of the right to health care and medical assistance is represented by a set of the following components: constitutional norms that establish the specified right; legal acts (normative-legal acts, which are the external form of expression and consolidation of these norms, and interpretative-legal acts, which contain an explanation of the content of legal norms; acts of application of legal norms (individual-legal); guarantees of the exercise of this right; the activity of a person from his use, which allows to distinguish the normative-legal and institutional-legal component of the mechanism. The regulatory and legal component of the implementation mechanism includes legal norms that determine the conditions, forms and procedures for the implementation of this right, the content of the right itself; economic, legal, organizational, institutional and other means and conditions for realization of the researched right, as well as guarantees of realization and protection of the right to health care, medical assistance and medical insurance. The institutional and legal component is represented by the system of authorized bodies, institutions and establishments that manage, organize activities, provide medical assistance or services. The special content of the right to health care and medical assistance allows us to distinguish the features of the mechanism of implementation of this right: a) it is carried out by bodies that provide medical assistance or contribute to the provision of medical assistance (support units); b) has a limited scope, because it is used exclusively during the implementation of the above-mentioned right; c) one of the subjects of legal relations is always the person who receives medical assistance, and the other is public health care institutions that directly provide health care(enterprises, institutions, organizations of various forms of ownership, including those created by private individuals, provided they have the necessary material and technical base and qualified specialists); d) realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens takes place in three forms - compliance, implementation and application of legal norms; e) realization of the researched right is carried out according to a certain procedure, which is established by national legislation.

Development of a Generative Design System for 3D-Printed Houses in Chile

Three dimensional-printing construction is an emerging technology with significant potential for faster building execution and more precise, controllable designs. This technology utilizes material deposition managed by computer data, enabling additive construction of shapes. This research aims to develop a generative design system for 3D-printed houses in Chile, addressing the country’s growing demand for housing across diverse geographical locations and social groups, also present in other parts of the world. The development process involves synthesizing the external form features of existing Chilean houses and analyzing prototypes of 3D-printed houses worldwide to establish a set of geometric characteristics suitable for 3D-printed homes in Chile. A procedure is then outlined to create design alternatives using parametric programming on a BIM platform, followed by toolpath development for printing the building components. Various models are generated to demonstrate housing shapes’ versatility and adaptability to Chilean contexts and 3D-printed construction methods. Finally, a detailed design is created and printed to construct a housing prototype, testing the entire digital workflow. This experience highlights the variety of 3D-printed housing shapes that can be developed while assessing their feasibility for the Chilean context. This research complements the flexible design capabilities of 3D printing construction, resulting in buildings better suited to various locations and occupancy needs.